Zhang Hong was named in the corridor because he borrowed money from the Internet and didn't pay it back. From 2065438 to September 2008, he has borrowed10,000 yuan from online loan companies and signed a contract of "beheading interest". After that, the lender lured him to continue lending on the grounds of increasing the loan amount and lowering the interest rate, so as to increase the loan amount. Half a year later, he paid more than 4.07 million yuan in more than a dozen online loan companies, but he also paid nearly 600,000 debts, which was really unaffordable.
The corridors in Zhang Hong are painted red because they can't afford the money. Photos provided by interviewees.
2018165438+1On October 23rd, Zhang Hong reported the case to Qiaoxi Branch of Xingtai Public Security Bureau in Hebei Province. Four months later, Qiaoxi Branch found an online loan company that lent money to Zhang Hong and arrested this routine loan gang across Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
According to Liang Chao, a policeman from the Third Squadron of Qiaoxi Branch, all the 16 suspects of this gang have been arrested. After investigation, the case involved more than 500 victims/kloc-0, involving 200 million yuan.
In recent years, the cases of "routine loans" in the name of private lending are on the rise in the country. 2065438+On April 9, 2009, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Opinions on Handling Criminal Cases of Routine Loan, which clarified the difference between routine loan and private lending and demanded that routine loan be severely punished according to law.
I just want to borrow a few thousand dollars to pay back my credit card.
Wang Ming, who is in his thirties, never thought that he would fall into a routine loan.
He is a salesperson of a beverage company in Zhejiang, with a monthly income of nearly 10,000 yuan. He also has his own small business, which can earn some extra money and is regarded as a high-income group in the local area.
From 2065438 to September 2008, due to operational difficulties, Wang Ming urgently needed several thousand yuan for turnover. He doesn't want to worry his family, nor does he want to borrow money from relatives and friends. Just as he was worried, a strange phone call came. The other party claimed to be a small loan company and directly reported Wang Ming's name and asked him if he needed to borrow money.
Wang Ming, who is short of money, casually asked: How to borrow it? The other party said that as long as the information is submitted online for review, the loan can be obtained. "What about the interest?" The other party did not directly answer his question, but asked the loan amount: "It depends on the audit results. You don't have to borrow 23 thousand or 25 thousand. " Wang Ming didn't think too much and directly added WeChat friends to each other.
It is purely accidental that Wang Ming was "targeted" by online loan companies. After the gang was arrested, Ajie, the criminal suspect in charge of loan review, told the police handling the case that most of the customer resources came from a network platform. The online loan company spent 40,000 to 50,000 yuan to buy an account on the platform, which contained various customer information such as name, mobile phone number and ID card information. On average, a customer profile costs only a dozen dollars.
Ajie said that they used the method of "casting a wide net", and people on the contact list, such as Wang Ming, who is in urgent need of capital turnover, are likely to miss the net.
Unlike Wang Ming, who has never been exposed to online lending, Zhao Qi, who works in Guangdong, is a frequent visitor to online lending. All his loan records can be found on an electronic loan platform. Such people are usually regarded as "key customers" by online lending companies.
In order to keep good credit information, he always pays back on time and never defaults. However, in the middle of 20 18, due to frequent borrowing, his credit information was still "crossed". He can no longer borrow money from regular loan companies, and bank loans can't pass the examination. "Although there are income certificates and business licenses, they feel that you usually borrow one or two thousand dollars. Is there a problem with repayment ability? "
"Everyone thinks that people who borrow money from routine loans must have bad habits. But in fact, their original intention may only be to ask for thousands of dollars in liquidity. " Liu, the third brigade policeman.
"I still feel strange to see that I need so many materials. I can read my ID number and home address, and I don't know why I want a Taobao account and a photo. " Wang Ming guessed that these materials were probably submitted to avoid borrowing money and not paying it back. Without asking too many questions, he improved the materials step by step under the guidance of the suspect.
A relative of a borrower received a reminder message because he couldn't pay back the money. Photos provided by interviewees.
After more than two hours, Wang Ming finally submitted all the information. The auditor of the online loan company told him that with his qualifications, the first loan can only be 3,000 yuan at most, deducting 30% of the "beheading interest", and the real 2 100 yuan will be repaid in full after 7 days.
"beheading interest" means that the lending company deducts some money from the principal when lending, and when repaying, the borrower needs to return the unpaid money together. Auditor Ajie said that this is the unspoken rule of the small loan industry. Generally speaking, beheading will charge 30% of the principal.
"I won't borrow so much money and so much interest." Wang Ming suddenly lost interest. He told the auditor that he needed four or five thousand yuan, which didn't work at all. But the auditor advised him that he might as well borrow it for two hours anyway. According to the company's regulations, old customers who borrow money can enjoy preferential policies of raising the amount and reducing the interest rate.
Wang Ming thought it made sense, so he thought of the discount of raising the amount and lowering the interest rate. He hasn't calculated the interest of beheading 30% a week as an adult, but he thinks that 900 yuan is not much, and it is not difficult after 7 days.
In fact, the annual interest rate of Wang Ming's loan has reached 3085.7 1%. According to the Supreme People's Court 20 15 "Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Private Lending Cases", if the annual interest rate agreed by both lenders and borrowers does not exceed 24%, the court only supports the lawsuit, and the part with annual interest rate exceeding 36% is invalid.
"For different victims, the average annual interest rate of this gang's loans has reached 1500%, and some are higher. This is usury. " On May 14, Liang Chao, a policeman handling the case, said. But they lend money quickly, and many borrowers only need a few hours or even less from submitting information to getting a loan. This is very attractive to people who need money badly.
The 30% beheading rate provided by this online loan company to Wang Ming is not the highest. When Zhang borrowed money from the suspect for the first time, the other party charged 50% beheading interest.
At that time, he was holding
When I got a loan of 1 0,000 yuan, I gave the lender "Dragon Shark" an IOU of 20,000 yuan. "Dragon Shark" said that the deducted 1000 yuan was interest. If Zhang Hong can repay 20,000 yuan in five days, he can raise the quota and lower the interest next time.
In order to win Zhang Hong's trust and make this deal, Dragon Shark introduced him to an online loan company named Fu You Finance, which also gave Zhang Hong a loan line of 20,000 yuan with beheading interest of 30%.
The practice of never paying back money.
Wang Ming admitted that one of the reasons for choosing online loans was moved by the temptation to increase the quota and lower interest rates.
The auditor told him that as long as he borrowed money from their company several times and repaid it on time every time, he would enjoy the preferential policies of old customers in the future. The amount of a single loan is more than 6,543,800 yuan, and the interest is only 654.38+ 0% per month. "For example, if you borrow 65,438+10,000 yuan, the interest for one month is only 65,438+10,000 yuan, and you can also repay the loan in installments, and pay off the principal and interest in several months or half a year." Wang Ming believes that this method pays less interest and less repayment pressure, which is very cost-effective.
Since I contacted the online loan company from September 2065438 to September 2008, every time I communicated with WeChat, the financial personnel who handled it would tell Wang Ming that I could handle a large amount of interest at low interest. But when they do lend, they will put it off until the next time. After three or four times, Wang Ming's debt has doubled or tripled, and he still can't afford it. The financial personnel refused to raise the amount or cut the interest rate on the grounds that he could not repay the loan on time.
Wang Ming said that sometimes, the shopkeeper refused to continue lending for no reason on the grounds of company regulations, and instead recommended another online loan company for him. The new company refused to handle a large amount of low-interest loans for Wang Ming on the grounds that he was a new customer.
In more than two months, Wang Ming contacted the financial personnel of more than a dozen companies, but he never got the so-called interest rate increase or decrease. Once he was in a hurry and insisted on discussing with the financial staff. The other party suddenly softened and said, "The boss has the money. We're just working. We don't have that much authority. We will definitely help you fight for it next time. "
Wang Mingqi suspicious, "how are you all the same? Do the bosses know each other? " The other party said they didn't know, that was the boss's business. Later, the whole gang was arrested, and the police handling the case told Wang Ming that more than a dozen financial personnel actually came from the same company, and some even played by the same person.
A month and a half later, Wang Ming finally realized that raising the quota and cutting interest rates were just a cover for online lending companies to continue to borrow money, which was a promise that could not be fulfilled at all. But at this time, his total debt has changed from the initial 3000 yuan to more than 80000 yuan.
After seeing the problem, Wang Ming hopes to get out as soon as possible. He sold his car and gold, paid back more than 60 thousand, leaving only 20 thousand in arrears. At this time, the financial staff recommended him a new finance with a loan of 30,000 yuan, and after deducting 30% beheading interest, he got 2. 1 10,000 yuan.
Wang Ming paid back the 20,000 yuan he owed before, but the debt increased by 1 10,000 yuan. According to the rate of repayment every 5-7 days, in less than a month, 30,000 rolled into hundreds of thousands. "I know it's a trap, but I can't borrow it." Wang Ming said.
In this regard, Liang Chao, a police officer handling the case, said that "routine loan" was named after "routine loan", and compared with ordinary usury, the suspects had more deception links. In the name of increasing the loan amount, they will induce borrowers to continue borrowing to support loans. "In fact, when the borrower pays back the money for the first time, it will no longer be borrowed, and the loan company has no choice. As long as the borrower continues to borrow money, interest will roll, and soon small loans will become huge debts. "
On March 26, Xingtai police destroyed two inter-provincial "routine loan" gangs and seized computers, mobile phones, group pagers and other equipment. Photo courtesy of respondents
Another routine is called "extension". Doing "extension" was originally a way for loan companies to deal with borrowers' non-repayment. Paying more interest can extend a period. However, loan companies sometimes deliberately hinder borrowers from repaying loans or force borrowers not to repay loans on time. In this way, the online loan company not only earned a high extension fee, but also constantly fished the borrower to keep him from decoupling.
On several occasions, Wang Ming collected enough money to prepare for repayment, but the auditor told him that he could not pay it back first, postpone it several times, and raise the amount next time he borrowed money. If the extension is not made, the shopkeeper will not borrow money again next time, and then Wang will have to find a way to pay back the money himself.
"When he asked me to extend the deadline, I had reached the state of raising loans with loans." Wang Ming said that he dared not do it. It is almost impossible for borrowers to raise repayment funds.
Zhang Hong also had the experience of being "extended". 2065438+September 2008, he borrowed a sum of money to settle the arrears, but the auditor said that there was something wrong with the repayment account and it would not be used until the next day. "It can be postponed for one day." At that time, the principal owed by Zhang Hong was 6,543,800 yuan+0.5 million yuan, and the delay fee was one day 1 10,000 yuan. Because he is an old customer, the auditor gave him a discount of 10%. On another occasion, the auditor said that the boss had gone abroad and asked Zhang Hong to postpone it for three days.
Half a year after falling into the conventional loan, Zhang Hong paid more than 800,000 yuan only for the extension fee. "Every time they earn some money, they extend it in another way. After the extension, the money in their hands is almost spent, and they can't afford it. " Zhang Hong told the police.
From 1 10000 to 4 million
Because the loan cycle is only a few days, Zhang Hong's first two debts are due before he can collect enough money. In order to pay back the money borrowed from the credit card, he borrowed some money from the credit card and borrowed 40 thousand from his friends to pay back the money. Excluding the principal he used, he lost interest of 6.5438+0.6 million yuan.
Zhang Hong, who could have stopped here, was thinking about a large loan of more than 65,438+10,000 yuan. He wanted to borrow a large sum of money to relieve the economic pressure during that period. So on the day of the first repayment, he wrote another loan note to Dragon Shark and borrowed 50,000 yuan.
Excluding 50% beheading interest, 50,000 yuan became 25,000 yuan in Zhang Hong's hand. "Dragon Shark" introduced him to the third online loan company. After deducting the beheading interest of 30%, Zhang Hong borrowed RMB 2 1 000 from the third company and RMB 1 000 from the previously borrowed "Caicaicai". In just five days, his debt changed from 40,000 yuan to 654.38+10,000 yuan.
For borrowers like Zhang Hong, after several rounds of loans, online lending companies no longer need to pay. For example, Zhang Hong borrowed 70,000 yuan last time and paid it back five days later. But when it's due, he can't get the money, so he can only borrow the new and return the old. At this time, the financial staff will take the initiative to put forward that "it is too much trouble to transfer money everywhere." "He said this time to give you a quota, borrow 65438+ ten thousand. You just need to make an iou. " After paying a debt of 654.38 million yuan, Zhang Hong didn't have much money, but his debt to the online loan company suddenly increased by 30,000 yuan.
During this period, several online lending companies took the initiative to lend money to Zhang Hong, with the amount ranging from several thousand yuan to ten thousand yuan. The repayment period is 7 days, 5 days, and the shortest is only one or two days.
Because the beheading interest is high, the more principal you borrow, the more interest you lose. 20 18, 10 In September, Zhang Hong wrote an IOU of * * *185,000 yuan to four lending companies, but actually only got120,000 yuan. 10 days later, Zhang Hong has written more than 20 IOUs with a total amount of more than 800,000 yuan, but the actual amount is less than 500,000 yuan.
In order to pay back the money, Zhang Hong sold his car and house, and secretly took out more than 2 million wealth management products deposited by his elders in the bank to repay the loan. By 2065438+March 2009, he had paid more than 4 million to more than a dozen online loan companies, but he still owed nearly 600,000.
Because the money has not been returned, a relative and friend of a borrower received a photo of the borrower after PS. Photo courtesy of respondents
Zhao Qi's debt is also accumulated bit by bit. In half a year, his debt changed from the initial 5,000 yuan to nearly 600,000 yuan.
Later, Zhang Hongjia's corridor and doorway were also painted with the words "pay back the money" in red. He is too scared to go home. He must wear a long hat and a pair of big black-rimmed glasses when he goes out. When he walks in the street, he always feels that someone is watching him.
Wang Ming has also experienced violent collection. Once, because of the failure to pay back the money on time, the online loan company called his parents' home: "Your son owes millions, so don't think about it if you don't pay back the money!" His parents were frightened and asked him what was going on. He patted the table calmly on the phone and accused rampant telecom fraud: "liar! Don't believe me, let them find me directly! "
Putting down the phone, Wang Ming broke out in a cold sweat. "It's over, everyone in the family knows."
1500 victims, involving 200 million yuan.
2018165438+1October 23rd, desperate Zhang Hong reported the case to Qiaoxi Branch of Xingtai Public Security Bureau, Hebei Province. According to the online electronic IOUs, from September 20 18 to March 20 19, the online loan company * * * lent money to Zhang Hong for 78 times, with a total amount of 1.93 million yuan. However, the transaction records show that after Zhang Hong has repaid more than 4.07 million yuan in the same period, there are still six debts, with a maximum of 200,000 and a minimum of 50,000 yuan, totaling 599,000 yuan.
After Zhang Hong reported the case, Xingtai police quickly collected clues. By collecting WeChat and telephone information, they found that two online lending companies lent money to Zhang Hong: Kuaiyida online lending company in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, with 9 members; Capone Company in Ruian, Zhejiang Province has seven members.
According to Liang Chao, a police officer handling the case, the operating modes of the two companies are similar, with the lending period of 7 days and 14 days respectively, and the interest is raised through lending. "This has been exposed by this year's 3 15 party, called 7 14 anti-aircraft gun routine loan."
Liang Chao explained that routine loan is not a crime, nor a legal term, but a general term for crime. The alleged crimes include fraud, extortion, illegal detention, trouble-making, intentional injury and so on. "This kind of crime first appeared in 20 16, but because of the atypical means, most of them used harassing calls, verbal threats and other ways to collect debts, without killing people and involving illegal detention. Therefore, before the start of the 20 18 national crackdown on evil, many victims reported the case because of similar situations, but they could not accept it. " Liang Chao said.
Until April this year, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning Handling Soft Violence Criminal Cases, which clarified the illegal and criminal means and conviction standards of soft violence, and the handling of routine loan cases became legal.
On March 26, Xingtai police arrested the online loan company gang at Nanjing Airport. Photo courtesy of respondents
2065438+On March 26th, 2009, Xingtai police unified the network of gangs involved, arrested all 9 people in Nanjing and 7 people in Zhejiang, and escorted them back to Xingtai. In addition to two female suspects being released on bail pending trial, another 14 suspects have been detained in criminal detention.
Xingtai police found that there were more than 3 1 500 victims in 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country by looking at the account books of two criminal gangs involved. At present, the 200 million yuan involved is being traced simultaneously.
(At the request of the interviewee, Zhang Hong, Wang Ming and Zhao Qi are pseudonyms.)
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