These four levels of commodities are called commodity ball model.
Tangible attachments to commodities include commodity names, commodity packages and their decorations and signs, trademarks and registration marks, patent marks, quality, safety and hygiene marks, environmental marks, labels or signs of commodity descriptions, inspection certificates, instructions for use, maintenance cards, purchase invoices, etc. Intangible appendages of goods refer to all kinds of services and additional benefits that people get when they buy tangible goods. Such as providing credit, door-to-door delivery, free installation and debugging services, after-sales guarantee and maintenance services, return and compensation service commitments, preferential discounts within a certain period of time, additional property insurance, etc.