1. Characteristics of polyester fiber
Strength: The strength of polyester fiber is nearly 1 times higher than that of cotton and three times higher than that of wool, so polyester fabric is strong and durable.
Heat resistance: it can be used at 70 ~ 170℃, which is the best heat resistance and thermal stability among synthetic fibers.
Elasticity: The elasticity of polyester is close to wool, and its wrinkle resistance is superior to other fibers. This kind of fabric does not wrinkle and has good shape retention.
Abrasion resistance: The abrasion resistance of polyester is second only to that of nylon, ranking second among synthetic fibers.
Water absorption: Polyester has low water absorption and moisture regain and good insulation performance, but due to low water absorption, static electricity generated by friction is large and dyeing performance is poor.
2. Use of polyester fiber
As a clothing fiber, polyester fabric can achieve the effect of wrinkle resistance and non-ironing after washing. Polyester is often blended or interwoven with various fibers, such as cotton polyester and wool polyester, which are widely used in various clothing and decorative materials. Polyester can be used in conveyor belts, tents, canvas, cables, fishing nets and so on. In industry, especially polyester cord for tires, its performance is close to that of nylon. Polyester can also be used in electrical insulation materials, acid-resistant filter cloth, cloth for pharmaceutical industry, etc.
Cotton:
1) Advantages:
Strong hygroscopicity-cotton fiber is a porous substance with irregular internal molecular arrangement and a large number of hydrophilic structures in the molecules.
Warm keeping-cotton fiber is a poor conductor of heat, and its cavity is full of stagnant air.
Comfortable to wear-no static electricity, good air permeability, hypoallergenic and easy to clean.
2) Disadvantages:
Easy to wrinkle-cotton fiber has poor elasticity.
High shrinkage-cotton fiber has strong water absorption. When it absorbs water, cotton fiber expands, causing cotton yarn to shorten and deform.
Dimensions before washing-dimensions after washing
Attached calculation method: shrinkage = × 100%
Size before washing
Generally, the shrinkage accepted by knitted garments is +5%.
Molding-In wet state, cotton fiber will decompose into its favorite nutrient-glucose when it meets bacteria or fungi, which makes the fabric moldy and deteriorated.
If cotton fiber is exposed to the sun for a long time, its strength will decrease, and the fiber will be hard and brittle. When it meets oxidant, bleaching powder or oxidizing dyes, it will also reduce its strength and make the fiber brittle and hard.
Spandex:
The biggest advantage of spandex is its good elasticity, which can be stretched 5-8 times without aging. Spandex can not be woven alone, but usually with other raw materials. The proportion of spandex is about 3- 10%, and the proportion of spandex in swimsuit fabric reaches 20%.
Nylon:
It is the earliest synthetic fiber variety in the world, and is widely used because of its excellent performance and rich raw material resources.
Characteristics of nylon:
Good strength and wear resistance, ranking first among all fibers. Its wear resistance is 10 times of cotton fiber, 10 times of dry viscose fiber and 140 times of wet fiber. Therefore, its durability is very good.
Nylon fabric has excellent elasticity and elastic recovery, but it is easy to deform under a small external force, so its fabric is easy to wrinkle during wearing.
Poor ventilation and permeability, easy to generate static electricity.
The hygroscopicity of nylon fabric is a good variety in synthetic fiber fabric, so the clothing made of nylon is more comfortable than polyester clothing.
It has good moth resistance and corrosion resistance.
The heat resistance and light resistance are not good enough, and the ironing temperature should be controlled below 140℃. Pay attention to the washing and maintenance conditions during wearing and using, so as not to damage the fabric.
Nylon fabric is a kind of light fabric, which is second only to polypropylene and acrylic fabrics in synthetic fiber fabrics, and is suitable for making mountaineering clothes and winter clothes.
Polyester cotton:
Polyester cotton is partly cotton and partly chemical fiber. This scale, but the general chemical fiber accounts for more, belonging to relatively poor materials.
Advantages: cheap, easy to dry after washing.
Disadvantages: easy pilling, which is inevitable and determined by its own characteristics.
Generally, low-grade bedding will use polyester-cotton fabric, while high-grade bedding will use pure cotton or silk fabric.