1, Shuntian prefect
Shuntianfu, the administrative division of the whole Beijing area in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Magistrate Shuntian is the highest chief executive of public security and government affairs in Beijing, equivalent to the secretary and mayor of Beijing Municipal Committee today. He is a civilian foreign official with Taoism, just like magistrate Fengtianfu.
In Qing Dynasty, Shuntianfu governed 24 counties including Daxing County, wanping county, Tongzhou and Zhuozhou.
In Beijing, its authority is almost the same as that of Yushitai and Jiumenfu. Moreover, Shuntianfu has the qualification to undertake complaints from all over the country, which is equivalent to an Osakabe.
Although the rank of Shuntianfu is not high, it is difficult to make a decision on many things, but Shuntian prefect can go directly to the temple to see the king.
Shuntianfu is in charge of public security and government affairs in Beijing, and is also connected with six departments and study rooms. In other words, if the official sitting in Shun Tianfu Yin's seat is hard enough, he has the ability to influence, change or even completely overturn many government resolutions through the emperor. With the strength of a position, you can intervene in the affairs of multiple central departments at the same time, which is not ultra vires.
2, the prefect nine steps on the fifth battalion commander.
The commander-in-chief of the Fifth Battalion of Jiumenbu Army, referred to as the commander-in-chief of Jiumenbu Army for short, was a military attache in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, and was established in the 13th year of Kangxi (1674).
The garrison, guard and public security institutions in the capital of Qing Dynasty were called "prefect, nine infantry governors, and five battalions commanding the yamen", commonly known as "infantry commanding the yamen". The commander-in-chief is called "Infantry Commander" for short, commonly known as "Nine Magistrates" (there are nine inner cities in Shi Jing, namely Zhengyang, Chongwen, Xuanwu, Chaoyang, Dongzhi, Fucheng, Xizhi, Desheng and Anding).
The Nine Magistrates are mainly responsible for the guard and access control inside and outside the nine gates in the inner city of Beijing (Zhengyangmen, Chongwenmen, Xuanwumen, Andingmen, Deshengmen, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Chaoyangmen and Fuchengmen), and are also responsible for night patrol, fire fighting, compiling Jiabao, prohibiting arrest and breaking prisons. In fact, they are the leaders of the Qing dynasty guards, and their ranks are first-class and second-class.
Extended data:
Set up the prefect's nine-door-step army to patrol the five battalions and command the yamen;
The nine magistrates are responsible for the public security and public order in the capital, and the troops under their jurisdiction have remained at around 30 thousand for a long time, with strong ability and excellent equipment.
Judging from the organization, personnel and job responsibilities, besides the headquarters of the yamen, there are also the Eight Banners Barracks, five patrol battalions, sixteen management agencies in the inner and outer cities and the new security management department of Baitashan.
Under the command of the step army, there is a left and a right company commander working with the step army commander; The Eight Banners Infantry Battalion has one left-wing commandant and one right-wing commandant (rank three). The Eight Banners Infantry Battalion is mainly stationed in the inner city.
Five battalions are distributed in outer cities and suburbs. China Battalion is stationed in the Yuanmingyuan area, led by a lieutenant (affiliated to the general company from the second grade) and divided into five seasons (with 370 to 580 officers and men each season); Nanying is outside the city and the southern suburbs, and governs six floods; North camp is divided into northern suburbs, left camp is divided into eastern suburbs, and right camp is divided into western suburbs. The above three battalions are all under the jurisdiction of Sihong.
Five battalions patrolled 23 floods. There is a general and a guerrilla in the south, north, left and right battalions. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, one company commander left and one company commander right were added. The left company commander controls Nanying and Zuo Ying, while the right company commander rules Beiying and Youcao.
In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), five ambassadors were set up in Baita Mountain (now Qiongdao in Beihai). If there are riots, enemy situations, fires and explosions in Beijing, they will be expelled from the gold medal. Each of the nine inner doors has five letter cannons. As soon as the White Tower fires, nine guns will burst into flames. After hearing the guns, the officers and men stationed in Beijing immediately gathered separately to stand by and watch.
After eight years of Qianlong (1743), Xinbao and its management system were handed over to the yamen under the command of Bujun. The capital has nine gates in the inner city and seven gates in the outer city. Officers and men are stationed at the inner and outer gates and are responsible for access control. In the early years of Shunzhi, the gatekeeper called thousands of people. In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), there were also Cheng Menwei and Cheng Men School.
In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), the name of the end of the city gate was changed to Chengmenling (Zhengsipin), and the name of the corner of the city gate was changed to Chengmenli (Zhengqipin). There are nine gates in the inner city, and each gate has two gate lengths, two doormen and two gate lengths. There are seven gates in the outer city, and each gate has a gate manager, a gate clerk and two gates.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shuntian Yin Fu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Commander of the Fifth Battalion of the Nine-door Step Army of the Prefect