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Harvard document marking system; CMS: Chicago
guidebook
about
Chicago writing and document marking system; American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association)
Style: American style
psychological
American Psychological Association Association for Writing and Document Marking Methods; AMA: Americans
medical
American medical association document marking system association; Modern Linguistics Society's Writing and Document Marking System. But the first two are the most commonly used. Let's talk about the annotation format of Harvard literature today!
Harvard document annotation system originated in the United States. After decades of development, it has become an international academic norm, with the characteristics of flexibility, conciseness and clarity, which is more convenient for authors and readers. Also known as the author's date method, every citation, whether direct or indirect, should be marked in two places-the citation in the text and the bibliography at the end of the whole book or full text.
1. Review the references in this paper. When the author's name appears naturally in the sentence, give the author's surname and publication year, and put the publication year in brackets; When the author's name does not appear naturally in the sentence, the surname and publication year are put in brackets; The cited author has published more than two books or two Furnace Temperatures in the same year, which are distinguished by lowercase letters abc and placed after the year; If there are two authors in the cited works, the surnames of the two authors should be given at the same time.
2. Add bibliographic notes after the book (text). All the bibliographies are arranged in alphabetical order by author's name. If an author has many books, they are arranged in chronological order. If an author publishes many books or papers in a year, he will distinguish them by adding lowercase letters abc after the year. The advantages of this arrangement are: there is only one alphabetical bibliography, which is convenient for readers to consult; Footnotes are not required for the whole document; Easy to modify, even if you want to delete or add comments at the last minute, you can add or delete them at any time without reordering; Each annotation appears only once in the bibliography, no matter how many times it is quoted in the text.