One, three provinces and six departments
Door province 1
Also known as "Zuo Province". The functions and powers of the province under the door are to be in charge of the emperor's seal, the establishment of seats at the great court, the worship of watches, the declaration of yellow, the examination of foreign officials, the replacement of Zhailang at the end of the year, and the signing of various departments.
2. Zhongshu Province
Also known as "Right Province". The functions and powers of Zhongshu Province are in charge of suburban sacrifices, imperial books, state and county officials' examinations, year-end re-performances, civil servants' changing clothes, monks' giving purple clothes, juren's birth, and the number of temples. After Zongshen reformed the official system, Zhongshu Province took orders from the government. However, since the assistant minister of Zhongshu became a part-time or full-time deputy prime minister of Shangshu's right servant, it is no longer related to the Ministry of Zhongshu itself.
3. Shangshu Province
Also known as "provinces". The functions and powers of Shangshu Province are in charge of six departments, namely, officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, punishments and workers, and 24 departments, including sealing, scholasticism, merits and expenses. It is in charge of agreeing to posthumous title, offering sacrifices to shrines, taking oaths, giving gifts to civil and military officials in Beijing, and paying attention to the selection and relocation of officials.
4. Family Department
In the early Song Dynasty, three departments were set up to take charge of state finance, and the Ministry of Housing had almost no responsibilities. Only one member of the "family judge" was appointed to accept local taxes and then displayed in the palace. When Zongshen reformed the official system, the three departments were abolished and the national financial plan was returned to the household department. The Ministry is in charge of household registration, land, government decrees, money valley, tribute, collection and other affairs.
5. no
Taichang Temple was built in the early Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong, there was also a etiquette court, which was in charge of etiquette. The Ministry of Rites only appoints a member of the "Judge of the Ministry of Rites", who is responsible for the imperial examination and the replenishment of the ancestral temple. During the reign of God, the Imperial Palace was abolished and its functions and powers were transferred to the Ritual Department. In charge of ceremonies, ceremonies, ceremonies, banquets, schools, and imperial examinations.
6. Ministry of war
In the early Song Dynasty, the Privy Council was set up to take charge of military orders, and the examiners of the third-class hospital and Xiyuan were responsible for selecting military officers. The Ministry of War only cares about the etiquette and duties of the emperor, halogen books, martial arts and brave archers, and appointed a member of the Ministry of War.
When Zongshen was founded, there was a minister and assistant minister of the Ministry of War, one for the staff, one for the driver, one for the treasurer and one for the foreign minister. Their power was slightly expanded, and they were in charge of the militia, archers, boxers, warriors who tried martial arts, and minority officials who succeeded them.
7, punishments
In the early Song Dynasty, the Ministry of Punishment was one of the highest judicial institutions, in charge of criminal administration throughout the country, and tried and recovered cases of Dali Temple. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, a trial court was established, and the power of trial and restoration of the Ministry of Punishment was transferred to the trial court, becoming another highest judicial institution in the country.
During the reign of Zongshen, the trial court was abolished, the prison office in Beijing was picketed, and the right of peaceful trial and opposition was returned to the Ministry of Punishment. Since then, the authority of the Ministry of Punishment has been greatly expanded, and it is in charge of criminal law, prison litigation, execution, forgiveness and reform.
8. Official departments
The official department chief is the official department minister with one member, and the deputy chief is the official department assistant minister. Under him, there are two members, namely, the doctor and the foreign minister, who are responsible for the left and right selection of ministers in the official department and the left and right selection of assistant ministers.
The official department is in charge of the system of election, drafting, responsibility, promotion, resumption, supplement, class examination, title, policy, reward and punishment, temple and so on.
9. Ministry of Industry
There was only one member of the Ministry of Industry in the early Song Dynasty, and the functions and powers of the reclamation department, the security department and the water department were all assigned to the "three divisions", and the Ministry of Industry had few functions and powers. When Zongshen reformed the official system, the "three divisions" were abolished and the Ministry of Industry resumed its functions and powers. The Ministry of Industry is responsible for government decrees such as battlements, palaces, ships, equipment, coins and canals all over the country.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, the weapons supervision of generals and the water administration supervision of Beijing merged into the Ministry of Industry, and its authority was even expanded. The Ministry of Industry also manages the Military Equipment Research Institute and the Siwen Research Institute; Emperor Gaozong also set up a factory to manufacture imperial weapons, and appointed two prefects and several overseers to be responsible for manufacturing weapons. Siwen Institute is responsible for making gold, silver, rhinoceros jade and other utensils, with one prefect and three supervisors.
Secondly, the Privy Council.
The Privy Council is the highest body of the Prime Minister's national military affairs. In the Song Dynasty, the Privy Council and Zhongshumen were in charge of Wen and Wu Daquan respectively, which were called the "two houses" of things. The Official History of the Song Dynasty II said that the Privy Council was established in the early Song Dynasty according to the five dynasties system, which was called the "Second House" as opposed to the Chinese book.
Third, the third secretary
The third division was the highest financial institution in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and was called "provincial planning". At the end of the Tang dynasty, the tax laws were chaotic, and the income from land taxes and taxes could not maintain the huge expenses of the dynasty. State revenue mainly depends on salt, iron and expenditure. The functions and powers of the third division are in charge of the national tribute and national finance. The Chief Executive is a three-secretary ambassador, and his power status is no different from that of being in power, so he is called "the policy minister".
Fourth, the supervisory body.
In the Song Dynasty, the supervisory organs followed the Tang system, and the central government set up a censorate with three courts. "Official History of Song Dynasty IV" said: "There are three imperial courts: one is the imperial court, which serves the imperial history; Second, the temple, the palace waits on Li Yan; Third, the procuratorate, monitoring the empire. " There are An Yushi Doctor and An Yushi Zhongcheng on the Yushitai.
The duty of the censor is to "prevent the evil of officials and clean up the discipline." Great things are discussed, and small things are played. "Up to the prime minister, down to ordinary small officer, all in the supervision of impeachment suggestion.
Five, the temple director
Nine temples: Taichang, Zong Zheng, Guanglu, Weiwei, Taifu, Dali, Honghu, Sinong and Taifu. During the reign of Zongshen, nine temples performed their respective duties, but the duties of each temple were unbalanced. When Song Huizong was in power, Wang Dechen recorded in the book "A History of Sorrow" that there were many things in Taifu Temple, and Sinong Temple was called "Busy Qing" in charge of the warehouse and "Hangqing"; Guanglu Temple is responsible for offering sacrifices and food, and is called "Baoqing". Cracked temple is in charge of the tributes of neighboring countries, known as "Sleeping Qing".
Inspector: In the Song Dynasty, there were six inspectors, namely, Shefu, Jiangchang, Dushui and Sitian. The basic situation of prisons in the early Song Dynasty is that imperial academy is the highest institution of higher learning in China. The main duties of Shaofu supervisor have been assigned to Si Wen Yuan and Hou Yuan Fang. This supervisor only makes things like door halberds, holy garments and jingles.
The director only cares about offering sacrifices, offering memorial tablets, making stones, burning incense and washing water. And decrees related to folk craftsmen, as well as the repair and repair of the capital, are all under the responsibility of the "three divisions" repair case. Military equipment supervisor, responsible for manufacturing weapons. Our supervisor is responsible for observing astronomical phenomena, missing bells and drums and compiling almanac.
Sixth, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
The internal affairs office is the general organization of eunuchs in the Song Dynasty, and another internal affairs office is set up to govern trusted eunuchs. Eunuchs were not allowed to participate in politics in the Song Dynasty, so official ranks were set up to avoid confusion with scholars. The highest official award is only "staying behind" and only "sweeping" on weekdays.
Since the reign of God, eunuchs have received much attention. When Song Huizong was in power, eunuchs actually held the relieving power. The Southern Song Dynasty reiterated the ban that eunuchs were not allowed to interfere in state affairs, nor were they allowed to hold military posts concurrently, let alone apply for promotion to foreign official positions. Those who violate the regulations will be punished by exile for 2000 miles or expulsion.
Seven, the academician courtyard
The Hanlin Academy, a non-governmental organization of the central government in the Song Dynasty, has Hanlin Bachelor's College, the oldest of which is called Hanlin Bachelor's Career, followed by Hanlin Bachelor and Zhi Zhi Patent. The career is not permanent, and other bachelors have no places. The functions and powers of the Academy are responsible for drafting imperial edicts, pardons, credentials and documents used by the imperial court, and also serving as a consultant during the emperor's inspection. In fact, it was the emperor's secretariat and staff.
VIII. Military system
The military system in the Song Dynasty was very complicated, with imperial troops, sports, sports and model soldiers. The imperial army was the main military force to maintain the feudal regime in Song Dynasty. Defending the capital, guarding the border, fighting abroad and suppressing the people at home mainly rely on the imperial army.
Xiang Jun, Xiang Bing and Fan Bing are all local troops and generally do not leave the local area. Xiang soldiers were mainly set up in Hebei, Hedong (Shanxi), Shaanxi and other places to defend the Liao country and the Tangut. Fan soldiers were recruited from the northwest ethnic minorities. The two armies are small in number and scattered in strength. Xiang troops are scattered all over the country, with a large number of people, but they have no fighting capacity without military training. They are mainly used for local labor, and are actually a kind of service soldiers.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Official System in Song Dynasty