Introduction to the FBI
The FBI is the primary investigative tool of the U.S. Department of Justice. Pursuant to Section 533 of Title 28 of the United States Code, it authorizes the Attorney General to "appoint officers to investigate harm." Crimes of the United States," in addition to other federal statutes that give the FBI the authority and responsibility to investigate specific crimes. Existing investigative authorities cover more than 200 federal crimes. The list of the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives has been published since 1930.
The FBI's mission is to investigate violations of federal criminal laws and to support the law. It protects the United States by investigating intelligence and terrorist activities from foreign sources, assists federal, state, local, and international agencies with leadership and law enforcement, and performs its duties based on the needs of the public and fidelity to the principles of the United States Constitution.
After each investigation, the FBI will submit intelligence information to the relevant U.S. Attorney or U.S. Department of Justice officials, who will decide whether to authorize prosecution or take other action. Five areas affecting society have the highest priority: counterviolence, narcotics/organized crime, foreign counterintelligence, violent crime, and white collar crime.
The FBI has a checkered history, supporting and sometimes breaking the law. But in the minds of most Americans, it is the most effective agency in fighting crime. This specialized secret service has grown year by year and currently has more than 11,000 members. Most agents are stationed in foreign countries, serving as legal attachés to ambassadors at U.S. embassies, where the FBI calls itself "LEGATS."
History of the FBI
During the term of President Theodore Roosevelt, Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte established the FBI on July 26, 1908. The FBI is made up of professional agents. Initially called the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), it was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935.
Joe (John) Edgar Hoover became Bureau Director on May 10, 1924. At the time, the Bureau spent considerable effort investigating political activists (such as the socialist Albert Einstein) who had committed no crimes. While Franklin Delano Roosevelt was in office, Hoover was reminded that liberalism was not a crime but the politics of the current president and executive branch.
On November 24, 1932, the FBI Scientific Investigation Crime Laboratory (referred to as the FBI Crime Laboratory) was officially established.
In the 1930s, the FBI arrested notorious kidnappers, robbers, and murderers such as John Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin Karpis and George "Machine Gun" Kelly. The FBI also played an important role in the fight against the Ku Klux Klan.
From the 1940s to the 1970s, the FBI continued to investigate espionage cases against the United States. During World War II, the FBI captured eight Nazi spies who came to the United States on a sabotage mission.
The FBI has also done a lot of work against organized crime in the United States, cracking down on many criminal organizations and criminal groups, such as the Sam Giancana family and the John Gotti family.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the FBI conducted the controversial "Operation Cointelpro." The operation includes investigating and disrupting efforts by U.S. dissident groups. These organizations include military, nonviolent, and civil rights organizations. Hoover's investigation into Martin Luther King Jr. was also infamous - the FBI found no evidence of a crime but attempted to use tapes of his private sex life for blackmail. The Washington Post stated that the FBI also sent at least one anonymous letter to Martin Luther King, encouraging him to commit suicide.
In the 1990s, evidence emerged that the FBI's Criminal Science Testing Laboratory was routinely making silly mistakes. In situations where the evidence would have exonerated the suspects, technicians reported that it had proven their guilt. When these errors were discovered, many of these cases were reopened.
Composition of the FBI
The Director of the FBI is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for a 10-year term; the first Director was Hoover, and the current Director is Robert Mueller. The Bureau has more than 20,000 employees, more than 8,600 of whom are field agents. The annual budget is $2.3 billion.
FBI's Mission
The FBI's mission is to investigate violations of federal criminal laws and to support the law. Protects the United States by investigating intelligence and terrorist activities from abroad and assists federal, state, local, and international agency leadership and law enforcement while performing duties consistent with public needs and faithful to the Constitution of the United States. Intelligence information from each FBI investigation is forwarded to the appropriate U.S. attorney or U.S. Department of Justice official, who determines whether to authorize prosecution or other action. Among the highest priority areas are counteratrocity, narcotics/organized crime, foreign counterintelligence, violent crime and white collar crime.
FBI Agencies
The FBI is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and consists of 10 functional departments led by the Assistant Director for Certification, Training, Criminal Investigations and Technical Services , and has field offices in 59 cities across the country and more than 400 "local bureaus" affiliated with these offices. The bureau also has field offices in 59 cities across the country, with more than 400 "local bureaus", and external offices in 22 countries around the world to carry out tasks assigned by the headquarters. There is a criminal "science laboratory", a "central fingerprint archive" and an "academy" dedicated to training senior agents and police officers.
The FBI’s National Academy is located at the U.S. Marine Corps Base in Quantico, Virginia. This training base for advanced agents and spies was established in 1972 and is completely surrounded by 385 acres of forest. It is difficult to Panoramic view from the air. The FBI's official website says such an environment promotes "security and confidentiality." Remarkably, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's training academy is also located nearby.
The main building of the FBI National Academy includes three dormitories, a restaurant, a teaching building, a forensic research and training center, an auditorium that can accommodate 1,000 people, a chapel, a large Gym, an outdoor track and a fully equipped car repair shop. In addition, the National Academy offers a simulated city for students at the FBI and DEA training academies. Nearby SimCity are an indoor shooting range, eight outdoor shooting ranges, four skeet ranges, and a 200-meter rifle and submachine gun range.
Major Feats of the FBI
During the 1930s, the FBI arrested many notorious kidnappers, robbers, and murderers. The FBI also played an important role in the fight against the Ku Klux Klan.
From the 1940s to the 1970s, the FBI investigated espionage cases against the United States. During World War II, the FBI captured eight Nazi spies who came to the United States on a sabotage mission.
The FBI has also carried out a lot of work against organized crime in the United States, cracking down on many criminal organizations and criminal groups, such as the Sam Giancana family and the John Gotti family.
Controversial FBI Operation
Operation Cointelpro: In the 1950s and 1960s, the FBI conducted the controversial "Operation Cointelpro." The operation includes investigating and disrupting efforts by U.S. dissident groups. These organizations include military, nonviolent, and civil rights organizations. Hoover's investigation of Martin Luther King Jr. was also notorious because the FBI found no evidence of a crime and attempted to use tapes of his private sex life for blackmail. The Washington Post stated that the FBI also sent at least one anonymous letter to Martin Luther King, encouraging him to commit suicide. In the 1990s, the FBI's Criminal Science Testing Laboratory routinely made silly mistakes.
In situations where evidence might have exonerated suspects, technicians reported that they were guilty. When these errors are discovered, many of these cases are reopened.
Firing Chaplin: In 1922, FBI agents went undercover in Chaplin's studio to monitor his activities. Within a short period of time, the undercover agent reported to the director that the studio was filled with "big-mouthed Bolsheviks" and a large number of "film radicals" who were discussing "how great it is to have films that educate and promote the labor movement and revolution." important". The topic of discussion was "The Importance of Film as Educational Propaganda for the Workers' Movement and Revolution". After receiving the report, Burns, then the director of the FBI, immediately asked his subordinates to collect and organize files on ideological trends in the film industry, listing the radical activities in the film industry, especially "how to promote **** productivism through movies", and Trying to explain that "the film promotes productivism" will have a negative impact on the workers' movement and revolution. Some people say that "movies promoting communist ideology" will have an ideological impact on the public, and it is necessary to closely monitor them.
Surveillance on Einstein: After World War II, the FBI began to spy on Einstein. Because Einstein endorsed Nazism, supported the civil rights movement, anti-war organizations, and some socialist ideas, agents were concerned that such a prominent figure who criticized U.S. policy would have a negative impact on society. The FBI created a detailed personal file on Einstein in order to find incriminating evidence and deport him. The file is 1,424 pages long and records every aspect of the FBI's investigation into Einstein.
FBI Scandals
In recent years, the FBI has been exposed to numerous scandals, indicating that there are still many problems with its internal systems. It has also been severely criticized by the outside world.
On July 17, 2001, some unnamed FBI officials revealed to the media that the FBI had lost nearly 200 laptops and approximately 450 weapons in the past 11 to 12 years. The FBI determined that one of the missing laptops must have stored classified information and that three other laptops may also have stored classified information. The thieves made off with 13 of the missing computers, and some other laptops may have been lost while being moved from one department to another. Of the nearly 450 weapons lost to the FBI, about 184 were stolen. About 13 of the missing weapons fell into the hands of criminals, who used them in robberies. While the vast majority of lost weapons are small hand-carried weapons, there are also larger firearms such as assault rifles.
In addition to the thefts, some of the firearms were apparently lost during a joint training event between the FBI and other law enforcement agencies. FBI insiders also have ties to the missing weapons. Sixty-six of the missing weapons were linked to a retired agent, and four missing weapons were linked to agents who were on leave or dead. Among the FBI's "mistakes," the Russian Federation bombings are also noteworthy. At that time, the FBI omitted thousands of pages of important documents from the defense lawyers of McVeigh, the mastermind of the Oklahoma City bombing, causing McVeigh's death sentence to be postponed from May 16, 2001, to June 11, 2001. forced execution.
In addition, it was revealed that senior FBI agent Hansen was a Russian double agent who had been lurking for 15 years, causing public outcry and the FBI losing face! The improper handling of the case of Chinese scientist Li Wenhe also caused the FBI to lose face!
The relationship between the FBI and China
The FBI Beijing Office was established on October 22, 2002. The office is located at the U.S. Embassy in China. As the FBI's 45th overseas field office, the Beijing office has two special agents responsible for the FBI's affairs in China. Before the Beijing office was established, information was communicated to China's Ministry of Public Security through the Hong Kong office. This state of affairs began in 1966 and officially ended in 2002.
The FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
The "America's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list was established by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on March 14, 1950 for the purpose of publishing Photos of the main fugitives as well as simple information such as age, height, weight, build, hair color, eyes, skin color, gender, race, occupation, alias, etc.
The purpose of the program is to help the public capture key fugitives by releasing their photos and brief information such as age, height, weight, body shape, hair color, eye color, skin color, gender, race, occupation and aliases. It is not "easy" to be on the list of "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives". It has to go through special agency selection, primary selection and other steps, and is finally finalized by the deputy director of the FBI himself. The fugitives who can be included on the list all have long-term serious criminal records or are considered to pose a serious threat to society. There is no distinction between high and low.
The FBI's "Top Ten Most Wanted" list:
"Terror Tycoon" Bin Laden (reward of $50 million)
"Terror Tycoon" Bin Laden - Bin Laden (a bounty of US$50 million)
"Terror Tycoon" Bin Laden (a bounty of US$50 million) "Bin Laden: Bin Laden is the leader of the "Al Qaeda" organization and is suspected of murdering him in August 1998 Attacked the US embassy in Tanzania and Kenya on the 7th, and was suspected of causing the "9-11" terrorist attacks
Diego Montoya (reward of US$5 million) (captured in September 2007). )
Digo Ryan Montoya Sanchez, "Big Drug Trafficker": Sanchez is wanted for smuggling tons of cocaine into the United States. Sanchez is said to be a member of Colombia's largest drug cartel, the "North Valley Carter". One of the leaders of the Northern Valley Cartel.
"Gangster" James J. Berg (reward of $1 million)
"Gangster" Boss "James J. Berg": Berg is the leader of a criminal organization in Boston, the capital of Massachusetts. It is said that Berg has a bad temper and carries a knife. He may be armed and extremely dangerous .
"Million Robber" Victor Mainz Gogner (reward of $1 million)
"Million Robber" Victor Main Z-Gogner: Gogner was a mechanic and security guard. He was suspected of carrying out an armed robbery of a security company in Connecticut in 1983, and successfully made away with a huge sum of US$7 million. During the robbery, Gogner. Na took two security guards hostage
"The murderer and corpse-burning devil" George Alberto Lopez Ozco (reward of $100,000)
"Murder. The corpse-burning demon "Jorge Alberto Lopez-Ozco": On August 11, 2002, the charred bodies of a woman and her two children were found in a burned car. Each victim was shot in the head and chest.
"The Wife Killer" Robert William Fischl (reward of $100,000)
"The Wife Killer." "Robert William Fischl: Fischl is suspected of killing his wife and two children in 2001 and setting fire to their home in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Ge Glenn Stewart Godwin ($100,000 reward)
Glenn Stewart Godwin: Godwin is best known for his two successes Prison escape. In 1987, Godwin was about to be executed for murder, but he successfully escaped from a California prison. In April 1991, Godwin was suspected of killing a fellow inmate and escaped again five months later. Still at large.
Alexis Flores (reward of $100,000)
Joe Savarino Schillaci (reward of $100,000)
Emigidio Preciado (reward of $100,000)
The "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" are usually fixed at ten, and then one is removed. When one is removed, another is added, but occasionally there are more than ten - Earl Ray, the 1968 murderer of Martin Luther King Jr., was the first "Eleventh Most Wanted".