For amblyopic children, the treatment principles are: eliminating inhibition, improving vision, correcting eye position, training macular fixation and fusion function, so as to restore binocular vision function.
The therapeutic effect of amblyopia is related to age and fixation nature: 5 ~ 6 years old is better, but it is worse after 8 years old; The central fixation is better, but the lateral fixation is worse.
There are two common treatments for amblyopia, one is to eliminate form deprivation, the other is to eliminate abnormal interaction between eyes, and the other treatments are adjuvant treatment.
First, eliminate formal deprivation.
Refraction correction is the most commonly used method to eliminate form deprivation. Almost all amblyopic children will be complicated with ametropia, and the direct cause of anisometropic amblyopia and ametropia amblyopia is ametropia. The existence of ametropia will lead to the inhibition of retinal imaging or eye health.
Children with amblyopia need to use mydriatic to paralyze their eyes and get static and accurate optometry results. For all amblyopic children, if ametropia occurs after optometry, glasses should be worn frequently.
Second, eliminate the abnormal interaction between eyes.
Covering therapy (covering one eye and looking at the other eye) is an ancient and effective treatment method for amblyopia, and it is one of the simplest, most economical and most effective methods for treating amblyopia in children.
The most common method of covering is to cover healthy eyes (the one with better eyesight). After the healthy eye is covered and deprived of vision, the poor eye can get the opportunity of visual perception and visual afferent, so that the poor eye can get exercise and excitement.
Third, the auxiliary treatment methods
1. Fine vision training
This is a special application training for amblyopic eyes, which is beneficial to visual development and vision improvement. There are many fine vision training methods, which should be selected according to the age, intelligence and vision of amblyopic children, and the training methods can be changed frequently.
2. Grating training
Grating therapy (CAM therapy) is also called basic therapy of visual physiology. The visual cells in the human cerebral cortex respond actively to the stimulation of strong contrast and high spatial frequency. People design a black-and-white grating disk, which has strong contrast and rotates in all directions to stimulate amblyopic eyes to improve their vision. This method has a good effect on central fixation.
3. Red light flashing training
Red light with a wavelength of 630 nm is used to stimulate cells in the central area of the fundus macula. This area is the most sensitive area of the fundus. Stimulation can accelerate cell growth and improve children's vision. ?
4. After-image enhancement therapy
If amblyopia is staring at the lateral center, afterimage treatment can be performed. Amblyopia therapeutic apparatus is used for treatment, generally 1 ~ 2 times a day; Do each function for 5 minutes at a time; According to the degree of amblyopia, we can wear glasses or not.
After-image therapy can be used for amblyopic children staring at the lateral center. After-image therapy takes a long time and is equipped with special equipment, which makes it difficult for children to cooperate.
The treatment of near-cardiac fixation can also use red filter membrane, which is based on the sensitivity of fovea cells in the center of macula to red filter membrane. When in use, the fixed eye is covered, and a certain red filter film (wavelength 600 ~ 640 mm) is added in front of the non-fixed eye correction lens to promote the central gaze of the macula, thus improving the vision.
The above treatment and training methods are only for introduction. Parents need to follow the advice of doctors or optometrists after detailed examination and treat them as soon as possible, so that their children can have good eyesight.