Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283) is a good man, and a word Song Rui is Wenshan. Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) is from Luling. 1256 (Li Zongbao was only four years old) won the first prize. Jia Sidao was ostracized when he was in power.
1275, the yuan army entered Lin' an, and the song court issued a letter to the diligent king. Wen Tianxiang, who was appointed as the magistrate of Ganzhou, set up a 10,000-person uprising army to guard the north. 1276 served as the right prime minister, was sent to Yuan Junying to negotiate and was detained. During the escort, he escaped from Zhenjiang, got help from the people, and went into exile in Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu), from Haidao to Fujian. Together with Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, he became emperor in Fuzhou and insisted on resisting Yuan.
1277 invaded Jiangxi and recovered several county towns, which greatly improved the anti-yuan situation. But it was quickly defeated by the Yuan Army and retreated to Guangdong.
1278 was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). Bird Hong Fan asked him to write a letter to recruit Zhang Shijie to surrender, but he was rejected, and he wrote the book "Crossing Dingyang" to show his ambition.
1279 was sent to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for 3 years. Under threats and inducements, he remained indomitable.
1283 65438+ 10 was killed in Chaicheng on October 9th (the 9th day of December 19th, Yuan Dynasty), and he died peacefully.
The British launched the Battle of Garipoli in World War I (1915)-
1915 65438+10.9 Winston Churchill's idea of landing in the Da Daniil Strait to reduce the pressure on the Russian-Turkish front and thus threaten Constantinople was quite brilliant in strategy, but it was a mess in practice. British and French fleets shelled the Daniil Strait in February. In March, the 18 warship attempted to forcibly break into the narrow waterway, and four warships immediately triggered mines, and the ships hurriedly retreated. At this point, the German military advisers had a clear understanding of the planned Garipoli landing war, and quickly mobilized 65,438+10,000 troops to go to the war zone, dug trenches to hold on, and assembled artillery units there.
Russian cities strike against the war (19 17)—
1917 65438+10 9, the arsenal in Petrograd and its neighboring cities went on strike and was brutally suppressed by the czar's army. The strike was aimed at opposing Russia's involvement in the war. The number of Russian casualties in front is increasing at an alarming rate, and the people in the rear are starving. Officials seem indifferent to the demands of improving traffic conditions and food distribution. Unfortunately, the result of this attack was that the Russian troops in the trenches lost their weapons and could no longer defend themselves.
Chiang Kai-shek made a comeback and resumed the post of commander-in-chief (1928)-
192865438+1October 9, Chiang Kai-shek came to power again three months later. Last August, Chiang Kai-shek went out to work in the field. In the same year 165438+ 10/0, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Shanghai from Japan. In order to oppose the real power of the special Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, it was decided to unite Wang to control Guangxi.
Jiang and Wang reached an agreement: Jiang was reinstated as commander-in-chief and Wang was reinstated as chairman of the National Government. 165438+1October 17, the Guangdong-Guangxi war broke out. 65438+February 1 1, China * * * production party launched the Guangzhou uprising. Both incidents were used by the anti-Wang faction as an excuse to attack Wang Jingwei.
Wang was accused by all parties and secretly left Shanghai to go abroad. Chiang Kai-shek became the core figure of the Kuomintang, and all factions advised him to be reinstated. On June 4, 65438, Jiang returned to Nanjing to "preside over the big plan" and announced his reinstatement on the 9 th.
Stalin expelled opponents including Trotsky from the Soviet Union (1928)-
1928 65438+1On October 9, Stalin drove opponents including Trotsky out of the Soviet Union.
The Japanese occupied Kuala Lumpur (1942)—
1942 65438+1On October 9th, the Japanese army captured Kuala Lumpur.
Representatives of China participated in the trial of war criminals by the Far East International Military Tribunal (1946)-
1946 65438+1On October 9, the Allied Supreme Command instructed the Allied Supreme Command in Tokyo to set up the Far East International Military Tribunal in Tokyo to try and punish the chief war criminals of Japanese fascism.
Judge China, who participated in the Far East International Military Tribunal, was Mei Ruao and the prosecutor Xiang Zhexun. The legal experts and historians who served as assistants were Qiu, Fang Fushu, Yang Shoulin and. Mei Ruao is a member of the Legislative Yuan of the National Government and chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, and Xiang Zhexun is the chief procurator of the Shanghai Special Administrative Region Court.
The trial is complicated. In the trial, in addition to adopting persuasion procedures in Anglo-American law, it is also stipulated that every war criminal on trial should be equipped with an American lawyer in addition to his own Japanese lawyer and defender. These American lawyers "make excuses" for some war criminals who have not harmed American interests.
The National Government did not make adequate preparations beforehand, thinking that as long as judges and prosecutors "opened their mouths and dropped a lot", they could severely punish war criminals, so they did not prepare enough witness and material evidence. Therefore, from the beginning of the trial, the Chinese representative fell into a passive situation with grievances and pains. This made the delegates feel sad, angry and anxious.
In order to get out of trouble quickly, the representative of China immediately went to the headquarters of the Allied Forces separately to consult the archives of the Japanese Cabinet and the Army Province. Japan's archives for more than ten years, including documents, operational orders, telegrams, etc. , are hard to count. The delegates first extracted, translated and sorted out the original materials, and then worked out the speech materials based on these materials, for which they worked day and night. Some crimes are not recorded in Japanese archives and can only be proved through field investigation.
For example, in order to collect the criminal materials of the Nanjing Massacre, the representative of China made a special trip to China to investigate and found the survivor of the Nanjing Massacre, and brought this person to Tokyo to testify in court. After a period of intense work by the delegates, China got a lot of powerful criminal evidence, which was unexpected by the war criminals who invaded China.
When Ban Yuan was tried, 15 defense lawyers and witnesses appeared for him. When it comes to Banyuan's participation in the September 18th Incident, Changdao Ben of the Japanese invasion of China testified: "He was drunk at a friend's house that night and got a report on the September 18th Incident when he got home.
Prosecutor China immediately interrupted him and asked, "Since Shimamoto claimed that he was drunk that night, what can a confused alcoholic prove? How can you testify in court? " As a result, Shimamoto was thrown out of court. The duel messed up the half-original defense team.
Prosecutors in China should not only try their best to defeat Japanese lawyers and witnesses, but also deal with the defense of American lawyers.
Kenji Fujiwara committed heinous crimes in the war of aggression against China. When he appeared in court, his defense lawyer actually said that Jun Yuan was a kind person. To this end, the prosecutor in China sternly retorted and produced a newspaper specially used by the Mukden Secret Service to invite the Japanese government to offer a reward. One page reads, "When people in southern China hear the names of dohihara and Banyuan, they are afraid to talk about it.".
Prosecutors in China said that this is a portrayal of dohihara and Banyuan, who were cruel to the people of China. However, American lawyers actually defended him, saying that this was a tiger and had nothing to do with the defendant in this case.
Prosecutor China calmly explained: "When you talk about a tiger, you mean dohihara and the semi-original fierce tiger. When people hear their names, they are afraid that their faces will change. " The American lawyer was speechless and the audience burst into laughter.
Judge China spent eight days from the trial to the final verdict, and read out the verdict of 1200 pages. War criminals such as Tojo, Matsui, dohihara, Sakahara and Hirota were finally hanged.
The conflict between American troops and Panamanians occurred in Panama Canal Zone (1964)-
1964 65438+1On October 9, the US military clashed with Panamanians in the Canal Zone, resulting in the death of 2/kloc-0 Panamanians and 4 Americans.
On June 1 1, the Panamanian government broke off diplomatic relations with the United States and announced the abolition of the Canal Zone Treaty. On March 2 1, US President Johnson announced that the United States is willing to "re-examine" all disputes with Panama. On April 3, Panama resumed diplomatic relations with the United States.
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries established (1968)
1968 65438+1On October 9th, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries was founded by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Libya. Headquartered in Kuwait.
China architect Liang Sicheng passed away (1972)-
Liang Sicheng was born in 190 1. Guangdong Xinhui people. China architect, academician of China Academy of Sciences, Professor Tsinghua University, son of Liang Qichao, a modern thinker and historian in China.
19 15 studied in Tsinghua University, 1924 studied in the United States, and 1927 obtained a master's degree in architecture from the University of France and transferred to the Academy of Fine Arts of Harvard University. From 65438 to 0928, he returned to China and served as professor and dean of the Department of Architecture of Northeastern University. 193 1 year researcher of China Architectural Society. 194 1 years ago, researcher of academia sinica. 1946 Up to now, Professor and Director of Tsinghua University Department of Architecture. 1947 served as consultant to the design committee of the United Nations building. 1948 received an honorary doctorate from Princeton University.
He participated in the architectural design of the National Emblem of China, the Monument to the People's Heroes in the Capital and the Jian Zhen Monk Memorial Hall in Yangzhou.
His works include Examples of Architecture in Qing Dynasty, Architectural Style in Song Dynasty and Architectural History of China. It has attracted the attention of Chinese and foreign scholars.
1972 65438+ died on1October 9.
Saudi Arabia sentenced 63 rebels who attacked Mecca Mosque to death (1980)-
1980 65438+1October 9th. Officials in Saudi Arabia and the United States have long claimed that the attack on the Mecca mosque in June last year was carried out by Iranian Shiites. Today, when 63 people who participated in this sensational attack were beheaded, the early statements of Saudi Arabia and the United States once again contradicted each other. None of the 63 people executed was Iranian, and their leader was a self-proclaimed prophet named Giuseppe Mo Bin Saif.
He is actually the military commander of the Saudi rebellion. Of these 63 people, 4 1 is Saudi, 10 is Egyptian, 6 are South Yemeni, 3 are Kuwaiti, 1 is Yemeni, 1 is Sudanese and 1 is Iraqi. The attack was not launched by a few people. According to Saudi Arabia's statistics, more than 700 people participated in the rebellion. 1 17 rebels were killed and 143 was captured in the battle to lead government troops to recapture the mosque; Government 127 people were killed and 45 1 people were injured. The official statement said that some prisoners who provided weapons to the rebels and helped them in the attack will receive "religious re-education" within two years.
China's large chimes were successfully copied during the Warring States Period (1983)-
It has been more than 2400 years since Ceng Houyi rang the bell. The chime is composed of 65 bronze chimes, weighing more than 2500 kilograms. It is an earlier musical instrument with 65,438+02 semitones in the world. 1unearthed in suixian county, Hubei province in June, 978.
British Midland Airlines Boeing 737 crashed (1989)-
1989 65438+1On 9 October, less than a month after the Lockerbie air crash, Britain experienced another terrible aviation tragedy1989 65438+1On 9 October, a Boeing 737 flying from London to Belfast crashed in Leicestershire.