Experts analyzed and predicted China's technological development. With the development of China's economy, society, culture, science and technology, China's industrial system will undergo fundamental changes. In the next 10 years, industries with great development potential and urgent need for talents include: electronic technology, bioengineering, aerospace technology, ocean development and utilization, new energy, new materials, information technology, mechatronics, agricultural technology, environmental protection technology, and bioengineering research and development , industry, commerce and international trade, lawyers, etc.
Talents in this area.
In the next 10 years, the fields with huge potential for China's scientific and technological development are:
(1) Biotechnology. Biotechnology is a research field centered on genetic engineering, protein synthesis engineering and biological product development, and will have a significant impact on the development of human society in the 21st century. The development of biotechnology will enable mankind to fundamentally solve the diseases that threaten mankind and improve mankind's production, life and even future destiny.
(2) Information technology is a leading high technology. The main technologies in this field include computer and Internet technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc. In the two years from 1998 to 2000, computer technology and Internet technology have developed rapidly in countries around the world. In these two years, companies and enterprises mainly engaged in these technologies have developed rapidly in terms of technology and assets. The prices of Nasdaq stocks in the United States, computer and Internet stocks representing high-tech development have doubled, and Internet stocks and stocks engaged in computer production and operation in Hong Kong and China have also risen sharply. Although stocks representing computer and Internet technology have fallen sharply since the second half of 2000. However, judging from the future development trend of information technology, information technology will continue to develop rapidly in the future scientific and technological field and gradually subside the "bubble" existing in the current knowledge economy, making information technology truly guide the trend of world economic and scientific and technological development.
(3) The field of new materials science. Materials science is an applied science field closely related to people's daily life and scientific and technological development. Human beings need a variety of special high-performance materials in production and life, such as various alloy materials, superconducting materials required in industrial and high-tech fields, semiconductor materials used to make various chips, and various polymer synthesis in life. Materials (used in clothing, detergents, beauty and health care products, etc.), and nanotechnology, which has recently become a hot topic in new material technology. The development of these new materials science and technology has brought convenience to human life and improved the quality and efficiency of human life. In the future development, new materials science will still become the leading field of scientific and technological development.
(4), New energy and corresponding technology development fields. When traditional energy sources such as oil, natural gas, and coal are exhausted, and these energy sources are still the dominant energy source for human production and life, human beings will not be able to survive. In future development, humans must find new energy sources to replace these depleted energy sources. Among them, nuclear fusion energy, solar energy, ocean energy, wind energy, and water energy will become the leading fields of future energy development, and new energy sources will be found and developed on this basis.
(5) Space technology. The 21st century will be an era for mankind to explore outer space. The development of space technology will provide technical means for mankind to develop and utilize space resources. With the development of science and technology, humans are making more and more use of space, and their efficiency is constantly improving, such as various satellites used in communications, military, geographical remote sensing, meteorological observation, astronomical observation and other fields, and used in the synthesis of various materials. Space stations for experiments, scientific experiments and space relays, spacecraft for outer space space exploration and more. In the future development, humans will further develop space. For example, building solar power stations in space, building space cities for human habitation in space, and developing mineral resources and energy on planets, natural satellites, asteroids and other celestial bodies in outer space all require the support of advanced aerospace technology.
(6) Marine technology and marine resource development. Marine resources are an important resource base for human survival and an important source of human food and raw materials. At present, the development of marine resources is very limited. The rational development and utilization of marine resources will have an important impact on the development of human society, economy and technology.
Experts predict that the technologies in the above six major fields will form nine major science and technology industries in the future social development, including: bioengineering industry, biomedicine industry, optoelectronic information industry, intelligent machinery industry, software industry, new Material development and manufacturing industry, nuclear energy, solar energy and other new energy development industry, space technology and development industry, marine technology and development industry.
The leading occupations in Chinese society in the 21st century
my country's personnel management agencies have analyzed and predicted the talents that are urgently needed in the future based on relevant statistical data from various professional associations in my country. The analysis results show that China's leading occupations in the next century include: accounting, computers, software development, environmental protection, health and wellness medicine, consulting services, insurance, law, geriatrics, services, public relations and services, marketing, life sciences , Counseling and Social Work, Tourism Management and Services, Human Resources Management. The basic information and related majors of these sixteen middle schools are as follows:
(1) Accounting major. With the development of social economy and the standardization of financial management, the demand for accounting by enterprises and institutions in society has also greatly increased. Accounting will also become a popular major in various industries, with high social status and income. Practitioners in this industry should have professional talents with different professional titles or professional qualifications such as assistant accountants, accountants, and senior accountants. Generally speaking, they need to have professional qualifications or degrees in accounting, finance, statistics, etc. , and passed the national accounting qualification examinations at all levels and achieved various qualification certificates for accountants.
(2) Computer technology. With the development and widespread application of computer technology, the development, application and maintenance of computer software and hardware have become an important part of the work in various industries in society. Some computer technicians are assigned to install, debug and maintain computer software and hardware. Therefore, in various industries (such as banks, hospitals, government departments, enterprises, etc.), there is an increasing demand for computer technology professionals, and the remuneration is relatively generous. Professionals needed in these industries include computer hardware engineers, programmers, network administrators, system maintenance experts and database administrators. These professionals generally require qualifications or degrees in computing, information technology, electronic technology, or related professions.
(3), Computer software development. The popularization of computer technology has promoted the rapid development of the computer software industry. Software development has become an important development area of ??the computer industry, and software design experts have become popular talents in the software development industry. Software development experts are mainly engaged in the development of computer software, such as operating systems, development tools, application software, etc. They are required to have a degree in computer software or related majors and have some experience in software development. This profession will become a high-tech and high-paying profession in society for a long time to come.
(4) Environmental protection. As environmental pollution intensifies and the country and the public's awareness of environmental protection increases, society's demand for environmental protection professionals will continue to rise. Environmental protection specifically includes environmental monitoring, environmental quality assessment, environmental governance (environmental engineering), and environmental sanitation, which requires professionals in environmental science, geography, biology, environmental chemistry, and environmental engineering.
⑸. Traditional Chinese medicine and health medicine. Since the reform and opening up, my country's per capita income and living standards have greatly improved, and people are increasingly concerned about their living conditions and health. Health medicine also came into being, and the market for health care products also grew. Traditional Chinese medicine and health medicine have become areas of public concern. Since Western medicine has little effect on some difficult diseases, Chinese medicine is unique in syndrome differentiation and overall treatment, which is closely related to the current field of biopharmaceuticals. Therefore, society's demand for traditional Chinese medicine and health medicine talents will gradually increase. Typically, professional practitioners in this field require a diploma or degree in biomedicine or traditional Chinese medicine.
[6], consulting services. Today's society is one of information expansion, and information acquisition has become a key link in technological development and business operations. The refinement and specialization of social division of labor have promoted the development of information consulting and related consulting industries, becoming a leading profession in social development and progress. At present, the consulting industries in society include corporate consulting, psychological consulting, information consulting (including various types of information service consulting), educational consulting, etc. To engage in the consulting industry, you need to have academic qualifications or degrees in education, psychology, management, information science, economics, etc.
(7) Insurance. Changes in the social and economic structure and various unpredictable factors have added many uncertainties to people's work and life, which requires a complete social security system. The continuous improvement of the social security system has promoted the development of the insurance industry, which has minimized losses caused by uncertain factors in people's lives. Society's demand for insurance salesmen, managers, actuaries, and claims adjusters is also increasing, and the salary is higher than that of ordinary occupations. Generally, people working in the insurance industry need to have academic qualifications or degrees in insurance, finance, economics, management, etc.
Existence, legal category. With the development and progress of society, laws and regulations are constantly being improved and perfected, and various laws and regulations promulgated by the state will become more and more detailed. Many legal provisions are impossible for ordinary people to understand clearly. Government agencies (such as courts and procuratorates) engaged in judicial work also need high-quality and highly educated legal talents. At the same time, in order to better provide legal consultation and handle various criminal and civil cases, society will have an increasing demand for lawyers, and the lawyer industry will become a profession with high intelligence, high social status, and high income. To engage in the legal profession, you need to have a diploma or degree in law or any other professional field, and obtain a national lawyer qualification certificate.
(9) Geriatrics. Population aging is a serious problem facing the world and China. What follows is a series of social problems such as medical care, social security, and psychological problems of the elderly. How to solve the above-mentioned needs of such a large group has become an important and urgent issue. Among them, medical treatment and geriatric health care are the most prominent issues, and the social demand for careers in geriatric medicine will also be greatly increased. Society will urgently need professionals in medicine, geriatrics, health and nursing to work in the care of older adults. Such a huge social demand will also bring huge economic returns to practitioners in this industry, and will also contribute to the physical and mental health of the elderly.
⑽, home care and services. The accelerated pace of social life and work has increased the pressure on family members. Taking care of the sick, the elderly and children has become a heavy burden for young and middle-aged parents, and the demand for home care has also greatly increased. Related hot spots are kindergarten teachers and home service workers, which typically don't require advanced degrees. But for managers in this industry, they need professionals with academic qualifications or degrees in social services and management.
⑾. Professional public relations. Public relations and corporate image design are very important to the development of a company or enterprise, so the public relations industry has become a very promising career. Practitioners of this profession generally need to obtain professional degrees in public relations, social services, economics and trade, management, etc., and have relevant work experience.
⑿. Marketing. Marketing is a very important part of corporate product sales and public relations. In today's and future social development, establishing independent underwriters and sales networks will become the main form of business operations. These underwriters and sales networks are also responsible for the company's advertising and corresponding technical or sales services. Enterprises or companies that operate commodities or a product, such as securities and finance, communications, medical equipment, computers and network equipment, and general commercial institutions (such as shopping malls), all need marketing talents. People working in this field generally need professional education or degrees in marketing, management, and economics.
[13], Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Biochemistry and biotechnology have been hot areas in scientific research and biotechnology development in recent years. They have huge development potential in biopharmaceuticals, health product development, drug development for treating difficult diseases, and artificial protein synthesis. Currently, new drugs are developed by biochemists and biotechnologists and play a major role in treating and preventing diseases. Practitioners in this field generally need a degree in biochemistry, biotechnology, biomedicine, or molecular biology.
[14], Psychology. In China, psychology is listed as one of more than 10 disciplines to be developed in the 21st century. Since 1997, the Ministry of Education has established talent training bases for psychology and basic scientific research in key universities such as Beijing Normal University, Zhejiang University, and East China Normal University. Since then, the state's investment in the field of psychology has increased year by year, and psychological science has gradually become a major of concern to the country and society, and the demand for various industries in society has also continued to increase. Such as market research, human resource development, psychological counseling and psychotherapy, learning disability correction, education, psychological research, human-computer interaction research, etc., all require a large number of psychological talents. In our country, psychology, as an emerging discipline, has also received widespread attention and attention from government departments and all walks of life, and has been widely used in various fields of society. Psychology careers require a degree in psychology or applied psychology.
⒂. Travel. With the improvement of people's income and quality of life, the economic and time investment in outdoor entertainment, leisure and tourism activities has gradually increased, promoting the rapid development of tourism. Tourism is a low-investment, high-yield industry with relatively generous profits. In the 21st century, tourism will develop rapidly.
People's consumption in tourism will also increase significantly, and the demand for travel agency companies will also increase significantly, which will also promote the rapid development of related industries. Such as airlines, taxi companies, passenger ship companies, businesses, hotels and restaurants. The development of tourism will promote the comprehensive development of social economy, and tourism will also become one of the key industries for national development. Practitioners in this industry generally need a degree or qualifications in tourism management or management, geography or related majors.
[6], Human Resources. The competition in the future society is the competition of talents. Whoever has talents will be able to gain a foothold in the fierce competition. In the development of recent years, both government agencies and enterprises have established personnel agencies or human resources departments to recruit talents. Its function is no longer traditional personnel file management. Its main function is to recruit and train employees to make the best use of their talents, maximize the potential of human resources, and create the greatest economic and social benefits. Therefore, human resource management has attracted the attention of enterprises and institutions and has become an important functional agency of government agencies and enterprises. For example, the Examination Center of the Ministry of Personnel has a center specifically responsible for the development of human resources for civil servants and enterprises. It has done a lot of work in the selection and placement of talents in domestic enterprises and institutions, and developed a series of talent selection tools. Domestic emerging large enterprises and foreign large companies also have specialized human resources departments, which are responsible for talent selection and employee training at all levels of the enterprise and company. For example, well-known companies such as Peking University Founder and Lenovo in China and IBM, NOKIE, Motorola and other foreign companies all have dedicated human resources departments and human resources experts. In the future social development, the demand for human resources experts will also increase. Careers in this field require qualifications or degrees in human resource management, psychology, management, etc.
China’s most promising industries in the 21st century
According to the predictions of sociologists and economists, with the development of my country’s market economy and the adjustment of the economic structure, the role of various industries in society will be The status and development potential of development are also changing. The growing social needs of some industries have promoted the vigorous development of these industries and become the leading industries for future social development. According to relevant expert predictions, the industries with huge development potential in the 21st century mainly include:
1. Network information consulting and service industry. Today's era is an information age. The development of information network technology has made people more and more dependent on network information, and network information services have become an important industry in society. This industry includes online shopping, business information services, advertising media services, technical information consulting and services, etc.
2. Real estate development. With the reform of housing policies and the commodification of housing, the real estate development industry has become a prosperous industry, and buying a house has become a top priority for every family. Therefore, the real estate development industry is facing unlimited business opportunities, which has led to the rapid development of related real estate development, consulting, sales business, property management, leasing, second-hand housing transfer and other industries. The real estate development market is huge and profit reports are high, making it a favorite for many real estate investors.
3. Social insurance. With the progress of the national economy and the continuous improvement of the social security system, people's awareness of safety and security is also constantly improving, and their awareness of insurance is getting stronger and stronger. For ordinary families, everyone realizes that a small amount of investment is needed to ensure the safety of family finances and the lives and property of members. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the insurance industry.
4. Household automobile manufacturing industry. With the rapid development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people's material life, family demand for cars is also on the rise. For a long time to come, family demand for cars will continue to rise, bringing unprecedented consequences to the family car manufacturing industry. opportunities, and merchants will also gain huge profits from it. At the same time, the development of the domestic automobile market will also drive the development of the automobile parts, maintenance and related technical product production industries.
5. Postal and telecommunications industries. In today's fast-paced and high-efficiency era, people have higher and higher requirements for the speed and synchronization of information transmission. They also have higher and higher requirements for related communication products (such as telephones, mobile phones, fax machines) and communication services. At present, the per capita ownership rate of telephones and mobile phones in China is far lower than the world average. The development potential of China's communications market is huge, which will bring new opportunities and huge profits to the communications industry.
6. Health care products for the elderly. Experts predict that by the year 2000, China's elderly population will reach about 654.38+3 billion, and China will also enter an aging society. The increase in the proportion of the elderly population has brought about an increase in the demand for medical, health and community services.
Therefore, engaging in elderly care products, medicines, daily necessities, and community services will have great development prospects and form a unique industry.
7. Women’s and children’s products industry. As people's demand for quality of life increases, especially women and children have an increasing demand for clothing, cosmetics, washing supplies and some necessities in life. The investment in these products is also relatively high, which will promote the rapid development of related industries. In the future social development, this industry still has great development potential.
8. Tourism, leisure and related industries. With the improvement of people's living standards and the increase in the number of vacations, tourism and leisure have become a very common thing in people's lives. People have more and more opportunities to travel and relax, which not only promotes the development of the tourism industry, but also replaces the prosperity and development of the service industry, sporting goods, sports venues, travel agencies, tourism products and other industries, forming a driving force for economic development. powerful industry.
9. Building decoration industry. The commercialization of domestic urban housing has promoted the development of the decoration industry, and the interior decoration products and decoration project contracting industry has become a lucrative industry. According to statistics from relevant departments, urban residents currently invest about 20,000 to 50,000 yuan in house decoration, which has promoted the development of the decoration materials industry.
10. Catering, entertainment and service industries. The accelerated pace of social life has increased people's demand for the fast food industry. Although the foreign Western-style fast food industry is developing rapidly in China, the Western-style fast food industry is more aimed at the children's market. For Chinese people, they are more accustomed to Chinese fast food, so the Chinese fast food industry will play an important role in future social development.