In this sense, the penetration index of caliber bullets fired by AK-47 rifles can only be scored. Man-machine efficiency index: Take Russian AK47, German stG, British EM2, American M 16 and other first-generation armed rifles as examples. Compared with the third-generation armed assault rifles after the 1970s, the man-machine equipment of armed rifles has certain advantages in tactical utility and battlefield adaptability, but the mobility of armed rifles is obviously insufficient.
Caliber: mm Ammunition type: 1930 tokarev 25mm pistol, empty weight: theoretical firing rate: 600 rounds/min, combat firing rate: 100 rounds/min, magazine capacity: 20 rounds feet, range: 500m, muzzle velocity: 500m/s. According to the Soviet gun naming convention, this kind of gun is called 1942 Kalashnikov submachine gun. In fact, the submachine gun is the second submachine gun designed by Kalashnikov. The first submachine gun is the predecessor of this gun, but it has not been handed down. The submachine gun adopted the relatively mature working principle of semi-free gun at that time. The recoil speed of submachine gun is slowed down by the interaction of two pairs of screw components, namely bolt-rotary sleeve and rotary sleeve-screw tail pipe. This structure is quite unique and rare. When the moving parts recoil, the bolt moves along the axial direction of the shell, and the rotating sleeve rotates backward. Because the end of the bolt is embedded in the positioning groove at the end of the shell, the spiral tail pipe is fixed. While the rotating sleeve rotates along the spiral tail pipe, the rotating sleeve and the bolt also rotate together and gradually stagger. Due to the relative dislocation movement between the rotating sleeve and the locking bolt and the backward rotation movement of the rotating sleeve, the recoil speed of the locking bolt is reduced, thus prolonging the unlocking time. The gun adopts a needle translation firing mechanism. After firing, in the recoil process of the moving parts (bolt and rotating sleeve), the striker gets rid of the shackles of the striker and moves backward under the drive of the rotating sleeve, compressing the striker spring engaged behind the annular protrusion. It is worth mentioning that the firing spring also acts as the recoil spring of the bolt. The handle is located on the left side of the shell and is rigidly connected with the bolt. The launching mechanism is located in the lower shell, which can launch once or continuously. The flag speed crank is located on the left side of the lower shell, with safety and single engine launch (logo
It is "1") and continuous firing (marked "2"). In the safe state, the trigger is locked and cannot be pulled, so the bullet cannot be fired. In the state of single shot, the single shot rod is buckled with the notch below the bolt. When the trigger is pulled, a single lever squeezes the firing iron block, so that the rear part is lifted to release the firing pin, and the firing pin rapidly impacts the primer of the bullet forward under the action of the firing pin spring to fire the bullet. After firing, the recoil of the bolt squeezes the single-shot rod, which separates the single-shot rod from the resistor and trigger. When the bolt-making machine re-enters, the rear part of the blocking iron descends under the action of the spring, and is embedded in the notch of the bolt-making machine to hang the striking needle. At this time, the trigger must be released, and the single-shot lever must be locked with the iron block and trigger to prepare for the next launch. When the launching mechanism is switched to the continuous firing state, the continuous firing rod is locked with the stopper. Pull the trigger, repeatedly press the firing resistance with the lever to lower the front end, lift the rear end and release the firing pin to fire the bullet. In this state, as long as the trigger is pulled, the iron block will release the firing pin for continuous firing after the gun chamber is completely locked every time. The shelling mechanism is an elastic shelling hook, which is located in front of the bolt. The shell-throwing mechanism belongs to the rigid top shell assembly and is fixed on the shell. When the bolt is bounced back, the shell shell is pulled out of the gun bore by the pull-out hook and bounced back with the bolt. When the bottom of the shell collides with the shell sling tappet, it is thrown out of the shell sling window above the shell. The arc magazine is used for ammunition supply, and the magazine buckle is located in front of the trigger holder. The aiming device consists of a horizontally adjustable sight and a fan-shaped scale, and the range of the scale is 500m (in today's view, the shooting distance of 500m is unrealistic for submachine guns, and the range of the current submachine gun scale is almost 200m). The grip part consists of a front handle, a rear handle and a gun stock. The butt of the gun is made of metal material, which can be folded down and leaned against the left side of the shell, and its position is fixed by the combination pin of the gun body. The shoulder plate is reversible. When the butt stock is folded, it can be turned to a position parallel to the axis of the butt stock, and when the butt stock is opened, it automatically bounces back to a position perpendicular to the axis of the butt stock. The front and rear handles are all made of wood. The front handle is screwed under the barrel. The rear handle is located at the rear of the trigger holder, in which a retractable three-section through rod is installed. The head of the through rod has a broken wire structure, on which gun cleaning cloth can be wound. The gun barrel is made of thin-walled metal tube and fixed on the base of the sight. The structure is similar to the Soviet submachine gun at that time. There are many cooling holes on the side and the front end is inclined. There are holes on the left, right and top of the muzzle, which can restrain the muzzle from jumping up. Incomplete decomposition operation steps: 1, grab bamboo shoots according to the magazine and take out the magazine; 2. Open the safety, pull back the handle, and confirm that there are no bullets in the gun barrel; 3. Press the combination pin of the gun body, hold the back of the upper shell, push it back 5-7 mm and lift it again, and the upper and lower shell covers can be separated; 4. Take the bamboo shoots at the end of the spiral tail pipe out of the positioning groove on the end surface of the shell, and the robot parts will be separated from the shell; 5. Hold the bolt and rotate the needle and sleeve assembly to separate it from the bolt. The combination operations are performed in the reverse order. The ппк submachine gun, as a test sample gun, can't be specially designed for it. However, the parts of this gun are finely processed and the assembly clearance is properly adjusted, which shows that the experts in the firearms department of Moscow Aeronautical Institute who helped Kalashnikov process this sample gun appreciate and attach importance to him. After the Great Patriotic War began, Kalashnikov became a tank driver at the front line with the rank of sergeant. In a battle, he was seriously injured in the left shoulder and chest and was admitted to the military hospital in Yarobo. During the treatment, the wounded often chatted together, and many people complained that it was difficult for Soviet light weapons to suppress German submachine guns. Kalashnikov also deeply felt that the firepower of German submachine guns far exceeded that of Soviet weapons, so he decided to design a new submachine gun. He overcame the pain, took out the notebook, pencil and eraser used by primary school students, and began to draw the working principle diagram of weapon automaton, describing his imaginary submachine gun. In fact, during his service in the tank regiment, he did not use submachine guns himself, because submachine guns were not widely used by the Soviet Red Army in the early days of the Great Patriotic War. At that time, many soldiers used manual Mosin-Nagan rifles. Kalashnikov, who likes to study technology, borrowed some books about light weapons from the hospital library. Although he didn't learn sketching, he only drew some sketches at first, but by the time he left the hospital, his exercise book was full of sketches, assembly drawings and cross-sections of various parts designed for submachine guns. After leaving the hospital, he was allowed to rest for half a year. But in order to process the sample gun, he did not rest, but returned to the railway locomotive repair station where he worked before joining the army. With the help of a friend who knows a little about machining, he made his first submachine gun in a humble shed. It was the spring of 1942. Young Kalashnikov found Kazakhstan to join the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with this rough sample gun, and the secretary introduced him to the firearms department of Moscow Aeronautical Institute. With the help of technical experts in the firearms department, Kalashnikov revised the submachine gun scheme and remade the sample gun. This is the ппк submachine gun. After processing, the gun was sent to dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy for testing and evaluation. At the beginning of World War II, the Soviet Red Army successively used yeager-Galev submachine gun (ппд, commonly known as Popod, PPD34/38/40) and Shpagin submachine gun (ппщ, commonly known as Bobosha, PPSh-4 1), and accumulated a certain amount of use. According to these requirements, the military began to organize submachine gun selection tests at the end of February, 1942. At that time, the famous Soviet gun designers Jagalev, Shpagin and Sudayev all submitted sample guns. The winner of this selection is Sudayev submachine gun (ппс, commonly known as Popos, PPS-43) which was later feared by German fascists. Small batch production began in May of that year and was immediately sent to the army for use. After testing the ппк submachine gun, dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy thinks that the structure of the gun is slightly complicated, and its performance is not obviously superior to the newly selected Sudayev submachine gun, so it is not recommended to the army. At that time, under the harsh conditions of the German siege of Leningrad, a large number of Sudayev submachine guns with stamping parts were recognized by the military, and its low cost should be one of the important reasons. However, the automatic machine consisting of the upper and lower boxes of the ппк submachine gun and two sets of spiral components is complex in technology, which is obviously a big deficiency. ппк submachine gun can be regarded as the first gun successfully designed by Kalashnikov. In the internal structure, the gun is very different from the submachine gun equipped by the participating countries at that time. Kalashnikov first demonstrated his design talent on this gun. Although this gun was not adopted in the end, it attracted the attention of Lieutenant General Blagonravov, then the authority of Soviet infantry weapons and then the president of dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy. He appreciated this original submachine gun very much, and paid more attention to Kalashnikov's creative talent. With his help, Kalashnikov was sent to a regular school in 1943 for formal technical training. After graduation, he was assigned to the 20th weapon test base as a technician, during which he participated in the improvement of heavy machine guns in Gorjunov. Blagonravov's admiration for the ппк submachine gun strengthened the young Kalashnikov's confidence in designing new guns and continued to advance on the road of gun design innovation. 1943 designed a mm light machine gun and participated in the design and selection of light machine guns organized by the military. The winner of this selection is the рпд (RPD) light machine gun designed by Jaegelev, which was officially equipped with Soviet troops after World War II. 1947, Kalashnikov designed a 9mm submachine gun (now in the Military History Museum of Russian Artillery Corps, Engineering Corps and Signal Corps). However, since the Soviet Union almost paid attention to automatic rifles after l944, they thought that automatic rifles already contained the tactical functions of submachine guns, so it was unnecessary to develop submachine guns, and even submachine guns withdrew from the military equipment system after the war. So the fate of this gun can be imagined. However, in these design explorations, Kalashnikov's design ideas gradually matured and his technical level gradually improved. Finally, he designed AK series rifles that have a far-reaching impact on the development of light weapons in the world.