The composition of nuclear sewage is as follows:
1. Radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive radium, uranium, thorium, cesium, strontium, selenium, beryllium, cobalt, plutonium, uranium and other nuclides.
2. Radioactive nuclear leakage products, such as tritium, radon, thorium series nuclides, neptunium series nuclides, etc.
3. Chemical pollutants, such as acids, alkalis, organic matter, heavy metals, compounds of radioactive elements, etc.
4. A mixture of radioactive particles and dissolved radioactive substances.
Nuclear wastewater is mainly produced through nuclear power plant emptying water, reactor discharge water, second loop wastewater, cleaning waste liquid, ion exchange device regeneration wastewater and special washing water.
In addition to nuclear power plants, the generation of nuclear wastewater is also related to the manufacturing of nuclear weapons and the research and development of nuclear energy. During these processes, wastewater containing radioactive materials is produced. In addition, hospitals also produce wastewater when they use radioactive isotopes to treat diseases. The main nuclides in this wastewater include 198Au, 131I, etc., which are also low-radioactive wastewater.
The correct way to treat nuclear wastewater
1. Chemical precipitation method: Use chemical precipitants to react with trace amounts of radionuclides in the wastewater to precipitate, so that the radionuclides in the wastewater The radioactivity is transferred and concentrated into a small volume of sludge, leaving very little radioactivity remaining in the sedimented wastewater, thus enabling it to meet discharge standards.
2. Ion exchange method: Utilizing the high removal ability and large exchange capacity of cation exchange resin for radioactive strontium, and the characteristics of phenolic cation resin that can effectively remove radioactive cesium, the radioactive wastewater is passed through ion exchange column, allowing radionuclides to be adsorbed and discharged as the resin is regenerated.