(1) Sandy soil: generally, the particles are dispersed, the soil is loose, and the aeration capacity is strong, but it lacks organic matter, with large evaporation and low water retention performance. According to these characteristics, we can arrange to plant Glehnia littoralis, Miruo and Vaccaria vaccaria.
(2) Thin and heavy soil: generally lack of organic matter, blocking adhesion, poor permeability, muddy when wet, and hardened when dry. This kind of soil is best not suitable for planting medicinal materials. After improvement, we can consider planting some deep-rooted tree medicinal materials, such as Cortex Phellodendri, Cortex Eucommiae, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis and Flos Magnoliae.
(3) Low-lying saline-alkali land: The salt content is high, and the acid-base reaction is above pH 7. 5. For this kind of soil, it is necessary to dig deep into the sun, apply more organic fertilizer, increase the irrigation and drainage capacity and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. It is most suitable for planting Jiansi, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Huang Mao, Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, etc.
(4) Humus soil: the soil is deep, loose and fertile, contains a lot of organic matter, has good physical and chemical properties, and also retains water and fertilizer. This soil is suitable for the growth of various plants, and can arrange the planting of medicinal materials such as Radix Platycodi, Radix Isatidis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Belamcandae and Caulis Sargentodoxae. It is also suitable for the cultivation of woody medicinal materials.
Crops suitable for planting on sandy soil
You can plant some crops that like sandy soil, need less water and are drought-tolerant, such as peanuts, soybeans, fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicines. Or take measures such as soil improvement and water-saving irrigation to produce other crops.
Method for planting peanuts on sandy soil
1. Land leveling
Peanut is a cash crop, which blooms on the ground, forms fruit needles, and then burrows into the ground to bear fruit. Suitable for planting on loose sandy soil and oily sandy soil. Plots planted with peanuts should be deeply ploughed, and 30-40 tons of high-quality farmyard manure should be applied per hectare in combination with ploughing, and the ploughing should be suppressed 1-2 times. Where conditions permit, irrigation can be carried out first, and then the mixture of agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be applied into ridges and ditches to suppress ridging and prepare for timely sowing. Note that peanuts like stubble, and it is not advisable to repeat stubble and stubble. The better previous crops are corn, millet and sorghum.
2. Cultivated varieties
The high yield of peanuts is based on improved varieties. Peanut varieties suitable for planting in this area mainly include Hua Fu series varieties and Jifu series varieties (commonly known as Silihong). The growth period is about 1 10- 120 days. Choose pods with large, full, orderly and undamaged fruits as seeds. Before hulling, it should be aired for 1-3 days, and after hulling, it should be further selected, and the seeds with pure color and neat shape should be selected as seeds.
3. Scientific fertilization
Peanuts are more barren-tolerant, and the fertilization should be based on base fertilizer, with 30 tons of farmyard manure applied per hectare; The fertilizer should be mainly phosphate fertilizer, and 300-400 kilograms of diammonium phosphate should be applied per hectare. Planting peanuts on barren land will increase urea by 200-300 kg per hectare.
Layered fertilization: before sowing, the fertilizer is divided into two layers: base fertilizer and seed fertilizer.
Fractional fertilization: The main available nitrogen fertilizer is the fractional fertilization technology combining base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing. The available nitrogen fertilizer should be based on base fertilizer and seed fertilizer, and a certain amount of urea or other fertilizers should be topdressing in time if fertilization occurs during growth.
Deep application: base fertilizer should be applied to 8- 10 cm below the seeds, seed fertilizer should be applied to 3-5 cm below the seeds, and the depth of topdressing should be above 10 cm.
In order to increase production and income, it is suggested to apply peanut special fertilizer with qualified quality, and the application amount and method should be applied according to the instructions. If self-fertilizing, 200-300 kg of urea, 300-400 kg of diammonium phosphate and 0/00-/0/50 kg of potassium sulfate can be applied per hectare.
4. Timely sowing and reasonable close planting.
The suitable sowing date of peanuts in this area is early and middle May, and the specific sowing date depends on the weather. The principle is as follows: as long as the surface soil temperature of 5 cm stably passes through 12℃, peanuts can be planted, with 3-4 seeds per square yard, covered with 3-5 cm thick soil and trampled; The second is to plant on demand. If the soil moisture is insufficient, the plant must sit in the water. When sowing with water, it is necessary to wait until the water is completely infiltrated before fertilizing, sowing and covering the soil.
Peanut seeds should be soaked in warm water for 3-4 hours before sowing and kept moist. Seeds should be kept at 20-25℃ to germinate. After a day and a night, the seeds should be sown on wet soil to prevent the buds from drying out. Seeds that accelerate germination should be sown at any time, and it is not advisable to stay overnight, so as to avoid the buds being too long and damaging the germ. Generally speaking, peanuts should be fat and thin, thin and dense; The suitable planting density in this area is 654.38+0.5-0.2 million/hectare, and the suitable planting density of each plot should be determined according to soil fertility and density tolerance of varieties.
5. Field management of peanuts
Replanting and interplanting: from late May to early June, we should investigate the seedling situation as soon as possible and replant the fields that obviously lack seedlings as soon as possible. The method of accelerating germination and watering sowing can be used to replenish seedlings, and the interplanting and seedling fixing work can be completed.
Clear the tree and squat down the seedlings: when the peanuts are all seedlings, dig a circle of soil around the seedlings with your small hands, and then gently pull out the two leaves from the ground with your hands. Generally, seedling cleaning and squatting are carried out three days after the first shovel transportation.
Shovel in time: shovel after the seedlings are unearthed, and shovel for the first time after three days. /kloc-shovel twice after 0/5-20 days, and be careful not to crush the seedlings. After flowering, shovel three times. When harvesting the ridge, visit the square head ridge to facilitate the fruit needles to penetrate into the soil. At the same time, we should pay attention to pulling out the big grass.
top application
During the period of pod setting and full fruit, fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (suitable concentration is 0.3%) and plant growth regulators such as Lufeng 95 can be sprayed on the leaves according to the growth situation to promote seed formation.
7. Pest control
The common disease is Fusarium wilt (also known as bacterial wilt and root rot), and the main symptoms are withered leaves, dark brown roots and stems; Peanut diseases include leaf spot, anthracnose and angular spot. Alternating control with carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb can effectively control Fusarium wilt and leaf spot, and 200 times 70% barium polysulfide wettable powder can also be sprayed.
Peanut pests include red spiders, aphids and underground pests. The preferred pesticide for red spider and aphid is 150-200 times 70% barium polysulfide wettable powder; Dimethoate, imidacloprid and pyrethroid pesticides (such as Laifuling) can also be used for timely control, and the specific application method should be strictly in accordance with the instructions. Underground pests can be mixed with 50% phoxim EC 1 kg, 50 kg water and 300 kg dry soil. When sowing, toxic soil per mu 15 kg.
8. Timely harvest
When the leaves of peanuts turn yellow and some stems and leaves dry, they can be harvested, usually in mid-September. After harvest, it is necessary to dry in the sun to prevent rain, promote after-ripening and improve the maturity of seeds. Peanuts should be harvested and dried before frost.
Is sandy soil suitable for growing meat?
Sand plays an important role in raising more meat. For example, some flower lovers will mix a certain proportion of sand into the medium to meet the needs of water permeability and air permeability of the medium, and some flower lovers will cut it directly with pure sand, and the effect is still very good, but sand also has its own shortcomings.
The biggest disadvantage of sand is that water evaporates quickly. If it is normally maintained on the balcony, the water in the sand will easily evaporate, and it will not keep enough water, which will easily lead to the withering of the meat. Therefore, we need to use it flexibly and raise more meat with sand, such as:
1, if you use pure sand to raise more meat, you must pay attention to the evaporation of water and remember to replenish water in time (you can use the method of soaking basin to replenish water, if you water it normally, the sand will gradually become dense).
2. If sand is used as a mixed medium, the proportion is relatively loose, more or less, which can be adjusted according to your local climate. For example, in the north, because the weather is dry, the water can't be preserved, so the sand can be less. If the air humidity in the south is high, there can be more sand, which is beneficial to volatilization and will not accumulate water.
Growth habit
Succulents like cool semi-shady environment, and the main growing season is in spring and autumn, so they are the "middle" varieties of succulents. Drought-resistant, not cold-resistant, avoid high temperature and humidity and sun exposure, fear of shade, but also fear of soil water accumulation. Sufficient light should be given during the growing period. If it is shaded too much, the plant shape will be loose and compact, the leaves will be slender and the transparency of the "window" will be poor. If the light is too strong, the leaves will not grow well, showing a faint reddish brown color, and sometimes strong direct sunlight will burn the leaves and leave ugly spots. Plants growing in the shade will have plump leaves and high transparency.
During the growing period, we should master "Don't dry it, but pour it thoroughly", avoid water accumulation, and don't rain, especially for a long time. These are all to avoid rotten roots. But it is not suitable for long-term drought, otherwise the plants will not die, but the leaves will wither, and the leaves will be dull and lack vitality. Yulu likes an environment with a certain air humidity. When the air is dry, you can often spray water on plants and the surrounding environment to increase the humidity of the air. In the growing season, plants can also be covered with transparent colorless beverage bottles with the upper part cut off to make them grow in a humid environment, which can make the leaves full and the "window" more transparent. However, in the hot summer, the beverage bottle must be removed to avoid boredom, and the flower scape should not be cut with scissors, but should be pulled out by hand to avoid residual pedicels between leaves, which will adversely affect the growth of new leaves in the future.
What should we pay attention to when fertilizing sandy soil?
Sandy soil is characterized by low organic matter content, poor ability to retain fertilizer and water, fast fertilizer efficiency, but insufficient stamina.
Pay attention to the following points when fertilizing:
1, the one-time fertilization amount should not be too large (especially nitrogen fertilizer), so as not to cause fertilizer damage or serious loss.
3. Cover the orchard with grass, apply semi-rotten organic fertilizer as far as possible, and do not advocate using raw grass.
4. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium account for 30%-50% of the annual application in basic application. The remaining doses should be applied evenly at different growth stages.
2, sand fertilization, to apply more organic fertilizer, try to do a small amount of chemical fertilizer for many times.
5. Micro-fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied together. Lamla special fertilizer can be selected, because fruit trees planted in sandy land are easy to lack boron, zinc, magnesium and other elements, and these elements are easy to be lost or cause local poisoning when applied alone.
6. Topdressing outside the root is suitable.