1 4 minutes, sharing some PPT on writing topics, plus 2 minutes of voice commentary to answer your questions.
Teacher Fan is 55 years old, and he speaks humorously. He said that his past life was to make a living as a busker: selling articles, singing and singing, and selling his voice for training.
He has worked as a civil servant, secretary chief, media reporter and planner in government agencies, but his main job is writing.
Mr. Fan said: Writing makes his life more complete.
His writing philosophy is to write what he likes.
He said that writing has two general directions, one is to write according to the needs of readers, and the other is to write according to one's own inner needs.
Writing is actually a big topic. Writing has three foundations:
1. Intention
2. Rhetoric
3. Intention
Writing is like a tree in a picture. Leaves are rhetorical things that can be seen on the surface of an article, that is, some words, phrases and sentences. This is literary talent. Behind the leaves are trunks and branches, which are actually thoughts, which many people don't understand.
there are also thoughts buried in the ground that are hard to see directly, that is, roots. Thoughts are often subtle, and it is not easy to be noticed in the article.
Mr. Fan mainly talks about the ideas of the article.
Because conception is studied by ourselves and rhetoric is accumulated by ourselves, there is no way to teach these two things, so teachers can only teach conception writing, which is what many of us really need.
Teacher Fan uses the method of "meta-writing" to talk about article writing, which is divided into four parts:
1. Thinking? 3. the point? 4. decide
1. lack of ideas, nothing to write.
Some people can't find the topic when they get it. Even if you have a topic, you can't open your mind, so make up the number of words. Many people think that they have no inspiration when they can't work out the number of words.
Actually, writing can't rely on inspiration. Inspiration only makes us write better, not the beginning. What is the beginning?
When Mr. Li Ao was interviewed by Phoenix TV, a reporter from Phoenix TV asked him, "Do you usually write by inspiration?" Mr. Li Ao said, "I write without inspiration, just like a prostitute doesn't meet customers with sexual desire. A prostitute is incompetent if she wants to meet customers by her sex name. Writers can't write by inspiration, and writers who write by inspiration will basically starve to death. "
what Mr. Li Ao said is very reasonable.
1. Be inspired. "Inspiration" is the basis of writing.
2. floating thoughts, digression and digression.
many people write a long article with a topic, but there is no focus.
Here is a story to share with you: A scholar wrote a poem and showed it to Ji Xiaolan. Ji Xiaolan wrote two poems by Du Fu: "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky".
He thought that Ji Xiaolan used Du Fu's poems to evaluate his own poems, indicating that his poems must be good, so he showed them to his friends, who told him after reading them, "Ji Xiaolan is scolding you."
what do these two sentences mean? "Two orioles singing green willows" is called unintelligible. "A line of egrets goes up to the sky", which is too far from the point.
Many people can't control their own thoughts when writing compositions, and write a lot of words, which feels as if they don't mean what they want to express.
3. The logic is confused and there is no focus.
some people seem verbose, but in fact they are illogical, disorganized and unintelligible. The article written in this way lacks the overall layout and complete structure, just like a half-finished project, which can't repair a building well, or the repaired house is strange.
Writing must solve the problem of thinking, and parents often ask us to think hard and be good at thinking. But what does thinking mean? Maybe many people haven't thought about it. What is thinking?
Thinking is equal to asking questions and answering questions. This definition is expressed by mathematical formula.
it can be understood from two angles: first, it is a process of asking questions and then answering them. Asking questions and answering questions are the basic units of thinking.
it can also be regarded as a mathematical problem. If the question is ten o'clock, then the answer is ten o'clock, so you have ruled out the question, which is absolutely correct.
But when we are in an exam, for example, a question, it's ten, and if you only get half the answer correctly, it's only five, which shows that your thinking is incomplete.
Thinking is equal to asking questions and answering questions, which is the core instrumental concept. Knowing this, the new concept of question-answering thinking is easy to understand.
a basic unit of thinking is to ask and answer questions. Writing is a process of continuous thinking, that is, constantly presenting the content of thinking in your mind. It is a process of continuous thinking, that is, a process of constantly asking, answering, asking and answering questions, which is called question-and-answer thinking.
Comparing all articles with the concept of question-and-answer thinking, it can be divided into two styles: one is called question-and-answer style, and the other is called narrative style.
question-and-answer style is the literal form of question-and-answer style, which can also be called dialogue style. Narrative style is a common style, which basically has no questions, so it is called narrative style.
This is only a superficial difference. All writing is the result of our thinking. In fact, all writing is asking ourselves questions.
Writing is actually asking ourselves questions.
The above are four question-and-answer essays.
The first book is Outstanding People in Shunde written by Mr. Fan in 2, which is a book he wrote after interviewing 3 bosses in Shunde, Guangdong. In fact, this is a kind of "he asks, the boss answers" dialogue.
The second book is The Analects of Confucius, which is a dialogue between Confucius and students.
The third book is Huangdi Neijing, which is the holy book of Chinese medicine. Huangdi Neijing is actually a dialogue between Huangdi and Qi Bo.
The fourth book, The Republic by Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, was actually written in dialogue.
These two newspaper screenshots were taken from an interview with Mr. Fan in Chongqing Evening News and chongqing morning post respectively, and were written in the form of a question and answer.
Now, interviews with some leaders, celebrities, experts and stars are written in this question-and-answer way. Or there are some narratives, and there will be a dialogue next to them.
This article about eloquence is a narrative. There is a yellow question at the end, which is an example of a question or question in our rhetoric.
narrative can be simplified to question and answer. That is to say, as far as narratives are concerned, some questions are thought of or explicitly put forward, but we left them out when writing articles.
The original narrative, with yellow questions added, is actually the question that flashed in the author's mind when writing, either clear or not so clear.
getting rid of these yellow questions is a basic method and a habit of writing articles.
When writing an article, there are doubts in my mind, but many people don't understand this. Be very clear that when you write an article, you are answering a question. There must be a question in your mind.
These two pictures of Horace, both white, are an entry in the dictionary. It appears in narrative form, but we can simplify it into questions and answers.
Six yellow questions are added. After these six yellow questions are added, the white text is the narrative text, and even punctuation marks don't need to be moved.
This meta-thinking is a book recently completed by Mr. Fan, which embodies his thoughts on speech and writing for many years.
The first half is theoretical tools and methods, and the second half is more than a dozen articles, which are reduced from narrative style to question-and-answer style.
In order to let readers see the narrative of all articles, they can actually be restored by using the question-and-answer style. In this way, we understand the basic thinking of the author of the article.
Mr. Fan's discovery of question-and-answer thinking is closely related to his work as a reporter in Guangzhou. When he was a reporter, he discovered the true meaning of a reporter.
As a reporter, the most important thing is to ask questions. For example, prepare to interview a boss, a leader or an expert.
when you call to make an appointment, the other party may say, "can you send me the interview outline first?" What is this interview outline? Actually, it's just a bunch of questions, which means the reporter is asking questions.
whether it's a journalist, a TV reporter or a TV talk show host, they are all asking questions. We are all asking questions to continue our thinking, or speaking.
Yang Lan has two books. The first one is "I asked, therefore I am here", which is the first book that Yang Lan interviewed. I ask therefore I am, which is adapted from the famous saying of French philosopher Descartes, "I think therefore I am", emphasizing the significance of thinking.
and "I ask, therefore I am" emphasizes the significance of my question. Another book, One Problem, One World, still emphasizes problems.
In addition to teaching writing, Mr. Fan also teaches eloquence. He often asks students to do cross talk exercises in class, such as "Lu Yu has an appointment" and "Interview with Yang Lan". One is the host and the other is the guest. The host is responsible for asking questions and the guest is responsible for answering them.
why do you want to make this TV program a talk show? Instead of letting some so-called guests give speeches? Because many guests, there is no way to continue this idea and make a complete speech.
But the host is responsible for asking questions. The host controls the whole rhythm and the whole program, and then the guest can answer the questions.
When you have nothing to say, ask yourself questions
Writing is not inspiration, but thinking. When we start thinking, writing begins.
Ask yourself a question:
1. Closed question
2. Open question
1 What is it?
2 why?
3 what should I do?
The following article is a standard narrative with only a question mark, but it is actually a rhetorical question, which can be an exclamation point.
instead of resuming the question-and-answer style, this article is only closed and open.
The Mountain in Guilin is an expository article, which can also be reduced to a question-and-answer style. All prose can be reduced to question-and-answer style, and that kind of dialogue novel is undoubtedly question-and-answer style itself.
Thinking and writing are all promoted by asking questions, and actually every sentence is promoted by asking and answering questions. What is the difference between the three sentences in the picture below? Even after this half sentence, the answer is different, and so is the answer in the second half sentence.
The second world article is a big plagiarism
What is the real plagiarism? That is, you must ask a series of valuable, systematic and innovative questions about a topic, and then look for answers from all sides.
There is a very important instrumental concept here, which is called "theme extraction".
We must establish the problem to prevent the point of view from being off topic and off topic. So what is the problem of establishment? Is to establish the problem.
the topic must be a question, that is, an article or a basic question to be answered in a paragraph. Then this question must be a question. This question is different from the opinion sentence. The opinion sentence is a statement sentence and the question sentence is a question sentence.
Questions have three functions:
1. Stimulate thinking
Questions are like a hook, which can hook the ideological materials that are dormant in our brains.
When people communicate and chat with each other, they also need to ask questions to hook up what people don't say in their hearts, so the first one is to stimulate their thoughts.
In terms of stimulating ideas, you can write a big article by giving three questions.
why don't many people work hard? Why should we work hard? How should we work hard? Answering these questions is a good article.
2. Focus
When you have a problem in your mind, your scattered thoughts will focus on it.
3. Guide the audience or readers
When you have a clear question, it will attract attention.
In understanding question-and-answer thinking, we will talk about three open-ended questions:
1. What is it? 2. Why? 3. what should I do?
when we talk about open-ended questions, we are actually talking about the types of open-ended questions, that is, what? Why?
when it comes to topics, we should actually talk about the types of topics.
What are the facts, the reasons, and the countermeasures and methods for how to do it.
for example, if you are sick, you have to go to the hospital to see a doctor. So, usually we also ask, what are the three key questions? Doctor, what's wrong with me?
after the examination, the doctor will tell you, and you will also ask, why did I get this disease? Why is God so unfair to me? What should I do? What else should I pay attention to besides treatment?
This picture is the crucial meta-thinking: thinking about the wisdom of writing and speaking
Speaking of meta-writing, the meta-thinking here is also: What is it? Why write? Do what? It is a question of three elements, and this element is the basic meaning. What can all the different problems in the world boil down to? Why? Do what?
these three questions are called meta-questions, and all the thinking around these three questions is called meta-thinking. Our writing theory of answering different types of meta-questions is called meta-writing.
The question always corresponds to the answer. What is it? It is a descriptive question, which corresponds to the answer to the fact, that is, to answer it with the fact. Why? It can be said that it is an explanatory question, so it is necessary to answer it reasonably. What should we do? It can be said that it is a prescriptive question, so it is necessary to answer with a demanding answer.
how can we improve our writing skills when writing a composition? First, read more. The second is to practice more and the third is to think more.
Writing is to answer questions. What are the questions to answer? Why? Do what? The answer is a realistic answer, a well-founded answer, and a required answer.
Therefore, we can also say that all writing is about answering questions, and answering questions means putting facts, reasoning and making demands.
in the past, we used to say that when discussing problems with people, we should present facts and reason. In fact, that's all. In fact, you should know that whether we talk or write articles, we are doing three things: putting facts, reasoning and making demands.
Only when you understand these things can you really understand the article. This kind of layout is different from the general layout of writing, because Mr. Fan combines the underlying logic of three meta-questions and question-and-answer thinking.
First, the empty umbrella method
Empty is the sky, rain is the rain in the air, and an umbrella is an umbrella to shelter from the rain.
The explanation of the "empty umbrella method" here is that the empty is the topic, the rain is the understanding of the topic, and the umbrella is the answer to the topic. In fact, this explanation is not very easy to understand.
what is the logic of an empty umbrella? In fact, emptiness is to limit the topic, state the status quo, and talk about "what is it?" And rain is the reason for asking questions, that is, "why?" Umbrella is to put forward countermeasures and solve them concretely, that is to say, "what should I do?"
actually, what can we simply equate an empty umbrella with? Why? what's to be done