Madame Curie discovered radioactive elements radium and polonium. It has been suggested that rays are negatively charged particles.
In the experimental research, Madame Curie designed a measuring instrument, which can not only measure whether a substance has radiation, but also measure the intensity of radiation. After repeated experiments, she found that the intensity of uranium rays is directly proportional to the uranium content in the material, but has nothing to do with the existing state of uranium and external conditions.
Madame Curie made a comprehensive investigation of known chemical elements and all compounds, and made an important discovery: an element called thorium can automatically emit invisible rays, which shows that the phenomenon that an element can emit rays is not only the characteristics of uranium, but also the same characteristics of some elements. She called this phenomenon radioactivity, and called elements with this property radioactive elements. The radiation they emit is called "radiation".
At the end of 1902, Madame Curie extracted one tenth of extremely pure radium chloride and accurately determined its atomic weight. Since then, the existence of radium has been confirmed. Radium is a natural radioactive substance, which is extremely difficult to obtain. Its shape is shiny white crystal like fine salt. Radium has a slight blue fluorescence, and it is this beautiful light blue fluorescence that blends into a woman's beautiful life and unyielding faith.
In spectral analysis, it is different from the spectral line of any known element. Radium is not the first radioactive element discovered by human beings, but it is the most radioactive element. Using its powerful radioactivity, we can further discover many new properties of radiation. Therefore, many elements can be further applied to practice.
Medical research has found that laser rays have different effects on different cells and tissues, and those rapidly multiplying cells are quickly destroyed once they are irradiated by radium. This discovery makes radium a powerful means to treat cancer. Cancer is made up of cells that reproduce very quickly, and the damage caused by laser rays is far greater than that caused by surrounding healthy tissues.
This new treatment method was quickly developed all over the world. In France and France, radium therapy is called Curie therapy. The discovery of radium has fundamentally changed the basic principles of physics, which is of great significance for promoting the development of scientific theory and its application in practice.
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Marie Curie, born in Warsaw, is called "Madame Curie", and her full name is Marie Sklodowska Curie, a famous French Polish scientist, physicist and chemist.
1903 Mr. and Mrs. Curie and becquerel won the Nobel Prize in physics for their research on radioactivity.191kloc-0/won the Nobel Prize in chemistry again in, becoming the first person in the world to win the Nobel Prize twice. Madame Curie's achievements include initiating the theory of radioactivity, inventing the technology of separating radioactive isotopes, and discovering two new elements: polonium and radium. Under her guidance, people used radioisotopes to treat cancer for the first time. Due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances, Madame Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3, 1934.
Einstein said: "among all the world celebrities, Marie Curie is the only one who has not been spoiled by fame."
Chauffard, President of the Academy of Sciences: Marie Curie, you are a great scholar, a great woman who devoted herself to work and sacrifice for science, and a patriot who always worked for extra responsibilities in war and peace. We salute you. You are here, we can get spiritual benefits from you, and we thank you; We are proud to have you among us. You are the first French woman to enter the Academy of Sciences, and you deserve it.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Madame Curie
The cause of death of the Curies
Due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances, Madame Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3, 1934.
1April 906 19, pierre curie was killed in a carriage accident.
I hope it helps you.
Einstein invented the light bulb
Edison, a great inventor, invented many things in his life. However, only electric lights can be warmly welcomed by people immediately. Because the benefits of electric light are tangible. Its appearance means that people have another sun, and people's activities are no longer limited by night objects.
As early as 182 1, British scientists David and Faraday invented an electric lamp called an arc lamp. This kind of electric lamp uses carbon rods as filaments. Although it can emit light, it is dazzling, consumes a lot of electricity, has a short life and is not practical.
"Arc lamp is not practical. I must invent an electric light with soft light for thousands of families to use. " Edison made up his mind.
So, he began to experiment with this material as a filament: using traditional carbon ribbon as a filament, the filament broke as soon as it was electrified. Ruthenium, chromium and other metals are used as filaments. After being electrified, it will burn out at one o'clock. Using platinum wire as filament is not ideal. In this way, Edison experimented with 1600 kinds of materials. After repeated trials and failures, many experts believe that the future of electric light is bleak. Some famous British experts even ridiculed Edison's research as "meaningless". Some reporters also reported: "Edison's ideal has become a bubble."
Edison didn't flinch in the face of failure and some people's cynicism. He understands that every failure means a step closer to success.
Once, Edison's old friend Mackenzie visited him. Edison looked at Mackenzie's long beard as he spoke, and suddenly his eyes lit up and said, "Mr. Beard, I want to use your beard." Mackenzie cut a lock and gave it to Edison. Edison confidently selected a few thick beards, carbonized them and put them in the light bulb. Unfortunately, the test results are not ideal. "Then try it with my hair, maybe it's ok." Mackenzie said.
Edison was deeply moved by the spirit of his old friend, but he knew that hair and beard were the same, so he didn't take the old man's advice. Edison left to see the kind old man off. He helped the old man flatten the cotton-padded clothes he was wearing. Suddenly, he shouted again, "Cotton thread, why not try cotton thread?"
Mackenzie unbuttoned his coat without hesitation, tore off a piece of cotton cloth and handed it to Edison. Edison put the cotton thread in a U-shaped closed crucible and treated it at high temperature. Edison clamped the carbonized cotton thread with tweezers. Get ready to put it in the light bulb. However, because the carbonized cotton thread was thin and brittle, and Edison was too nervous, his hands with tweezers trembled slightly, and the cotton thread was cut off. Finally, Edison managed to put a carbonized cotton thread into the light bulb.
When night fell, Edison's assistant pumped the air out of the bulb and put it on the lamp holder. Everything is ready, and everyone waits for the result quietly. When the power is turned on, the light bulb emits golden light, which illuminates the whole laboratory. After 13 months' efforts, we tried more than 6,000 kinds of materials for more than 7,000 times, and finally made a breakthrough.
What is the relationship between Edison and Nobel?
Because the Nobel Committee selected Edison and Tesla as Nobel Prize winners. However, because their relationship became bitter rivals, they didn't receive the prize. So I didn't win the Nobel Prize.
Edison never won the Nobel Prize. Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, and died in West Orange, New Jersey. Inventors and entrepreneurs. 19 15, Edison was nominated for the nobel prize in physics and chemistry.
Edison and Tesla almost became enemies. Tesla heard that he and Edison were selected as the Nobel Prize winners in physics, and even publicly refused to accept the prize together. Edison also refused to accept the prize. Finally, the 19 12 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to the inventor Darren.
Resume of scientist Edison
Introduction: Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio and died in West Orange, New Jersey.
Inventors and entrepreneurs. Edison was the first person in human history to use a large number of production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to patent inventions, which had a great and far-reaching impact on the world.
His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world. He had more than 2,000 inventions and 1000 patents in his life. Edison was named the ninth among 100 people who influenced the United States by the authoritative American periodical Atlantic Monthly.
Facing everything around him calmly and facing life optimistically until death is Edison's attitude all his life. Edison's cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. Edison not only has a curious heart and an instinct to try by himself, but also has unlimited energy and courage to work beyond ordinary people.
Edison made so many inventions in his 84-year life, and he has been persistently devoted to inventions. In addition to his inventions and contributions in phonograph, electric light, telephone, telegraph and film, he also has many creations and opinions in mining, architecture and chemical industry, and has made great contributions to the progress of human civilization.
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Major achievements
1, phonograph
1877, Edison found that the diaphragm in the telephone transmitter would vibrate with the voice of speech, so he took a short needle and did an experiment, from which he was greatly inspired. Speech speed can make the short needle vibrate accordingly. On the other hand, this kind of vibration will definitely make the original sound, so he began to study the problem of sound reproduction.
/kloc-in August of 0/5, Edison asked his assistant to make a "strange machine" consisting of a large cylinder, a crank, a receiver and a diaphragm according to the pattern. When finished, Edison took out a piece of tin foil and rolled it on a metal cylinder engraved with spiral grooves, so that one end of the needle could be rotated by gently rubbing the tin foil.
The other end is connected to the receiver, then Edison shakes the crank to sing to the receiver, then puts the needle back in its original position, and then shakes the crank, and then the machine will release Edison's voice. In February 65438, Edison publicly demonstrated this "tin foil cylinder phonograph", which caused a sensation all over the world.
2. electric light
Contrary to popular understanding, Edison was not the inventor of electric light at first, but Edison improved it. As early as 180 1 year, a British chemist named humphry davy used platinum wire to electrify and glow in the laboratory. 18 10, he invented the "electric candle" which was illuminated by the arc between two charged carbon rods, which was the earliest prototype of the electric lamp.
Joseph swan, another British electrical engineer, after nearly 30 years' research, made a vacuum bulb with electricity and light from carbon wire in 1878+02.
The report about the swan's light bulb gave Edison a great inspiration. 1879 10, Edison finally succeeded in making an incandescent light bulb with carbon fiber as the filament, which is called "carbonized cotton filament incandescent lamp". Later, a large number of incandescent lamps were put into production, and companies were established to establish corresponding power stations, transmission networks and other infrastructure, which soon made electric lamps widely used in the United States.
During this period, he constantly improved his technology, and finally decided to use tungsten wire as the filament, which is called "tungsten lamp" and has been in use ever since, so Edison became a recognized inventor of electric lamp.
References:
Thomas Alva Edison-Baidu encyclopedia