About 60 10 years ago-about 5600 years ago (post-Li Wenhua period), according to the archaeological research on the pottery unearthed at Hou Li Site in Houliguanzhuang, Qiling Town, Linzi District, the ancestors living in this area began to make pottery about 8000 years ago. Its early products were sand-filled pottery, mainly round-bottomed pottery, which was monotonous and handmade. It is one of the earliest pottery producing areas in China. From about 5500 to about 4300 years ago (Northern New Culture Period), pottery was produced near Fushan Village and Huangjia Village in Fu Jia Town, Zhangdian District. Compared with the post-Li Wenhua period, the craft level of the utensils made has been significantly improved, and a large number of argillaceous pottery has been made, which has the distinctive characteristics of the northern new culture of Shandong Neolithic Age about 7000 years ago. From about 4040 BC to about 2240 BC (Dawenkou culture period), the production of pottery has made new development and its production scope has been expanded. Mainly distributed in Zhangdian, Linzi and Zichuan. So far, more than 30 sites of this period have been discovered. Their early products were mostly red pottery, while in the middle and late period they were gray pottery, white pottery and painted pottery. Our ancestors have accumulated rich experience in using raw materials, molding and firing. From about 20 10 to about 1530 (Longshan culture period in Shandong province), the pottery industry has developed to a considerable level on the basis of the previous generation. Making pottery has become a professional labor of clans and tribes. Rapid wheel modeling is widely used, and the products are mainly black pottery and gray pottery, with a wide variety. Among them, black and bright thin-walled pottery is the most famous and widely distributed. Now there are more than 60 producing areas in Linzi, Zhangdian, Zichuan, Zhoucun, Huantai, Boshan and Yiyuan counties. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties (2 1 century-BC16th century) The Xia Dynasty was the first slave country in the history of China. Judging from the "Yue culture" discovered by Zibo, the pottery production in this period was still very developed. Mainly concentrated in Linzi, Huantai, Zichuan, Yiyuan and Zhoucun. Compared with Xia Dynasty, pottery handicraft industry developed greatly from16th century to1th century (Shang Dynasty), mainly distributed in Linzi, Zhangdian, Zichuan, Huantai, Zhoucun and other places, mainly firing clay-gray pottery and sand-mixed gray pottery. 1 1 century -77 1 year (Western Zhou Dynasty) In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the king of Wu was named Qi and ruled Linzi. He attached great importance to the pottery handicraft industry, and specially set up the "Zheng Tao" (official) to manage the pottery production, and an official workshop appeared near Linzi. The pottery industry in Qi is more developed than before, and only white glazed pottery and building pottery such as bricks and tiles are made. During the period of 770-476 AD (Spring and Autumn Period), the division of products appeared in the pottery industry, with the production of daily-use gray pottery such as glutinous rice, glutinous rice, pots, beans and pots, and the main products of Tao Wei for building such as tiles and water pipes. From 475 to 22 1 years ago (Warring States Period), the pottery industry in Zibo began to form handicraft production with concentrated workshops, and many private workshops appeared. Products have expanded from daily necessities to funerary wares and pottery. With the expansion of urban construction, architectural ceramic art has achieved unprecedented development. From 22/kloc-0 to 207 (Qin) before the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, Qin unified China, established a county system, set up a county and ruled Linzi, ruling most of Zibo today. The pottery industry has not developed greatly. Still producing daily-use pottery and building bricks. During the first 206-25 years (Western Han Dynasty), the pottery industry was revived, especially in Zichuan area, and the firing technology and varieties of building pottery were significantly improved and expanded compared with the previous generation. Pottery and plastic flowers are everywhere. From 25 to 220 (Eastern Han Dynasty), low-temperature blue glazed pottery was successfully made. All kinds of pottery are produced in large quantities. Pottery technology has entered a new stage. From 220 to 420 (the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty), except for the temporary unification of the Western Jin Dynasty and social stability, there were wars in northern China for more than a hundred years, and the pottery industry in Zibo was once reversed. The pottery production in Linzi and the north of the city gradually declined, and the pottery industry shifted from north to south. From 534 to 550 A.D. (Northern Dynasties and Eastern Wei Dynasties), the kiln in Zhaili Village in Zichuan District rose today, which was the earliest place for firing celadon in Zibo. From 550 to 577 (Northern Dynasties, Northern Qi Dynasty), the porcelain-making technology of Zhaili kiln made remarkable progress, and the product quality was improving day by day. Represented by the lotus petals with green glaze, the fetal bone is solid, the glaze color is bright and moist, the shape is beautiful, and it has a fairly high artistic level. At the same time, yellow lead glazed pottery is fired. Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties Song, Jin, Yuan 581-618 (Sui Dynasty), Zhaili kiln continued to burn celadon. After 6 18-907 (Tang Dynasty), the kiln field of Zichuan Ciyao Service (now Cicun) rose. In July13 (the first year of Kaiyuan), a large-scale Buddhist temple "Huayan Temple" was built in the south of the village. In the middle period, it is rich in black glazed porcelain, and also produces green glaze and sauce-colored glaze products to create unglazed tea. In the later period, all kinds of colored glazes were relatively pure, the vessels were complex and the shapes were diverse. From 907 to 960 (Five Dynasties), Cicun Kiln pioneered white glazed porcelain, decorated with high-temperature blue spots. From 1960 to 1008 (early Northern Song Dynasty), due to the further development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce, the ceramic industry in Zibo entered a new development period, and new kilns appeared constantly. Kilns in Salt god Store (now Boshan), Badou, Slope, Wanshan, Gongjiawu and Haojiacun in Zichuan have emerged one after another. 1068 ——1077 (Xining period of the northern song dynasty), Salt god kiln households raised funds to build a kiln temple in Beiling village, and the kiln industry flourished. Cicun Kiln mainly produces white glazed porcelain. The fuel of the kiln was changed from firewood to coal for decoration and carving. 1 108 (the second year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty), Yandian, Slope, Wanshan and Haojiacun have developed into the main producing areas of ceramics. 1205 (the fifth year of Jin Taihe), Cicun kiln technology entered its heyday. The firing adopts sagger, bowl cage, decorative pattern, and the primary and secondary firing of glaze, grate, vermicelli, white glaze and black flowers, patterned tires and various sculptures. Salt god Dian Kiln has an unprecedented grand occasion, with many varieties and large scale, comparable to Cicun Kiln, and its celadon printing and low-temperature tricolor glaze are unique. 1294 (thirty-one year from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty), kiln sites in Zichuanpo, Wanshan, Shen Yan Town and Badou continued to burn traditional products on the basis of the previous generation. However, the utensils are generally bulky and monotonous in decoration. Black glaze and white glaze are more common. 1365 (twenty-five years from Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Dynasty), Zibo was in war for years, with natural and man-made disasters and people in dire straits. The ceramic industry has been seriously damaged. Raindrop porcelain, tea glaze and the excellent skills of the previous generation have all been lost. The famous porcelain kiln is in recession. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ceramic production of 1393 (twenty-six years of Ming Hongwu) was restored and developed. The main producing areas are concentrated in Shen Yan Town, and the larger kilns are Li Jiayao, Beiling, Shantou, Yaoguang, Badou, Xihe and Fushan. 1558 (thirty-six years of Ming Jiajing), the kiln industry in Shen Yan Town was unprecedentedly prosperous. "There are thousands of potters" and businessmen from all directions gathered here. Badou kiln is good at producing glazed tiles. 1662 (in the second year of next year), Xihe kiln was extremely prosperous, with 100 kiln, producing cans, pots and black glazed bowls. The Potter built a kiln temple in the east of the village. 1642 (15th year of Chongzhen, Ming Dynasty), white glazed stone (Baiyao stone) was found in the western hills of Dakunlun Mountain in Zichuan, and then white glazed products were made from kilns near Shen Yan Town. 1652 (the ninth year of Qing Shunzhi), the ceramic industry in Shen Yan Town recovered rapidly. There are more and more kilns in the town, such as south of the main street, Li Jiayao and Shantou, Yaoguang and Badou. 1662 (the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), there were four kiln factories in Shen Yan Town and its surrounding Shili Village. There are markets for kilns in the town, as well as those in Shantou and Xihe Village, and their products are sold to several surrounding counties. "The remote rural sites hundreds of miles away have their longitudinal traces." 1665 (the fourth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty), The Miscellaneous Notes of Yanshan written by Sun Tingquan, a native of Shen Yan Town, recorded the local production of ceramics, glass and coal in detail, which is an important work to study the history of Boshan ceramics in the early Qing Dynasty. 1670 (9th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), Ye usurped the town annals, and his "Pin" chapter recorded the local ceramics in detail. 1734 (in the 12th year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty), the Qing court ordered the cutting of Xiaohe Huaide Township in Yidu County; Twenty-one villages in Zichuan County, such as Bojizhang, Zhaozhuang and Dayu; Laiwu County Orchestra, Qiaolingqian and other 7 villages, newly built Boshan County. County governs Shen Yan Town. This is where the name "Boshan" began. After the county was established, the first kiln in Dajie and southern Li Jiayao was abandoned. 1735 (13th year of Yongzheng, Qing Dynasty), Yutauhe Village, Zichuan, Sun Shi (now Weitouhe Village) built a kiln to produce black pottery bowls, which was the earliest ceramic manufacturer here. 1753 (18th year of Qingganlong), Boshan ceramics industry flourished unprecedentedly. Beiling, Wudian, Shantou, Yaoguang, Badou and Fushan were the seven kilns at that time, and their products had their own characteristics. Boshan has become a prosperous ceramic production center and sales center. 1789 (fifty-four years of Qing Qianlong), the kiln industry flourished in Wanshan area and the kiln temple was rebuilt. 1794 (59th year of Qing Qianlong), the kiln yard in Shantou Town invested heavily in building a new kiln temple in the north of the village. Its architecture is spectacular, the front wall is decorated with ceramic murals, and plaques and couplets are beautifully arranged everywhere. The works of art and kiln industry at that time were brilliant. 18 19 (twenty-third year of Qing Jiaqing) There are six or seven potters in Yutouhe Village in Zichuan, and their business is booming. A kiln temple has been built in the west of the village. 1834 (14th year of Qing Daoguang), the production and sales of Boshan ceramics were booming, and the ceramic industry raised funds to rebuild Beiling kiln temple. 1844 (twenty-four years of Qing Daoguang), the kiln industry in Fushan Village of Boshan County has been quite large. There were 17 ceramic manufacturers and 28 kilns in that year. 1852 (the second year of Qing Xianfeng), kiln households in Fushan village raised funds to build a kiln temple in the south of the village. 1869 (eight years of Tongzhi in Qing dynasty), a European, A. Williamson, inspected Boshan ceramics industry, and then made an evaluation of Boshan ceramics industry in Travel Notes of North China. 1897 (in the 23rd year of Guangxu), Wang Shunqing, kiln owner of Fushan Village, invited two brothers, wulong village kiln worker Hu Licun, to teach the pot making technology. Fushan has ancient pots and Yuan Kui pots. 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty), German imperialism forced the Qing government to conclude the Sino-German Jiaoao Lease Treaty, and seized the right to build a railway in Shandong and mine three miles on both sides of the railway. Zichuan and Boshan are divided into German spheres of influence. In June, 1904 (30th year of Guangxu reign), Ji Jiao Railway and Jaco Branch Line were all opened to traffic. In the second half of the year, some export products of Boshan and Zichuan began to be transported by railway. This year, Shi Jinyuan founded "Xiangyi Kiln Factory" in Beiling Village of Boshan, and Yang Dianfu founded "Futongde Kiln Factory" on the mountain. 1905 (thirty-first year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty) Wang Zijiu, an antique dealer of Huanghua Committee of the general office of Shandong Institute of Arts and Crafts, set up an Arts and Crafts Institute in Xiahe Street (near Boshan Fire Brigade) in Boshan to study and improve Boshan ceramics. This is the first official kiln factory in Shandong. 1906 (thirty-two years of Guangxu in Qing dynasty) Boshan county established chamber of commerce and kiln behavior branch. 1909 (the first year of Qing dynasty), Shantou kiln tried to make a kind of colored glass with brown, green and blue. 19 10 (the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty), the ceramist Chen Xiling successfully developed the tea powder glaze in Boshan Craft Workshop, which restored the production of this famous historical glaze that had been lost for hundreds of years. 19 1 1 year (the third year of Qing dynasty), Boshan Institute studied white porcelain and baked flowers, and the products were good, but they could not be popularized due to the limitation of pigments. 19 16, the Shandong military government to protect the country was established in Zhoucun. The turning point of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the history of Shandong Anti-Japanese War was the Lucun Conference. 1937 12. Yao and Liao Rongbiao led the Heitieshan Uprising and established the Fifth Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army. 1In February, 947, the East China Field Army held an enlarged meeting of the front committee in Zichuan (now Hongshan) wasteland. 1In July, 947, the East China Field Army under the command of Chen Yi and Su Yu launched the Battle of South Malaysia. The liberation of Zibo was 1948. 1in March, 955, Zibo was established with the approval of the State Council.
Zibo has a long history and splendid culture. Qi culture is an important part of Chinese culture, and Zibo is the birthplace of Qi culture. Zibo has experienced three stages: Northern New Culture, Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture. After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Shang was annexed by Qi, creating a great culture of Qi. As the political, economic and cultural center of Qi for hundreds of years, Zibo is known as the "national capital", and it was "bigger than Chang 'an" in the early Western Han Dynasty. Zibo, the ancient city of Qi, has a long history and splendid culture. As the capital of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Linzi was the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the crown of the seven heroes in the Warring States Period for 800 years. During this period, the situation changed dramatically and was magnificent. Jiang Taigong, Qi Huangong, Qi Weiwang, Guan Zhong, Sun Wu, Yan Ying, Tian Dan, Sima Yi and other famous gentlemen and handsome men not only created the road of "70,000 households in Linzi, but also hit the hub with cars, and the curtain fell. "It played an important role in the historical stage of the pre-Qin period. Zibo has a long history, leaving a large number of cultural relics. The old city of Linzi and its surrounding areas are rich in cultural relics and historic sites, and are known as "underground museums". Li Wenhua was first discovered in northern China after Linzi. Zibo has Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture, Yueshi culture and Yin Shang culture. Pu Songling, a great writer in Qing Dynasty, and his masterpiece Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio have attracted more and more attention at home and abroad because of its profound cultural connotation. Pujiazhuang in Zichuan District has also become a picturesque and fairy-tale cultural tourist area with strange studios. Wang Yuyang, Zhao Zhixin and Pu Songling, literary leaders in the Qing Dynasty, were called "Three Masters of Filial Piety" by later generations, which contained profound Qi culture, making Zibo a veritable cultural tourism capital with profound accumulation.