(The so-called legal system is simply the general name of the legal systems of some countries or regions with different historical traditions and formal characteristics. At present, there are two legal systems in the world, namely, Anglo-American legal system and continental legal system. Common law countries, such as the United States, Britain and Hong Kong, adopt litigation mode, which is characterized by jury system. German, French, Italian, Taiwan Province and Macau and other civil law countries adopt an ex officio litigation mode, with judges as the main body and no jury. )
2. There are two ways to try criminal cases in China: collegiate bench trial and sole trial. The sole trial means that a judge (usually called a judge) tries a case alone.
The collegial panel consists of judges or judges and people's jurors. The number of people is odd. People's jurors are different from juries in the common law system, but they have similar functions to jurors, but they cannot serve as presiding judges.
Among them, only the collegial panel of a case of first instance can have people's jurors. People's jurors in cases of appeal or protest cannot participate in the trial.
Generally speaking, in criminal trial, if it is a public prosecution case, the judge (or judge and juror) sits in the middle and the clerk sits behind the desk in front of them. There are prosecutors on both sides of the court, that is, people from the procuratorate, and defenders on the other side. They defend the defendant and deny the prosecutor's point of view as much as possible, so that the defendant can get a lighter sentence. The defendant sits or stands in front of the public gallery, unlike the common law system, and is usually kept in a cage behind the public gallery.
There are other things you want to know or are interested in, you can look at the relevant provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law and the People's Court Organization Law.