1. Defendants with physical defects such as blindness, deafness and dumb. You don't need to be blind, deaf and dumb at the same time, as long as you have one of them. If a defender is not entrusted, the people's court shall appoint a lawyer who undertakes the obligation of legal aid to defend him. Blind deaf-mute here means blindness must be blindness in both eyes; Deaf, unable to hear sound in both ears; Dumb, unable to speak. These physical defects bring difficulties or obstacles to the actor. He can't know problems and identify things like a normal person. The people's court must appoint a lawyer to defend him.
2. Minor defendant. That is, according to the Gregorian calendar, if the person subjected to execution is under the age of 18 and has not entrusted a defender, the people's court shall appoint a lawyer who undertakes the obligation of legal aid to defend him. Because minors are in the stage of growth and development, their intellectual development is not perfect enough, their social knowledge is little, and they do not have the ability to fully identify and control their own behavior. At the same time, there is also a lack of awareness of protecting their litigation rights according to law. Because minors are in such a special period, this provision by law is also a concrete manifestation of fully protecting their rights.
3. The people's court believes that the defendant may be sentenced to death according to the information and main evidence provided by the people's procuratorate. If the defendant fails to entrust a defender, the people's court shall appoint a lawyer who undertakes the obligation of legal aid to defend him. In the course of the trial, the people's court finds that the defendant may be sentenced to death according to the circumstances, but the defendant has not entrusted a defense lawyer, it shall adjourn the court and appoint a defense lawyer for the defendant. Because the death penalty is the heaviest punishment in China. People only have one life, and once the death penalty is executed, it is irreparable to find the mistake afterwards. Therefore, we must treat the death penalty with caution and let the defendant fully exercise his right to defense.