1. Multiple choice questions
1. The anticodon of the recognition codon GCU is ______
2. The function of topoisomerase I is ______
3. The RNA transcribed by eukaryotic RNA polymerase I is ______
4. If 15N-labeled E. coli is grown in 14N culture medium for three generations, its DNA is extracted. CsCl density gradient centrifugation, the ratio of 15N, 14N hybrid DNA molecules and pure 14N-DNA molecules is______
5. The reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in most organisms occurs in_ _____
6. The antibacterial effect of chloramphenicol is due to ______
7. The first amino acid synthesized in the polypeptide chain in eukaryotes is ______
8. When using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin to separate an amino acid mixture (PH 3.0 on the column), the strongest binding agent to the resin is ______
9. Competitive inhibitors make Vmax______, Km______
10. The operon is______
11. The allosteric enzyme with positive synergistic effect is Rs______
12. Polynucleotides containing two bases are artificially synthesized During in vitro translation, the most likely product is ______
13. The effect of thyroxine is through ______
14. There is a mutant strain of E. coli whose DNA polymerase III 3'-5' exonuclease activity defect will show______
15. The physiological role of gluconeogenesis______
16. From lactate through gluconeogenesis The formation of glucose *** consumes ______ATP
17. The most selective method for specific short cleavage of polypeptide chains is ______
18. In the tricarboxylic acid cycle All enzymes are located in the matrix of mitochondria, except ______
19. Glycogen is a polysaccharide in animals, and its structural characteristics are ______
20. Isogens in the tricarboxylic acid cycle The reaction catalyzed by citrate dehydrogenase is affected by ______
21. Rotenone blocks the respiratory chain because ______
22. The product of glucose hydrolysis under anaerobic conditions is ______
23. Grease acyl CoA is decomposed into CO2 and H2O through the β-oxidation pathway and TCA pathway, and the number of ATP generated is ______
24. With different oxidation levels The one-carbon unit carrier is ______
25. Regulation of glycogen decomposition______
2. True or false questions
1. Because α-helix is ??the protein conformation An important factor in stability, so the active site of the protein is usually on the surface of the α-helical region ( )
2. Glucocorticoids and epinephrine are both hormones that increase blood sugar ( )
3. The Km value of the enzyme is a characteristic constant of the enzyme, which does not change with the measured pH and temperature ( )
4. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules have 3'-OH at both ends ( )
5. Prokaryotic DNA replicates semi-discontinuously, while eukaryotic DNA replicates completely discontinuously ( )
6. The characteristics of allosteric enzyme kinetic curves are S-shaped curves ( )
7. Polycistronic mRNA contains multiple start codons and stop codons ( )
8. The antiparallel β-sheet conformation of the two peptide chains is more stable than the parallel one ( )
9. The determination of protein molecular weight using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is based on the amount of charge carried by the protein molecule ( )
10. Ultraviolet irradiation can cause
Dimers are formed between the T's on the two complementary strands of DNA ( )
3. Write the biochemical names of the following abbreviations
ACTH Cot1/2 RQ FADH2 LDL
4. Write the structural formula of the following compounds
1. Arginine
2. Vitamin C (reduced form)
3. cAMP
4. Sucrose (perspective)
5. ψ
6. Creatine
7. Chorismic acid
8. Lecithin
9. 11-cis-retinal
10. Thyroxine
5. Fill in the blanks
1. When pH is 8.0, ATP carries ____ charge.
2. The secondary structure of tRNA is ____ shape, and the tertiary structure is ____ shape.
3. When NAD and NADP are reduced, there is an absorption peak at ____.
4. When there are ____ residues in the polypeptide bond, the α-helix is ??interrupted.
5. The allosteric regulator of glycogen synthase D is ____.
6. The main source of the reducing power of fatty acids is the ____ pathway.
7. The main ways of regulating and controlling the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are ____, ____ and ____.
8. When nucleic acid is replicated, DNA polymerase moves along the template The strand moves in the ____ direction; during transcription, RNA polymerase moves in the ____ direction of the template strand; during translation, the ribosome moves in the ____ direction of the template strand.
9. Preliminarily make the enzyme reaction speed reach 80% of Vmax. At this time, the substrate concentration should be ____ of the Km value of the enzyme.
10. In anaerobic glycolysis, each It takes 2 moles of inorganic phosphorus to consume 1 molecule of glucose. The enzyme that reacts with inorganic phosphorus as a catalyst is ____.
11. The rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl CoA is the formation of ____ from ____ , catalyzed by ____ enzyme.
12. The catalytic amino acid combined dehydrogenases are ____ and ____.
13. The active form of vitamin D is ____.
14. Bacterial DNA ligase uses ____ as energy source, and animal cell and T4 bacteriophage DNA ligase uses ____ as energy source.
15. Under normal physiological conditions, the ____ and ____ side chains in protein molecules are almost completely positively charged.
16. During protein biosynthesis, the energy to generate peptide bonds comes from ____, and the energy source for ribosomes to move on mRNA is ____.
17. The function of chymotrypsin The affinity labeling reagent is ____, which acts on ____ in the active center of the enzyme.
18. The amino acid that cannot perform gluconeogenesis is ____.
6. Analysis and Calculation questions
1. There is a heptapeptide with the amino acid composition of Ala, Lys, and Phe. React it with FDNS and hydrolyze it with acid to generate free DNP-Ala. Digest it with trypsin. , then a tripeptide and a tetrapeptide are obtained, and their compositions are: 3Ala, Phe and Lys, 2Ala. By enzymatically digesting it with chymotrypsin, a hexapeptide and a free Ala are generated. Try to write down the Amino acid sequence.
2. There is a mixture of the following four proteins: (1) molecular weight 12,000, pI=10; (2) molecular weight 62,000, pI=4; (3) molecular weight 28,000, pI=7; (4) Molecular weight 9,000, pI=5; if there are no other factors, when they
(A) flow through the DEAE-cellulose anion exchange column and elute with a linear salt gradient ; (B) What is the elution order of these proteins when flowing through a Sephadex G-50 gel filtration column?
3. If 14C is used to label the following compounds, after one TCA cycle, what part of the compound does 14C appear in?
(1)H310C____C____COO- (2)H3C-C____14COO-
|| ||
O O
4. If mutations cause cAMP-dependent protein kinase is overproduced in adipocytes. What is the effect of mutations that affect fatty acid metabolism?
5. It is known that every time cccDNA combines with a chimeric dye phenanthridine bromide molecule, the double helix will unwind for about 26. There is a DNA preparation, and phenanthridine bromide red is added to make the sedimentation coefficient reach the lowest value. At this time, the average binding value of each nucleotide to the phenanthridine bromide red molecular tree is 0.07. Find the negative superhelical density value of this DNA preparation.
6. Under the conditions of sufficient light, 25.C, and PH7.0, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi in chloroplasts are 100, 1, and 100uM respectively
(1) Calculation How much free energy is required to synthesize 1 molecule of ATP.
(2) What is the lowest potential for a pair of electrons to transfer in order to synthesize ATP?
7. The Km of a certain enzyme is 4.0X10-5M, and Vmax=24 micromoles/liter/minute. It is calculated that when the substrate concentration is 2X10-4M, the non-competitive inhibitor concentration is 6.0X10- 4M, such as the inhibition percentage when Ki is 3.0X10-4M.