Question 2: Auricularia auricula is most suitable for planting Auricularia auricula in that area and the south. Auricularia auricula is suitable for most parts of Northeast China, close to the origin of raw materials, with large temperature difference between day and night, preferably in Changbai Mountain area and large and small Xing 'an Mountains forest area.
Question 3: What materials, strains and wood are needed for auricularia auricula cultivation? The important thing is that the strains are very mixed! But it needs technology!
Question 4: Is a place where auricularia auricula is planted for a long time suitable for planting mushrooms again, as long as the environment is disinfected and sterilized. It is entirely possible to grow mushrooms.
Question 5: Planting Auricularia auricula and cultivating the variety of 1, which tree is good?
There are about 120 kinds of trees that can grow auricularia auricula. Choosing a good tree species must be considered according to the local resource conditions. Among many tree species, except pine, cypress, fir and camphor, which contain rosin, essential oil, alcohols, ethers and aromatic substances, most broad-leaved tree species can be used for cultivation. Auricularia auricula is commonly cultivated in oak, birch, poplar, willow, elm, pear, apricot, apple, locust, mulberry and French phoenix tree.
When selecting trees, we should also consider the age, thickness, material, slope direction, growing soil and other factors. Tree species with loose wood have good water absorption and air permeability, and have short ears after inoculation. Tree species with hard wood have poor ventilation and water absorption and are not easy to plant after inoculation. If it can be planted, it will appear late and grow slowly, but it will take a long time to ear. If the tree is young, the bark is thin and the ear production period is short; If the tree is too old and lacks nutrition, it will grow slowly. Generally, it should be about 8 ~ 10 years, and the thickness is about 5 ~ l0 cm. At the same time, the tree species growing in fertile soil and sunny slopes are rich in nutrition, grow fast, have large sapwood, small heartwood and small pine, and the cultivated auricularia auricula has large flowers, thick meat and high yield. Therefore, when choosing trees, we should consider them comprehensively according to the actual situation.
2 farming techniques
1. There are currently two specifications of plastic bags, namely, high-pressure polyethylene plastic bags (ethylene bags for short) and low-pressure polypropylene plastic bags (propylene bags for short). Cut the vinyl bag into 40-45cm long open bags with width15cm and length1-1.5cm.. Both ends can be inoculated during inoculation, which is beneficial to the growth of fungi. The size of the propylene bag is 17 cm wide, 33 cm long and 0.04 cm thick. This bag is divided into ordinary bag and corner bag. Auricularia auricula cultivation should adopt ethylene bag or corner bag. 2. Cultivation raw materials Cultivation raw materials are divided into main raw materials (referred to as main materials) and auxiliary raw materials (referred to as auxiliary materials). The main ingredients are: cottonseed hull, straw, bagasse, sawdust, waste cotton residue, corn cob, corn stalk, sorghum stalk, bean stalk, cotton stalk and so on. Auxiliary materials include: fine rice bran, wheat bran, corn flour, soybean powder, gypsum powder, lime powder, calcium superphosphate, sugar, urea, calcium nitrate, vitamins, etc. 3. Treatment method of cultivation raw materials Because the surface of straw is waxy and the mycelium of auricularia auricula cannot be absorbed, it should be treated. Treatment method: cut the straw into 5cm long segments, soak it in 2% lime water solution for 8-12h, take it out after softening, filter it to remove excess water, or break it into straw fragments. Bagasse needs to be dried and destroyed. Corn cob, corn stalk and bean stalk all need to be broken. Wood chips are required to be the miscellaneous wood chips of tree species suitable for the growth of auricularia auricula, and cannot be mixed with wood chips of pine trees, fir trees, camphor trees, nanmu trees and other trees. The above raw materials are required to be fully dried without mildew, caking and moth-eaten. 4. The formula of cultivation material (1) is sawdust culture medium 78%, wheat bran or washed rice bran 20%, gypsum powder 1%, and sugar 1%. (2) 78% cottonseed hull culture medium, 20% wheat bran or washed rice bran, 65438 0% gypsum powder and 65438 0% sugar. (3) Rice straw culture medium 50%, sawdust 30%, wheat bran or fine rice bran 18%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%. (4) 50% cottonseed hull and rice straw culture medium, 30% rice straw, wheat bran or fine rice bran 18%, gypsum powder 1%, and sugar 1%. (5) Bagasse culture medium 78%, wheat bran or fine rice bran 20%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%. The above formula can be selected at will according to the local source of raw materials. 5, mixing, bagging (1) mixing can use mechanical mixing or manual mixing. Pay attention to the following points when mixing materials. (1) raw materials should be screened, and the upper part of the screen should be screened to avoid puncturing the plastic bag. (2) The raw materials should be mixed evenly. In order to mix the raw materials evenly, the ingredients are dry mixed twice before adding water. Sugar, lime powder, urea, calcium nitrate, etc. Easily soluble in water and sprayed in culture materials. (3) master the humidity of the culture material. The water content of the mycelium growth medium of Auricularia auricula should be about 55%. Don't add too much water at a time, add it in 2-3 times. The humidity of the culture materials produced in spring is slightly lower than 55% and slightly higher than 55% in autumn. After mixing the materials, knead the culture materials by hand until the culture materials agglomerate, water plants appear between fingers and anhydrous plants fall off. (2) Bagging bags can be bagged mechanically or manually. Bagging can be done layer by layer and squeezed layer by layer. After packaging, tie the bag mouth tightly with cotton thread or fiber rope, or seal it with plastic bag cuffs and cotton plugs. Pay attention to the following points when bagging: (1) Check the bags first to ensure that they are not uneven and uniform in thickness. Packaged bags should be handled with care and stacked neatly to avoid damaging materials ... >>
Question 6: Where can I learn how to grow auricularia auricula? There are many books and materials on it. However, you will never learn these things. Because the cultivation of auricularia auricula is also an empirical science. I suggest you go to the place between Huangsongdian Town of Jiaohe River and Huangnihe Town of Dunhua. This generation all grows auricularia auricula, which has high output value and good varieties. The annual income of each household can reach 654.38+10,000 yuan. Take a good look at the planting environment here. If it suits your own conditions, it is also convenient to go directly to get seeds and inquire about sales channels.
Question 7: Where is the largest auricularia auricula planting base in China? China's largest auricularia auricula production base will be built in Gansu.
Recently, Zhangye, Gansu Province signed a cooperation agreement with Chaoyang Edible Fungi Research Institute, Liaoning Province, and strived to establish a production base of 200,000 mu of auricularia auricula in plastic bags in Zhangye within five years.
Liaoning Chaoyang Edible Fungi Research Institute used corncob, cottonseed hull and sawdust as raw materials to imitate the growth of wild auricularia auricula, and planted plastic bags to hold auricularia auricula on the back of orchards, crop rows and solar greenhouses. 1994 was listed as "Spark Plan" and "August 7th Poverty Alleviation Plan" by the State Science and Technology Commission, and its products were sold to more than 20 countries and regions. During the spring sowing this year, 82,000 bags were planted in orchards, fields and courtyards of 23 farmers in local villages such as Shilibao, Dangzhai and Xindun in Zhangye, Gansu Province, all of which were successful, with an yield of 250 kilograms per mu and an income of 1 10,000 yuan. Zhangye region has decided to develop 200,000 mu of Auricularia auricula from this autumn to 2005, including 2000/kloc-0.2 million mu and 2003/kloc-0.0 million mu.
The above information comes from Baidu.
Question 8: Where can I learn to grow agaric?
Cultural conditions
Auricularia auricula belongs to saprophytic mesophilic fungi. Mycelia can grow at 6 ~ 36℃, but 22 ~ 32℃ is the most suitable. 15 ~ 27℃ can differentiate into solid, but 20 ~ 24℃ is the most suitable. Lushi County, Henan Province takes Lushi Auricularia auricula as its geographical protection product because of its good natural environment. Mycelia can grow in culture medium and sawdust with water content of 60% ~ 70%. When fruiting body is formed, the water content of Auricularia auricula is above 70% and the relative humidity of air is 90% ~ 95%. Mycelia can grow normally in the dark, and the light intensity of 250 ~ 1000 LX is needed in the growth period of fruiting body. For aerobic fungi, pH 5 ~ 5.6 is the most suitable. There are many cultivation methods of auricularia auricula, such as wood cultivation and plastic bag cultivation.
Basswood cultivation
Artificial cultivation of Auricularia auricula originated in China around 600 AD, and it is the earliest cultivated edible fungus variety in the world, with a history of 1400 years. In the Tang Dynasty, the villagers in Daba Mountain, Micang Mountain and Longmen Mountain in northern Sichuan all used the method of "cutting flowers with logs" to grow auricularia. This primitive planting method lasted for thousands of years. In Qing Dynasty, auricularia auricula was also planted in Changbai Mountain in Northeast China and Funiu Mountain in Henan Province. When deciduous trees are cut down for three or nine days in winter, auricularia auricula spores naturally reproduce. The output is extremely low. From 65438 to 0955, Chinese scientific and technological workers began to cultivate solid pure strains of Auricularia auricula, and invented the drilling inoculation method of basswood, which greatly improved the yield of Auricularia auricula cultivated in wood segments. But after two or three years to complete a cycle, the absolute output is still not high. Each high-quality wood segment with a length of 1m and a diameter of 10 ~ 13cm only produces Auricularia auricula100 ~150g in three years, and the yield is often reduced due to natural disasters. So far, this method has only been popularized in a few ear farmers in forest areas.
Plastic bag ground planting
This technology has changed the history of producing auricularia auricula with wood, and made auricularia auricula cultivation move from forest area to field. Auricularia auricula planted in plastic bags are made of sawdust and straw, and packed in plastic bags, each bag contains 0.5 kg of dry materials. After sterilization, inoculation and bacterial culture, it is placed in fields and orchards. The technology of cultivating Auricularia auricula in plastic bags has greatly expanded the cultivation raw materials and area of Auricularia auricula, greatly shortened the production cycle, returned to the natural cultivation mode, and realized natural pollution-free, which is more conducive to large-scale, mechanized and standardized production and has broad development prospects. The cultivation of auricularia auricula in plastic bags was successfully invented by Chaoyang Edible Fungi Research Institute of Liaoning Province. 1994 was listed as "national key promotion plan of scientific and technological achievements" and "eighth seven-year poverty alleviation plan", and two national invention patents were obtained in the same year (ZL 94 1 1092). 8; ZL94110204.5) won the "Top Ten Excellent Scientific and Technological Achievements in the National Edible Fungi Industry" in 2000, and won the awards and support from the World Bank, the State Council Poverty Alleviation and Development Group and the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2006. The cultivation of auricularia auricula in plastic bags conforms to the life habit of auricularia auricula "cold, hot, dry, wet and dry" in the way of "coming from nature and returning to nature", and has become the mainstream of auricularia auricula cultivation with high success rate, high yield and good quality.
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Question 9: How to grow auricularia auricula 1. Culture time and preparation of culture materials
1. The cultivation time of auricularia auricula from inoculation to fruiting is 45-55 days, and the production cycle is 100- 120 days, which is 50%-60% shorter than the original production time. The original 1 season was changed to spring and autumn. Inoculate in autumn from August to September, and the fruiting body grows in June 10 ~ 1 1, but avoid high temperature; The temperature is low in early spring and can be adjusted by heating. The optimum temperatures for mycelium growth and fruiting body growth of Auricularia auricula were 22 ~ 30℃ and 20 ~ 25℃, respectively.
2. The formula of culture medium should be adapted to local conditions.
First: sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%, urea 0.4%, water 1: (1 ~ 1.3), water/kloc-0.
Second: cottonseed hull 80%, wheat husk 18%, gypsum powder 2%, lime 0.3%, and the feed-water ratio1:(1.2 ~1.3).
Third: 66% of rice straw, 32% of rice bran, gypsum powder 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, and the water consumption per 100kg of rice straw is 130 ~ 160kg.
Fourthly, 50% corncob, 28% cottonseed hull, 20% wheat husk, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%, and the feed-water ratio1:(1.2 ~1.3).
When preparing the culture medium, the water content should be controlled within 60%, and it is advisable to hold it in Marie Laure Gigon. The water content of rice straw and bagasse as raw materials is based on the water line between fingers and no dripping water.
Secondly, bagging sterilization and indoor fungal growth.
1. Low-pressure polyethylene and polypropylene plastic film bags are used for cultivation bags. Specification: bag mouth width 12cm, length 50cm. Per 100kg of raw materials 1kg of plastic bags.
The package should be firm, with 4 ~ 6 inoculation holes punched on the surface of the bag, with a width of 1.5cm and a depth of 2cm, and sealed with adhesive tape. After bagging, put it into an atmospheric sterilization pot, keep it at 10 ~ 12h at 100℃, and then inoculate it when it is cooled to 22℃ to select excellent and high-yield strains.
2. After inoculation, the bacteria grow indoors for 4-5 days, and the room temperature should be 25-28℃, not exceeding 32℃. After the sixth day, drain the bag, cover the doors and windows with gauze to prevent direct glare, pay attention to ventilation, and the indoor relative humidity is 75%. After 20 days of culture, the mycelium grew into a circle in the bag. When the diameter is 8 ~ 10 cm, leave a small gap on the adhesive tape, let it ventilate and increase oxygen, and accelerate the growth of mycelium. After 40 days, the adhesive tape was peeled off at room temperature of 20 ~ 23℃ and relative humidity of 80%.
3. Ear culture tube and harvest processing
1. Pei Guan
When hyphae grow all over the bag, add ear holes around the bag, which can be punched with a 0.5 cm belt, and punch a number of ear holes in a zigzag shape at the interval of 5-6 cm on the bag surface, or punch 1-2 cm holes around the bag with a blade at the interval of 5 cm ×5 cm in a zigzag shape.
Auricularia auricula was cultivated indoors. Five pieces were pulled on the bedstead with 10 iron wire, with the spacing of each layer being 20cm, and hung with "S" hooks, with the spacing of bags being 8 ~ 10 cm.
Cultivate auricularia auricula on the ground, arrange the ground into a bed, set up a bag rack, stand in the open air, set up a simple shade straw shed, cover it with plastic film, and keep warm and moist.
2. The signs of maturity of the harvested auricularia auricula are: the ear color turns pale, stretching becomes soft, the meat quality is thick, the ear roots contract, and white spore powder is produced on the ventral surface. When the ear is ripe, it can be harvested. If the color is dark brown, the ear piece is rolled in, elastic, and the handle is flat and wide, indicating that the fungus is growing.
Stop spraying water 1 ~ 2 times before harvesting, so that the ear slices are slightly dry, the surface water content is reduced, and it is not easy to break when picking, which is beneficial to drying. After harvesting, the remaining spike roots can be cut off with a sharp knife to remove the surface aging hyphae, so that the hyphae can regenerate and form primordium.
After picking, auricularia auricula should be spread on the drying mat in time and exposed to the hot sun for 1 ~ 2 days. It is not advisable to turn it over, so as to avoid cracking and curling of the ear piece and reduce the grade. It should be dried at 40℃ in rainy days to ensure quality and quantity and increase economic benefits.
Question 10: How to plant Auricularia auricula needs a slightly humid environment to adapt to the growth environment of fungi; Buy suitable sawdust and have a big place to dry; If there is enough space, 50 thousand yuan can be planted on a small scale, and the market price of strains and the price of hired manpower should also be considered.