The symptom of dizziness during menstruation is anemia! Anemia refers to the reduction of the total number of red blood cells in the systemic circulation to below the normal value. However, because the measurement technology of the total amount of red blood cells in the systemic circulation blood is relatively complex, clinically it generally means that the concentration of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood is lower than the normal standards for the patient's same age group, same gender and same region. Domestic normal standards are slightly lower than foreign standards. In coastal and plain areas, if the hemoglobin of adult men is less than 12.5g/dl and the hemoglobin of adult women is less than 11.0g/dl, they can be considered to have anemia. The normal hemoglobin value of children under 12 years old is about 15% lower than that of adult men. There is no significant difference between boys and girls. Areas with higher altitudes are generally higher. The decrease in red blood cell count in patients with anemia is generally proportional to the decrease in hemoglobin concentration. However, the decrease in red blood cell count in microcytic hypochromic anemia is relatively less than the decrease in hemoglobin, so that the red blood cell count may not be lower than normal when the anemia is mild. In contrast, in macrocytic anemia, the hemoglobin concentration is relatively high and the red blood cell count is low. When the total blood volume has not returned to normal after water loss, water retention, or acute massive blood loss, the hemoglobin concentration cannot accurately reflect the true degree of anemia, so the impact of these factors on anemia must be considered clinically. In addition, during acute massive intravascular hemolysis, the plasma contains a higher concentration of free hemoglobin, and the hemoglobin measurement result is higher than the actual degree of anemia. In this particular case, the hematocrit and red blood cell count are more reflective of the degree of anemia. "Anemia" means that the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin content per unit volume of blood is lower than normal. The normal adult hemoglobin amount is 12-16 g/100 ml for men and 11-15 g/100 ml for women; the number of red blood cells is 4-5.5 million/cubic millimeter for men and 3.5-5 million/cubic millimeter for women. Anything lower than the above indicators is anemia. The clinical manifestations are pale complexion, accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath. There are many causes of anemia: iron deficiency, bleeding, hemolysis, hematopoietic dysfunction, etc. Generally, a diet rich in nutrients, high in calories, high in protein, multivitamins, and rich in inorganic salts should be given to help restore hematopoietic function. Avoid overexertion and ensure enough sleep. The specific classification is as follows: 1. "Iron deficiency anemia", anemia caused by iron deficiency that affects hemoglobin synthesis, is seen in malnutrition, large amounts of small bleeding during growth and hookworm disease; women are more likely to suffer from iron deficiency Anemia is caused by a woman's regular loss of blood every month during her menstrual period. So on average, about 20% of women and 50% of pregnant women are anemic. If the anemia is not very serious, there is no need to take various supplements. The symptoms of anemia can be changed by adjusting the diet. For example, you must first pay attention to your diet and take a balanced intake of iron-rich foods such as liver, egg yolks, and cereals. If the iron intake in the diet is insufficient or the iron deficiency is severe, iron supplements should be taken immediately. Vitamin C can help absorb iron and help produce heme, so the intake of vitamin C must be sufficient. Secondly, eat more fresh vegetables. Many vegetables are rich in iron. Such as black fungus, seaweed, nostoc, shepherd's purse, black sesame, lotus root powder, etc. 2. "Hemorrhagic anemia"; caused by acute massive bleeding (such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, esophageal variceal rupture or trauma, etc.) 3. "Hemolytic anemia", anemia caused by excessive destruction of red blood cells, but Less common; often accompanied by jaundice, called "hemolytic jaundice"; 4. "Megaloblastic anemia", anemia caused by a lack of red blood cell maturation factors, megaloblastic anemia caused by a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12, and more Seen in long-term malnutrition in infants and pregnant women; megaloblastic anemia refers to a type of anemia in which a large number of megaloblastic cells appear in the bone marrow. Megablasts are actually stages of immature red blood cells that are morphologically and functionally abnormal. The formation of this megablast is the result of a defect in DNA synthesis, with nuclear development and maturation lagging behind that of the hemoglobin-containing cytoplasm. Various tissue cells in the body are affected by defects in DNA synthesis, but hematopoietic tissue is the most severely affected, especially erythroid cells. Granulocytes and megakaryocytes also have morphological changes and a decrease in the number of mature cells. Megaloblastic cells include protomegaloblasts, promegaloblasts, mesomegaloblasts and immature red blood cells at different stages of development. These megaloblastic cells are larger than the corresponding normal erythrocytes, and the proportion of plasma and nucleus is slightly higher than normal.
After Wright's staining, the cytoplasm of protomegaloblasts was dark blue, without granules, and there was a lightly stained ring around the nucleus; the nuclei were round and stained purple, and the most striking feature was that the chromatin was granular and separated from each other. , the separation is relatively translucent, and sometimes there are small pieces of chromatin separated from each other around the nucleus, forming a so-called "clock face" state; the nucleolus is larger and blue. As cells mature, chromatin maintains its granular structure and is less likely to form darkly stained, condensed masses. Sometimes megaloblastic anemia is mild, and the morphology of the megaloblastic cells is often atypical, called megaloblastic-like. The vast majority of megaloblastic anemia is caused by folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency, but there are a small number of exceptions, such as megaloblastic hyperplasia, erythroleukemia and erythroblastosis caused by antimetabolite drugs, and sideroblastic anemia. Increased blastema, hereditary orotic aciduria, etc. Regardless of the cause, the morphology of the megablasts is the same. With appropriate treatment, these megablasts can quickly turn into normal immature red blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia may cause relative iron deficiency in the later stages of treatment, so attention should be paid to timely iron supplementation. 5. "Pernicious anemia", megaloblastic anemia lacking intrinsic factor 6. "Aplastic anemia". It is accompanied by achlorhydria and atrophy of the lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord, and the course of the disease is slow; anemia caused by hematopoietic dysfunction, aplastic anemia (AA, aplastic anemia for short), is caused by various causes of damage to bone marrow stem cells, hematopoietic microenvironment, and Changes in the immune mechanism lead to bone marrow hematopoietic failure, leading to a disease characterized by a decrease in whole blood cells (red blood cells, granulocytes, and platelets). The pathological change of aplastic anemia is mainly the fatification of red bone marrow, that is to say