The relationship between Dali Temple and punishments is different because of different times! The legal system in Sui and Tang Dynasties is the most perfect and representative legal system in feudal legal system. There are not only ten evils, five punishments and other systems, but also eight discussions, official duties and other legal systems.
It is also the most perfect in judicial institutions, forming a judicial trial system in which Dali Temple, Ministry of Punishment and Yushitai are separated. Dali Temple, which was transformed from the original pavilion, was called "Dali Temple" in the Northern Qi Dynasty. It is the highest judicial organ, responsible for hearing cases of exile or above.
1. Dali Temple
Dali Temple, official signature. It is equivalent to the modern Supreme Court, which is in charge of the trial of criminal prison cases. The chief executive's name is Dali Temple Minister, ranking among the nine ministers. Tingwei in Qin and Han Dynasties and Dali Temple in Northern Qi Dynasty, together with the Ministry of Punishment and the Douchayuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties, are called "Three Legal Departments". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the New Deal was renamed Dali Academy, and at the beginning of the Republic of China, the Beiyang warlord government also attacked this name, which was the highest judicial organ at that time.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Ting Wei was the supervisor, who tried the serious cases of each supervisor. Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Liang Wudi of the Southern Dynasty changed Dali four times, but they all revived. Customized in the Northern Qi Dynasty, with Dali Temple as the official sign and Dali Temple Qing as the official name.
Used after the Sui Dynasty. Dali means: in ancient times, it was said that the person in charge of punishment was called a scholar, also called Li. Han Jing expanded the word and took the meaning of Dali from the prison of the heavenly officials and nobles. Cases decided by Dali Temple must be reported to the Ministry of Punishment for approval.
In terms of major cases, in the Tang Dynasty, Dali Temple Minister, Shangshu and Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Justice, together with Yushi, were called the Three Divisions. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were jointly examined by Dali Temple, the Ministry of Punishment and the Duchayuan, which were collectively called the Three Laws Department. The third power to decide the prison lies with the Ministry of Punishment, but when Dali Temple disagrees, it can make a sacred ruling. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, the official rank of Dali Temple was positive, and Yangdi changed from the third rank to the Tang Dynasty.
Both Ming and Qing dynasties are positive. You can attend important political meetings of the imperial court. In the 24th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1898), it was incorporated into the Ministry of Punishment. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1906), it was changed to Dali Academy. The functions of the central judicial organs in Ming and Qing Dynasties were contrary to those in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The punishments are responsible for the trial, and Dali Temple is responsible for the review.
2. Department of Punishment
The Ministry of Punishment is the judicial department in the official system of "three provinces and six departments" in ancient China after the Sui Dynasty, which is in charge of punishment, but the scope of its duties varies greatly in different dynasties.
Basically, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the scope of authority of the Ministry of Punishment was the smallest, and it was basically limited to civilians and officials with seven grades or less (strictly speaking, officials with seven grades or less did not belong to "officials" in ancient times, but generally did not have disciplinary power, which basically belonged to Dali Temple, and middle and senior officials were basically supervised by the "province under the door" in the three provinces.
After the Song Dynasty, there were basically no rights in the province under the door, so the jurisdiction and punishment of officials basically belonged to Dali Temple, and the punishments were only an executive body. The Ming dynasty abolished three provinces, leaving only six provinces, and the authority of the Ministry of Justice was greatly improved. However, in the Ming Dynasty, its secret service agencies, namely Royal Guards, East Factory and West Factory, were particularly developed. Therefore, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the punishment and execution scope for officials, even ordinary people, Jinyiwei and Dongchang were far beyond the Ministry of Justice.
Although the Qing Dynasty abolished the secret service system of the Ming Dynasty, the Manchu people looked down on the Han people even more, although they did not divide people into four classes like the Mongols. But the boundary between Manchu and Han is still very clear. Han people, including officials, are basically punished by the Ministry of Punishment, but Han officials are not allowed to ask about the "infantry yamen" and "imperial clan" that Manchu (then known as "standard-bearer") can only be punished by Manchu.
reference data
Baidu encyclopedia. Dali temple
Baidu encyclopedia. Ministry of Punishment (ancient China)