Question 2: How to treat "straw" as garbage after harvest in developed countries; In waste utilization, we can't just consider the benefits of recycling; Will not cause secondary pollution. This is easy to say; But the cost is extremely high) only developed areas in North America or Europe can do this-'the understanding of developed countries is that' straw' can be directly fed to livestock; Or as follows: 1. Extracting bio-oil from corn stalks or other crop stalks; This is easy to say; It's hard to do (Founder China is not very popular; But now energy is in short supply; "Like the United States, let alone corn stalks; Do not sell corn; Direct extraction of bio-oil. This also directly caused the world food crisis) Second, it was transported to a special "fertilizer plant or paper mill" (often causing secondary pollution; This problem is obvious in China) 3. Processed into "straw" as fuel gas (which gasifiers have appeared in China in recent years; Care should be taken when burning the furnace; This technology has not been popularized in China) but the most common is environmental protection and convenience; Straw into "biogas" and other processing. Need to be supplemented in detail; That's all I thought of for the time being-_-'
Question 3: Do Americans also burn wheat straw? What will they do if they don't burn it? Hello, I can tell you that only a small part of them will be used and the rest will be burned, but they will be burned in one place and hope to be adopted.
Question 4: How to deal with the foreign corn stalks is only to achieve one goal: childhood frolicking has returned to the side, and the memory of flying kites has inserted wings.
Beautiful day, real day, see how I change!
Bitter carnations are clustered on the roadside.
Silence and space. There are so many now.
It is waiting for the rainbow to appear. Ha ha laugh
Question 5: 20 15. How to deal with corn stalks? Corn stalks can be processed into feed after being expanded.
Question 6: How to deal with wheat straw abroad? I answered the American treatment:
1. Overview of Biomass Energy in the United States (1) Biomass mainly refers to various plants in nature, which convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis and are contained in organic bodies. Biomass energy (or bioenergy) refers to a form of energy that can be used in daily life by biorefinery with biomass as raw material, mainly including ethanol, biodiesel and bioelectricity. According to the statistics of us energy information administration (EIA), since 2000, the biomass energy in the United States has surpassed or approached the traditional hydropower generation, becoming another major renewable energy source that keeps pace with it and the only renewable alternative energy source for liquid transportation fuel. In 2004, biomass energy production accounted for 4% of the total energy production in the United States and 46.5% of all renewable energy (including hydropower). The utilization of biomass can also promote the development of rural economy, reduce dependence on imported energy, avoid using toxic fuel additives such as MTBE, and reduce air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which is of great significance. (2) Understanding the characteristics of biomass raw materials is very important for the production of biomass energy and biological products. At present, people's focus is mainly on biomass rich in cellulose, such as corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, wood and so on. Its sources are mainly the residues of agricultural and forestry wood processing plants, urban wood waste and energy crops (soybeans). Black pulp from industrial papermaking and livestock manure are also one of the sources. The evaluation criteria of biomass mainly consider its performance characteristics, whether it is easy to collect and remove, whether it is convenient to transport and whether it pollutes the environment. The focus of biomass energy in the United States is different at different stages of development. Recently, it is mainly some crops that are easy to process and industrial residues with low or no cost, and the production technology is relatively mature; In the medium term, agricultural and forestry residues will be the main biomass feed, which is characterized by large supply and can promote the development of biomass energy and products industry. However, the technology of using this feed to produce biomass energy is not mature, and it is still in the stage of research and development experiments. In the long run, once the bio-refining industry is gradually developed and matured, it is necessary to cultivate and plant energy crops. At present, the United States Department of Agriculture has begun to study fast-growing trees and grasses. In the future, the advanced technologies to be adopted in biorefinery mainly include hydrolysis of biomass fiber into sugar and lignin, thermochemical conversion of biomass into synthesis gas, fermentation and catalysis to produce biopolymer plates and fuels. 2. Biomass Program in the United States In June 2000, the United States passed the Biomass R&D Act, and accordingly established the Biomass Program and Biomass R&D Technical Advisory Committee, which is a multi-sectoral collaborative program responsible for coordinating and promoting federal biomass research projects. In February, 2006, the R&D Biomass Technical Advisory Committee submitted the recommendations on R&D biomass and the work plan for 2002 to the Minister of Energy and the Minister of Agriculture. On June 5438+ 10, 2002, according to the requirements of the two ministers, the Technical Advisory Committee submitted the forward-looking plan of biomass energy and biological products in the United States, and put forward the R&D route and long-term goals by 2020, so as to ensure that 10% of transportation fuel, 5% of the thermal power needed by industries and various facilities, and10. June 5438+October 2003 10, the biomass technology roadmap was released. This is the concrete implementation of the biomass plan. Not only the new research and development scheme is given, but also the policy measures to promote the utilization of biomass are given. It can be said that the report truly marks the formal implementation of the biomass energy plan. It shows a clear American plan progress model of legislation-planning-technical route-concrete implementation. In 2000, in order to cooperate with the development of biomass plan, the Ministry of Energy also established the National Biomass Energy Center to coordinate the biomass R&D projects of laboratories under the Ministry of Energy, coordinate R&D resources and provide technical support. The National Biomass Research Center is located in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and several other large laboratories, such as Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Argon National Laboratory (ANL), Idaho National Engineering and Environment Laboratory (INEEL) and Northwest Pacific National Laboratory (PNNL), have participated in the research of the center. 3. Key areas of biomass energy research in the United States The key research and development areas of biomass energy in the United States are mainly five blocks. (1) research and development of biomass briquette (2) research and development of core technology of sugar conversion platform ... >>
Question 7: How to Use Corn Stalks There are many corn stalks in the countryside. In recent years, people have not made full use of them. In fact, they are also widely used in rural areas.
(1) can be used as green feed after crushing.
(2) It can be used as liquefaction furnace and raw material.
(3) Edible fungi can be cultivated after being crushed.
At the turn of autumn and winter, burning corn stalks often pollutes the air. But it should be said that burning is not good and causes pollution, but what's the use of not burning? In the past, the use of straw was mainly livestock feed, household fuel or compost. Nowadays, most rural laborers work outside the home, not only earning money, but also learning to calculate working hours: plowing fields and raking fields to transport grain and grass, and small tractors are better than getting up early to raise cattle; It is much easier to plant chemical fertilizer on the ground than to accumulate farmyard manure; It is more cost-effective to make a fire with coal, which saves the time of firewood work. So there is smog in late autumn and early winter every year. In order to guarantee the Olympic Games, nine provinces and cities around Beijing have banned burning, and the situation seems to have improved. Of course there are exceptions. For example, Dongping County, Shandong Province has built two factories using straw as raw materials: a power plant and an ethanol plant. Straw can sell money, of course, it won't smoke on the spot; The conversion of straw into electric energy and fuel ethanol can alleviate the shortage of energy and food, killing two birds with one stone.
With the soaring international oil and food prices, countries are arguing endlessly about who should be responsible for this. The United States accuses developing countries such as China and India of raising oil and food prices. However, the World Bank report points out that the biofuel production in the EU and the US distorts the grain market in three aspects: more than 1/3 of corn in the US is used to produce fuel ethanol, and about half of vegetable oil in the EU is used to produce biodiesel; Encourage farmers to set aside land to produce biofuel crops; * * * Financial speculation on food leads to higher and higher food prices. The Russians also said: The United States imports more than three times as much oil as China every year. The United States accounts for less than 5% of the world population, but consumes 25% of the world's oil. But the United States is too powerful to respond to such an analysis. Of course, the United States does not have to go black all the way. As early as the end of last year, the US House of Representatives passed the first energy bill in more than 30 years, requiring the automobile industry to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles by 40% by 2020. If this is from the perspective of throttling, then the production of biofuels is open source. But America uses so much oil that it affects the whole world. For example, in 2006, the United States used 42 million tons of corn to produce fuel ethanol, which was equivalent to 65.438+0.35 billion people's rations. In 2007, it rose to 85 million tons, of course, more. The United States subsidizes farmers by $5 billion to $7 billion a year. Producing a can of oil is equivalent to a person's food for a year, and hundreds of millions of people around the world are starving. This is the result of expanding biofuels in the United States and Europe. Even so, biofuels account for only 8% of America's energy demand.
The energy-intensive lifestyle of Americans may need to be reviewed, but it seems that people in underdeveloped countries should temporarily put down their "hatred of the rich" complex and think about it. Is our energy consumption low because of high awareness or unaffordable consumption? To be fair, I'm afraid it's mostly the latter. Otherwise, back to the shortage economy period, the energy consumption is the least. Celebrities, bosses, corrupt officials and other rich people who have the conditions to choose high support are scrambling to emigrate or stay abroad. Since it is impossible for Americans to reduce their rising consumption to the same level as ours, and we always hope to catch up with developed countries and live a better life, the demand for energy will continue to grow. It is better to think about how to develop green energy without sequelae to replace the increasingly scarce traditional energy. The increasingly popular wind energy, solar energy and bioenergy are still in their infancy, but at least they are a good sign. When human beings have not solved the problem of eating, it is really extravagant to make fuel ethanol from corn and other foods. However, it is worth learning from the main corn producing areas including the United States and Europe that ethanol is made from non-food raw materials such as corn stalks like Dongping. About 7 tons of corn stalk is equivalent to 4 tons of corn raw materials, which can produce ethanol 1 ton, and the cost per ton is lower than that of using grain to produce ethanol 1000 yuan. When the annual output of this project is 60,000 tons of ethanol, it can drive farmers to increase their income by 80 million yuan, and the average household income will increase by more than 230 yuan. Shanxi is one of the main corn producing areas. Using the experience of Dongping for reference to produce ethanol from straw can not only avoid the smoke pollution caused by burning straw on the spot, but also be a good project to develop circular economy, alleviate energy shortage and increase farmers' income.
Using corn stalk to produce fuel ethanol has both practical significance and demonstration function. It is precisely because of the limited resources that human beings should make good use of resources by exerting their own intelligence, rather than just relying on power to compete for resources and waste resources. [2]...& gt& gt
Question 8: How to solve the problem of straw reuse? As a big country producing straw, China is short of cultivated land and fresh water resources, and crop straw, especially corn straw, cotton straw, wheat straw and rice husk, is extremely precious. Their total energy is equivalent to corn and starch, and their combustion value is about 50% of standard coal. Every 1 ton of corn can produce 2 tons of straw, and 3 tons of corn straw can produce 1 ton of honeycomb coal, which can replace coal or liquefied gas with the same calorific value. If all the crop straws produced in China every year are used for combustion, the calorific value of 300 million tons of standard coal can be converted. Make full use of crop straws to produce straw biomass honeycomb coal, realize the industrial production of straw biomass honeycomb coal, form the industrialization of straw biomass honeycomb coal, and then move towards biomass honeycomb coal industrial cluster.
Crop straw biomass honeycomb coal is mainly made from corn straw, cotton straw, wheat straw and rice husk by biological carbonization. This product is flammable, instant-burning, smokeless, tasteless, pollution-free, residue-free, not easy to crack, regular in shape, with carbon content above 80%, calorific value of 4300-6 100 kcal, renewable, and emits a small amount of SO2 when burning.
The calorific value of corn stalk is about 0.7-0.8 times that of coal, that is, 1.25 tons of corn stalk carbonized raw material is equivalent to 1 ton of coal. The combustion efficiency of corn stalk biomass honeycomb coal is 1 .3 ――1.5 times that of coal-fired furnace, so the heat utilization rate of1ton of corn stalk biomass honeycomb coal is equivalent to one ton of coal.
Carbonization is an important means to improve the utilization value of straw biomass honeycomb coal, and its main performance indexes such as mechanical strength, calorific value and semi-coke content are directly determined by carbonization method and carbonization process. Main characteristics of straw biomass honeycomb briquette
It uses internal thermal carbonization method instead of charcoal burning method and external thermal carbonization method, which is superior to the first two methods: 1, and the volatile content is12-18%; 2. Fixed carbon content > 80%; 3. Toner:1.0 ――1.3%; 4. Color: the section has metallic luster; 5. calorific value (j/g): > 31000; 6. The carbonization yield is 30-50%; 7. The carbonization cycle of a single furnace is shortened: 8 hours/furnace, and the carbon content of straw is uniform; 8. Environmental pollution: almost smokeless.
1, crop straw biomass honeycomb coal is a "green" civil fuel to replace traditional coal, liquefied gas and other high-quality people.
2. The tail gas produced by carbonization of raw materials can be made into straw vinegar products, which can be used for deodorization, anti-bird flu and pesticides in aquaculture and public places.
3. When the temperature of the carbonization furnace is as high as 200-500 degrees, it needs to be collected by circulating pipes to provide heating or hot water for home.
4. Cupola and boiler, which are widely used in industry, consume a lot of firewood for ignition, and the price of firewood is much higher than that of coal. It is more economical to use straw biomass honeycomb coal instead of chopping wood to burn coal.
5. Straw biomass charcoal can be further processed into activated carbon, which can be widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. It can also be used for sewage treatment. With the strengthening of environmental protection, the amount of activated carbon needed to purify wastewater and waste gas will increase.
1. Raw materials are crushed, carbonized, shaped and put into storage.
2. Determination of raw material source and production scale
The product is made by mixing and stirring more than 70% straw carbon powder and 30% common additives and then extruding. The raw materials are corn straw, cotton straw, wheat straw, rice husk and peanut shell in rural areas. The project is rich in raw materials and has a wide range of sources.
3. Basic colors and specifications of products
1) The specifications of straw honeycomb coal are the same as those of honeycomb coal produced by coal, and they are all black;
2) Straw biomass fuel ball, the size of table tennis, black;
3) Straw biomass fuel particles, slightly longer than pellet feed, are also black.
This project uses crop straws, especially corn, cotton, wheat and peanut shells as raw materials to produce straw biomass honeycomb coal, a high-grade civil fuel. Straw biomass honeycomb coal is becoming a global "green gold" industry and is gradually becoming a substitute for traditional "black gold" energy. In 2000, the United States began to implement the bill of "developing and popularizing biomass products and bioenergy", and the United States will use one billion tons of biomass energy for liquefaction and carbonization to replace traditional oil and coal. China has a population of more than 65.438+0.2 billion, most of whom live in rural areas and small towns. The main way to use energy for living is direct combustion. The rapid rise and development of small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises not only promoted the development of rural economy, but also accelerated the consumption of fossil energy, especially coal. Therefore, it is the best choice to develop straw biomass honeycomb briquette instead of combustion. Country >>
Question 9: How to deal with pesticide residues in corn stalks? Spraying 1500ml corn from jointing stage to early flowering stage. Chu Yuan can cure diseases, improve crop quality and promote early maturity.