According to the objective law of the formation and development of commodity grain bases and the requirements of China's national conditions, the selection and construction of commodity grain bases should generally meet the following standards: ① It is the most basic to build them in provinces (regions) with more surplus grain; (2) Choose areas with more grain per capita, high commodity rate, great potential for increasing grain production, less investment and quick results; (3) Generally speaking, the counties in the region are concentrated together, and the natural conditions and socio-economic conditions in the same area are generally similar, which is convenient for unified planning and deployment of commodity grain base construction; (4) Commodity grain bases should focus on grain production, and should not be built in cash crop producing areas, nor in forest areas and pastoral areas, so as to avoid mutual exclusion and hinder the development of grain production advantages.
According to the above standards, it is planned to build a 13 large-scale commodity grain base nationwide from the needs of national economic development, the production conditions and current characteristics of grain crops in various places and the existing economic strength of the country. 13 commodity grain base covers 247 counties and cities, and the cultivated land area is16.44 million hectares, accounting for 16.5% of the cultivated land area in China. The agricultural population is 65438+130,000, and the annual grain output is about 60 billion kilograms, accounting for 654.38+ of the total grain output in China.
13 commodity grain bases can be roughly divided into the following categories according to their conditions, characteristics, development potential and direction:
The first category is the original high-yield commodity grain bases in the south, including the Yangtze River Delta, Jianghan Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Dongting Lake Plain and Pearl River Delta. This base has a large population and few land, is located in the subtropical zone, has superior natural conditions, and has a long growing period of crops, which can be ripened for more than one year; It also has a long history of agriculture, abundant labor force, and a tradition of intensive cultivation. Farmland capital construction has a certain foundation, and production conditions such as water conservancy and chemical fertilizer are good. The grain output per hectare can generally reach 6000 kg ~ 8250 kg, which is about twice as high as the national average. The commodity rate of grain is 29%, and the commodity grain provided each year accounts for more than 60% of the national 13 base commodity grain. It is the most important commodity grain base in China and is known as the "rice warehouse". In the future, there is still great potential to further strengthen the construction and gradually improve the level of agricultural modernization, so as to promote the diversification of grain-based industries and increase the production of commodity grain.
The second category, the newly developed commodity grain base in Huaihe Plain, including northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui, is located in the south of Huanghuaihai Plain, with flat terrain, deep soil layer and good groundwater conditions. Also located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to north subtropical zone, the precipitation, heat and frost-free period are lower than those in Jiangnan and higher than those in the north of the Yellow River. They are important grain producing areas in China. Since the founding of New China, due to the improvement of soil and water conditions, the basic farmland has been expanded, and the grain yield per hectare has reached 4065 kg, and the commodity rate of grain is 19.6%. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen farmland capital construction centered on water control, continue to improve soil and fertilizer conditions, and improve the level of intensive cultivation, which will still have considerable potential for increasing grain production.
The third category is the northeast commodity grain base with low level and the greatest development potential, including Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, Central Jilin Plain and Central Liaoning Plain. Northeast China has a small population, high latitude and inferior heat conditions, so it can only be cooked once a year. The production conditions and original foundation are not as good as those in the first two regions. Agricultural management is extensive, and the grain output per hectare is still low, generally only 1.875 kg ~ 1.950 kg. However, the total grain output of many state-owned farms is very high, and the commodity rate of grain is as high as 35.2%. The amount of commodity grain provided to the country every year accounts for more than 0/5 of 13 commodity grain base. There are also a large number of wasteland suitable for agriculture, with great space for reclamation and expansion. In the future, we should vigorously strengthen farmland capital construction, improve the situation of water conservancy and fertilizer, improve the level of agricultural mechanization, improve farming techniques, and combine increasing grain yield per unit area with expanding land reclamation to gradually achieve stable and high grain yield. The potential of increasing production of commodity grain here will be second to none in all kinds of commodity grain bases.
The fourth category is the commodity grain base in the northwest arid area, including Hexi Corridor, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Hetao area. It goes deep inland, the annual precipitation is less than 250 mm, the climate is dry, the crop growth period is short, and it can only be harvested once a year. At present, the grain output in Hexi Corridor is moderate, and the commodity rate of grain is 27%. The grain yield in Hetao area of Ningxia is relatively high, with a grain yield of about 3750 kg per hectare and a grain commodity rate of 20%. Although there is a lot of land in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, the labor force is insufficient, the cultivation is extensive, the soil salinization and sandstorm are more harmful, the grain production level is low, and the commodity rate is about 22%. In the future, these areas have great potential to build water conservancy projects, transform saline-alkali land, expand irrigation area and increase grain production.
After reading this report, you will understand.
Northeast China, one of the largest commodity grain bases in China, will receive greater comprehensive technical support. The major innovation project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Agricultural Technology Integration and High-tech Research on Building a Stable Commodity Grain Base in Northeast China", passed the expert acceptance in Changchun on July 18.
Over the past three years, the scientific and technical personnel undertaking the project have obtained 24 technical achievements and published 82 papers, including 75 domestic core journals, 3 SCI papers 1, 3 monographs, 2 patent applications 1, 4 authorized patents1and 4 technology transfer.
According to the actual construction of northeast commodity grain base and the national agricultural development strategy, under the unified arrangement of 1999 knowledge innovation project, China Academy of Sciences took the former Changchun Institute of Geography as the responsible unit, and the former Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Huaying Changchun Institute jointly undertook this research.
This research has successively solved several key technical problems in regional agricultural development, such as "new technology research and advanced technology integration to improve comprehensive grain production capacity, application research of information agriculture technology for precision agriculture, research of new technologies and new products related to industrialization development, and research of agricultural structure advantages and sustainable development strategy in Northeast China", and achieved remarkable results in practical popularization and application. Among them, the transformation of CIS nursery nutrition base has an annual output of 654.38+0 billion tablets and an average annual profit and tax of 73.0438+0 million yuan; The rapid propagation technology of virus-free potato tissue culture seedlings produced 6.5438+0.3 million miniature potatoes, with an economic benefit of 390,000 yuan; Study on the improvement technology of soda saline-alkali land in Northeast China and the optimal utilization of water resources, the high-quality rice varieties with saline-alkali tolerance were popularized by 6.5438+0.45 million mu, the rice yield was increased by 8.09 million kg, and the economic benefit was increased by 8.495 million yuan; The saline-alkali saline leaching improvement technology was demonstrated and popularized for 28,000 mu, which increased the grain output by 2.26 million kg and improved the economic benefit 1.35 million yuan. Radiation popularized 45,000 mu of high-yield cultivation techniques of returning straw to fertile soil and special corn, which increased corn yield by 6,543,800 kg and economic benefit by 800,000 yuan. Efficient planting methods of crops in black soil area, application of chemical seed coating agent for soybeans, wood acid solution and fermented liquid of organic materials to soybeans, wood acid solution, technology for controlling soybean cyst nematode disease, application technology of herbicide for narrow row and close planting of soybeans, high-yield and high-quality soybean varieties (lines) and comprehensive management technology for degraded black soil were jointly promoted/kloc-0 1875 mu, and grain production was increased1mu. Wait a minute.
The research has also trained a research team with young people under 40 as the main body, which has reserved abundant human resources for further building a stable commodity grain base in Northeast China.