Secret service personnel are generally volunteers. They use their background, relationships, identities and skills to perform assigned tasks. They are similar to informants and different from full-time investigators. They are not formally established by the national criminal investigation organs, but social personnel who complete specific investigation tasks under the leadership and command of the investigation organs and investigators.
Criminal special circumstances refer to the hidden forces led and commanded by criminal investigation organs for investigating, discovering and collecting criminal information in criminal cases and cracking down on various criminal offences.
One of the top secret criminal investigation strategies is only mastered by public security organs, state security organs and military security organs, with the purpose of secret investigation, evidence collection, clues acquisition and monitoring.
The concept of criminal matter includes the following meanings: first, criminal matter is a way for investigation organs to exercise their investigation rights, which can only be established, led and used by criminal investigation organs; Secondly, criminal special circumstances can only be used to investigate, discover and collect criminal intelligence services in criminal cases; Thirdly, criminal special situation is a hidden force engaged in secret investigation activities; Finally, criminal special circumstances are different from full-time investigators, and do not have the official establishment of the national criminal investigation organ, but social personnel who complete specific investigation tasks under the leadership and command of the investigation organ and investigators.
The role of criminal special circumstances in criminal investigation
The special position of criminal special circumstances determines its special role in criminal investigation.
(a) the crime situation is an important means to detect the current serious cases.
Although the public security criminal investigation department has done its best to the current cases, it has achieved little, and the major cases that have not been solved for a long time have increased year by year. The reason is that the intelligence information of the criminal investigation department is ineffective and the eyes and ears are blocked. The ability of active attack is low. Therefore, in order to reform the passive situation of criminal investigation department, we must attach importance to strengthening the construction of secret forces, infiltrate reconnaissance forces into criminals, and speed up the detection of cases. This method of using criminal special circumstances to solve cases one by one is more rapid and timely than the method of criminal investigation department to solve cases step by step, and fully grasp the initiative in the struggle. Last year, Yangzhou, fengcheng city and other regions used special criminal information to solve 30%-40% cases, and Jiujiang used special information to solve 9 major cases. Yanshan county cracked 17 cases of highway robbery and theft under special circumstances. The actual work of the criminal investigation department shows that criminal special circumstances play an important role in solving crimes that other reconnaissance means cannot. This special effect is particularly prominent in the struggle against fugitive crimes.
Reform and opening up have promoted the great flow of people, money and things in society. With the popularization of modern means of transportation, mobile criminal activities are becoming more and more rampant. The fugitives have a wide range of activities and often commit crimes by leaps and bounds: they come quickly, commit crimes quickly, sell stolen goods quickly, and walk fast, which increases the difficulty of solving crimes. Therefore, according to the characteristics of fugitive criminals, we take advantage of special criminal circumstances to effectively control the foothold and the point of selling stolen goods of fugitive criminals, and "control the flow with the flow" to crack down on fugitive crimes. Jiujiang Public Security Bureau takes a fugitive crime as a special case. During the two years from 1984 to 1986, seven major cases were cracked and five major fugitives were arrested, which dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of fugitives.
(2) Criminal circumstances play an important role in effectively detecting premeditated cases.
Premeditated crime means that criminals go through a series of planned and prepared criminal planning processes before committing crimes. Including the formation and maturity of the criminal's criminal psychology, the choice of the target of infringement, the preparation of criminal tools and the evasion of investigation after committing crimes. Criminals infiltrated and embodied the characteristics of pre-planning and design in this series of criminal practice procedures. These changes in the characteristics of criminal activities have increased the difficulty and depth of solving crimes by public security criminal investigation departments. In other words, the traditional countermeasures of criminal investigation departments to deal with crimes can not fully adapt to the detection of premeditated cases. Therefore, at the 1984 national criminal investigation experience exchange meeting, the guiding ideology of "taking the initiative to attack first" was put forward, emphasizing the detection of premeditated cases.
The so-called "proactive attack, preemptive strike" is to let criminal intelligence actively approach criminals and broaden the sources of clues. It is not only limited to collecting information about cases that have happened, but more importantly, it is necessary to obtain information about pending and upcoming cases, and strive to eliminate crimes in the premeditated stage. Especially violent crimes such as hijacking, moving ships, hostage-taking and explosion. , may cause greater impact and loss, should be eliminated in the premeditated stage. Therefore, in order to eliminate the case in the premeditated stage, it is necessary to extensively open up criminal intelligence sources with secret forces as the main body and strengthen the construction of special circumstances of crimes. Make use of them to actively carry out investigation work, understand the ideological activities of dangerous elements in society through various channels, collect evidence of premeditated crimes, and transmit information to the public security criminal investigation department in time so that the criminal investigation department can grasp and study it in time and eliminate the crime in the premeditated stage. For example, the "8. 16" major premeditated robbery case uncovered in the second city of Ningbo, Shanghai, was discovered by a criminal project in Shanghai when collecting information and passed to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau in time. It can be seen that criminal special circumstances play an important role in detecting premeditated cases.
(3) The circumstances of the crime provide first-hand information for predicting the crime.
Predicting crime is to predict the future development trend of one or some crimes through comprehensive research on various crime information, which is conducive to doing prevention work in advance and preventing and reducing the occurrence of cases.
In the past, the criminal special intelligence work was often based on whether the clues provided by the special intelligence can directly serve to solve crimes and crack down on crimes, as a value standard. With the renewal of intelligence concept, we should enhance the initiative of criminal special circumstances. When the information of criminal special circumstances is transmitted to the public security organs, criminal investigators can grasp the dynamics or new situations and new characteristics of criminal offences in a certain period of time through the analysis, storage and retrieval of the information, and take targeted measures to strengthen the prevention work.