There is something in all kinds of dishes in China. Tea drinking in Guangdong is particularly developed, generally referring to steamed bread and cakes placed in steamer. There are not many styles in the early stage of dim sum, including big steamed buns, barbecued pork buns, shrimp dumplings, Shao Shao, rice rolls and so on. Dim sum is an important symbol which is different from the northern tea drinking habit. Nowadays, there are many kinds of dim sum in Guangdong, which can be roughly divided into salty spots and desserts. Most snacks are hot dishes, but there are also a few cold dishes.
In northern cuisine, "pastry" with flour as the main raw material is also one of the important branches of China dim sum. Better chefs in the north can make more than 2000 kinds of pasta.
Traditional dim sum includes Bao Dian, jiaozi and rice rolls. Many snack shops also offer other dishes, such as rape, barbecue, porridge and soup of different styles. In teahouses or restaurants, tea is usually served with snacks.
In many cooking methods, snacks are usually steamed, fried or fried, and the number is four pieces per dish.
West point is the abbreviation of western-style dessert and western-style refreshment; Because cakes and biscuits are bulk, they are usually referred to as cakes for short. Western cakes are mostly sweets, and the commonly used raw materials are flour, milk, butter, sugar, cream, chocolate, raw fruits and nuts. Bake at high temperature in the oven; Britain traditionally serves hot drinks such as black tea, milk tea and coffee, which are tasted in afternoon tea. Such as cake, pudding, jelly, ice cream, etc. /kloc-before the 0/9th century, sugar was only the patent of the upper class in western society, and eating dessert would be regarded as a symbol of nobility, so dessert had a certain position in western food. Since sugar was widely used later, desserts became popular and exhibited diversified characteristics. Nowadays, many people will enjoy dessert after dinner.
From the literature, dim sum and tea are different in nature, but they have long been confused.
According to my investigation, the history of dim sum in the north is ancient, while that in the south is new. The ancients may still have the legacy of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the new one is only in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. There are two commonly used words on the signboard of the snack shop, and I want to borrow them here. It seems quite appropriate. The north can be called "official tea" and the south is "fine lake". -Zhou Zuoren's "North and South Dim Sum"
China's traditional dim sum is generally the most common "eight big pieces" and "eight small pieces".
Bakuai, also known as Northern Cake, is represented by Beijing. Beijing-style cakes, with a long history, various categories and different tastes, are characterized by heavy oil and light sugar, softness, pure sweetness and saltiness. Representative varieties include Beijing Bakuai, red and white moon cakes and so on. Among them, Beijing eight tablets are divided into big eight tablets, small eight tablets and refined eight tablets. Eight pieces are made of eight kinds of fillings, such as hawthorn, rose, green plum, white sugar, red bean paste, jujube paste, salt and pepper, raisins, etc. , wrapped in edible oil noodles, carefully baked to make various patterns of impressions. Shapes are kidney-shaped, drum-shaped, bergamot-shaped, bat-shaped, peach-shaped and pomegranate-shaped. Crispy and delicious, with pure fragrance. Specially made eight pieces, the fine layer is even, the filling is soft and sandy, and the fruit is pure and thick. There are also eight kinds of shapes, such as three immortals, silver ingots, sweet-scented osmanthus, happiness, auspiciousness, longevity and love of peaches, which are the fine products in Beijing-style cakes.
In the old days, Beijingers should bring gifts when visiting relatives and friends, and pay attention to giving "eight Beijing pieces", namely "big eight pieces" and "small eight pieces". This was originally an essential gift and decoration for the wedding and funeral ceremony and daily life of the royal family in the Qing Dynasty. Later, the formula was spread from the royal chef to the people. Its main ingredients are refined white flour, sugar, lard, honey and various fruit seeds. The so-called "eight pieces", that is, eight kinds of snacks, generally have sesame cakes, jujube flowers, crispy rolls, and some are engraved with different words such as blessing, luck, longevity and happiness. There are round, peach, square and so on. They are packed in a rectangular cardboard box. "Little People" is in duplicate, and sixteen pieces are packed in a carton. In the past, when my daughter went back to her parents' home to pay a New Year call to her elders, I always went to the pastry shop to buy a box of eight big ones in my hand, which was generous and beautiful.
The big eight pieces are generally eight pieces a catty, and the small eight pieces are generally eight pieces a catty.
Eight big pieces and eight small pieces. A catty of eight different kinds of cakes is called "Daba", which is generally the most suitable for giving gifts. Small eight pieces are also eight varieties, and sixteen small pieces are divided into one catty. As a gift, eight pieces are the main ones, with high quality. The names of eight different cakes are as follows: 1. Rice cat cake, 2. Big roll of cake, 3. Big cake, 4. Butterfly paper, 5. Picture cake, 6. Chicken oil cake, 7. Zhuangyuan cake, 8. Seven stars, Dianzi. The small eight pieces are one size smaller than the big eight pieces: one, fruit pie, two, small roll crisp, three, DOG crisp, four, chicken oil cake, five, small screw crisp, six, salted preserves, seven, jujube flowers, eight, pit noodles. The last four are the most popular among children. Especially jujube flowers, twisted into petals with jujube paste, are very beautiful.
China's food culture has a long history. China dim sum, as a part of catering in China, has experienced the long-term practice of working people in China, especially the inheritance and development of dim sum chefs. There are more and more kinds of dim sum, including steamed stuffed bun, jiaozi, cake, meatballs, rolls, cakes, crisp strips, frozen rice and porridge. After thousands of years of creation by pastry chefs, its basic forms are colorful and lifelike, such as geometric, pictographic and natural shapes.
There are many kinds of pastry shapes in China, and different varieties have different shapes. Even if the same variety, different regions and different flavor schools are ever-changing, the modeling is realistic. But in general, the appearance of cakes has certain characteristics, which can be summarized as follows.
1, geometric form is the basis of plastic arts and is widely used in pastry modeling. It is made by imitating various geometric shapes in life. Geometry can be divided into single geometry and combined geometry. The geometric shape of the monomer is like the round shape of glutinous rice balls and lotus root starch dumplings? The triangle and trapezoid of zongzi? The square of a cube cake? The rectangle of the pot cake? Diamond-shaped thousand layers of oil cakes, etc. The three-dimensional decorative cake consists of several cakes with different sizes. Plus a combination of various decorative shapes? Form a beautiful three-dimensional shape. Generally speaking, this kind of cake belongs to combinatorial geometry.
2. Ideographic characters can be divided into plant shapes and animal shapes. Plant-like modeling is a common modeling in pastry making, especially some fancy cakes, which pay attention to modeling and often imitate natural plants, such as flowers, such as Chinese rose and peony in boat-shaped points, lotus cakes, lily cakes and begonia cakes in oil cakes, and blue dumplings and plum dumplings in water-mixed products. There are also fruit imitations, such as pomegranate bags, peach bags, gourd bags and so on. There are also boats, persimmons, Sydney, grapes, oranges and apples. There are green peppers, radishes, broad beans and peanuts that imitate vegetables. Animal-like shapes are also widely used, such as hedgehog buns, goldfish buns, bat flats and butterfly clips. Jiaozi the dragonfly, jiaozi the swallow, jiaozi the cicada and jiaozi the pigeon. They are all animal-shaped noodles.
3. Natural form is an irregular form formed after the maturity of modeling technology. Such as flowering steamed bread, naturally "flowers" after steaming. Others, such as smile, palace peach crisp, honeycomb yolk horn, hibiscus pearl cake and so on. It is also naturally formed in the process of maturity.
In our country, there are three ways to shape cakes: manual molding, mold molding and machine molding. However, from the actual situation, manual molding is the main way, and cakes are shaped into various shapes through the skillful hands of pastry chefs. A series of operation skills and technological processes in pastry modeling should be carried out around the purpose of eating and stimulating appetite. One is delicious, and the other is beautiful, which can satisfy people's desire for food and make people feel beautiful. The noodles with delicious taste are also supported by specific forms, so the requirements for the shape of noodles are mainly manifested in the following aspects.
1, simple and natural. When we make cakes, we should try to be simple and lively? Develop towards abstraction. On the one hand, because the primary purpose of making cakes is to eat, not to look, on the other hand, it is too realistic, time-consuming and laborious, and food is easily polluted? Does not meet the needs of modern fast-paced life. Concise, lively and natural, which can satisfy the appetite and be hygienic, is the pursuit direction. 2. The image is vivid. The modeling of Chinese pastry is mainly manifested in dough and dough. Pastry chefs have always been good at making flowers, birds, animals, fish, insects and fruits with different shapes.
The theme selection of pastry modeling should combine time factors and environmental awareness, and it is best to choose objects that people like to see and hear, such as goldfish, white rabbits, jade geese, butterflies and mandarin ducks. , and be good at grasping the main characteristics of the object. Extract the artistic modeling suitable for the characteristics of pastry modeling from life. Using ellipsis, exaggeration, deformation, addition and geometry, we can not only create vivid noodles, but also be concise and quick. For example, in a decorated cake, how many roses are often omitted for decoration? However, it still retains the characteristics of Chinese rose. "jiaozi the Goldfish" focuses on exaggerating the eyes and fish tails of goldfish, which is more vivid, while "Butterfly Roll" treats the complex patterns on butterflies into symmetrical geometric shapes, which is vivid and simple.
Western-style cakes are the general name of cakes introduced into China from foreign countries, which have western national styles and characteristics. Such as German, French, English and Russian. Traditional western pastry mainly includes bread, cakes and snacks.
1. Cut the bread from the edge, and then insert the stuffing (cream cream, cheese cream, Masimari, etc.). ). Another method is to cut a hole in the middle of the bread surface, and then install the stuffing in the hole with a toothed installation hole, such as pineapple bread and crispy bread. This method is used for shaping.
2. The fillings are similar to those of Chinese buns, including fillings, which are generally bean paste, jam, peanut butter, coconut, meat floss and so on.
3. The mold is mainly made of sweet cakes and fancy bread, and the main types are tower, steak and tarts. The tower is an open basin, and the tower with a cover is a row. Commonly known as pie. Towers and rows have no fixed size, and the shapes are oval, boat-shaped, rounded rectangle and so on. Fran is a flat disc with a diameter of 20 cm. These snacks have different types according to the stuffing. Fancy bread can be made into braids, flowers and petals.
The modeling decoration of West Point is based on decorative materials and fillers, and modeling design is an important part of West Point decoration.
1, modeling and decoration design, including the determination of decoration types and methods, the conception of patterns and colors, and the selection of decoration materials. Decorative patterns can be divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical, regular and irregular. The design requirements are concise and smooth, but not too complicated, which meets the requirements of the modeling and decoration of Chinese cakes. Try to be harmonious, bright and elegant in the use of colors, and don't be too gorgeous or even tacky. Color makes the best use of the color of raw materials. Generally speaking, there should be no more than three colors of West Point. Colors don't care much, but collocation. Collocation can adopt the principle of approximation or contrast to produce pleasing and fascinating visual effects. For example, white cream with red strawberries or dark brown chocolate can form a sharp contrast, while yellow cream with orange petals or brown nuts with similar colors can give people a soft and comfortable feeling.
2, West Point decoration type, simple decoration Simple decoration belongs to one-time decoration with one or two decorative materials, and the operation is simple and quick. For example, sprinkle powdered sugar on the surface of the product, place one or more dried fruits or nuts, or wrap a layer of chocolate and square orange on the surface of the product. Only using fillers for decoration also belongs to the category of simple decoration. Pattern decoration generally requires the use of more than two kinds of decorative materials, usually with more than two decorative processes, which are complex and highly technical. Modeling Decoration Modeling Decoration belongs to the advanced decoration of West Point, which requires high technology. When decorating, or make the product into three-dimensional models such as multilayer, house, boat, carriage, etc. Decorate it again, or make a small plane model with sugar products, chocolate, etc. In advance, and then put it on the preliminary product.
3. West Point modeling and decoration method: extrusion and decoration extrusion are important methods of West Point modeling. Most of them are paste-like raw materials, semi-solid sugar-coated decorative materials and chocolate, and their production forms mainly include simulation form, abstract form and cartoon form. The creative content of decorative flowers is very rich, and the design form is also determined by the content. Fancy decoration is vivid and can be represented by simulation or cartoon, and its content is based on things or events in real life. European decoration is simple, solemn, elegant and simple. Abstract decorative modeling can be used, and the content is based on the ideas generated by summing up things in life, giving more imagination, refinement and generalization. Immersion is also called "seasoning", that is, part or all of the product is immersed in melted chocolate or square orange and taken out in a moment. After air cooling, new decorative materials with certain colors are formed on the surface of the product. Wrapping is to wrap egg skin, tiger skin or sugar bag on the surface of the product. This method is used for colored cakes or fancy burritos. One method is to smear paste-like raw materials on the surface and around the product, and the other method is to pour melted chocolate or frosted raw materials on the product and then smooth it. Placement is often used for the decoration of fruit towers and orchids, such as putting all kinds of fruits together in the baked tower blank and orchid blank. Dip in a thick layer of raw materials, such as sauce, cream, jelly, etc. , on the outer surface of the product, and then contact with dried nuts or chocolate, so that it adheres to the surface of the product and looks like plush. The model is made of sugar products or chocolate into flowers, animals, people and other models, and then put them in the products, which is a technically difficult method.