Wigs with male horns (including raw, clean and ugly) have a full top (covering the whole head) and a half top (the back of the head is ear-long). The rest of the wigs except the half top are called "head pieces", which refer to the hair pieces on the sideburns and the tips of the United States. Yellow glue will be attached near the cheeks, and the place near the head will be fixed with hairpins or hairpins. Different characters also have different wigs. Sometimes it will be matched with different styles of wig headdresses, such as hair when you are poor and hair when you are down. There are also hair throws, sideburns and doll hair. Bun, also known as water hair, is used to express various emotions such as panic, anxiety, panic, despair and even madness. You can also show different images, such as long hair, disheveled clothes, disheveled clothes, untidy appearance and so on. When performing, actors often shake their long hair constantly to show the physical reaction of the characters struggling under the stimulation, so it is called "hair toss", which is a special dance tool besides modeling. Actors should use specific somersault skills, dance with their heads and necks, and shake their hair to describe their emotions, which is called "hair-shaking works". Those who play middle-aged and elderly men will also wear fake beards, which are called "Dunkou". The shape and color of entrepot also represent the identity and personality of the role, and you can also express your emotions by poking entrepot, which is called "entrepot merit".
There is a kind of wig called "big head" in Dan Jiao, which is divided into locks and called "membrane". Before sticking, you should tie up your hair with a hair band, comb the film flat with shaving water, stick it along the hair band, use a few oval ends as bangs, and put two sharp ones at the temples, with the wide face sticking inward and the small face sticking outward. After combing the hair, ornaments such as cymbals will be inserted at the edge of the hair bundle, plus a bun (usually a high bun) made of real hair or other materials, and then headdresses such as hairpin, hairpin, bead flower, top flower and walking wave will be inserted.
The types and uses of wigs are slightly different according to various local operas, dramas, industries and roles, but the basic shapes are similar. Actors need to change appropriate wigs according to the development of the plot. From the front, there are four suitcases: clothes, helmets, sundries and handles. Wigs and mouthparts will be put in a suitcase called a glove box before use. After changing it into six boxes, the horned wigs and moustaches are put in a suitcase called "helmet box", while the horned wigs are stored in another suitcase called "comb table", which is arranged by a technician who is also a filmmaker to make up and comb the horns. Nengju
The main characters of an energy drama (including officials, companies and threats) are all past figures, and they need to wear masks (energy faces) to perform. Wigs and energy faces are used together. There are two kinds of wigs, one is to fix the hair on the actor's head and comb it into the desired hairstyle, and the other is to make it into a hood. Wigs can be divided into four categories: じょぅかみ, drooping hair and unkempt hair. Some wigs that can be used for drama weigh up to four kilograms.
The most representative wig is "かつら" which plays the role of a woman. The wig is fixed on the head with a comb, sewn from the middle, covering the ears, gathered to the back of the head to form a bun, and then wound around the back of the head with a belt, with both ends of the belt hanging from the back. Among the five major operas, "San Fan Mu Neng", nicknamed "Li Neng", takes women as the leading role and mostly tells the story of a beautiful woman in Heian period. When an actor plays a beautiful woman, he must wear this wig. In addition, there are the role of "basking in the sun" (ぅばかつら) and the role of "drinking food" (かっし).
The other three kinds of wigs also have their own characteristics. "Micro hair" (じょぅかみ) is made of yellow and white ponytail hair. The wig is fixed on the actor's head, and then gathered to the top of the head to form a flat long bun to cover the top of the head, which is used for the role of the old man. There are two kinds of drooping hair, one is the "white drooping" (しろだれ) elderly male, and the other is the "black drooping" (くろたれ) backcourt male god, goddess or shura player. Wigs with drooping hair should be used with crown hats and towels, because there is no wig on the top of the head with drooping hair. Put a round cover with a black wig on your head, and then put on a crown hat and towel. Wig is a rugged thick wig, made of long ponytail hair, and has three different colors. "Blackhead" (くろがしら) is used for male ghosts, monsters, boys and other roles. "Red Head" (ぁかがしら) is used for evil gods, dragon kings and ghosts. "Whitehead" (しろがしら) is used for characters such as the old dragon king and the ghost of the old man. When in use, you only need to wear the top canopy on your head.
kabuki
The styles of wigs used in kabuki are more diverse, with more than 100, including more than 60 kinds of male horns and more than 40 kinds of female horns. These wigs are very heavy, the heaviest can reach five kilograms, and the lightest is about two kilograms. Actors always put on a white hat to wrap their hair before putting on a wig. The use of wigs is also determined by gender, age, identity, personality, occupation, etc.
Common wigs are as follows. "Car sideburns" (くるまびん) are used by heroes and warriors. One side is bent outward, the fifth side is called "five-car sideburns", and the seventh side is called "seven-car" and "film" (かたはずし), which is used when playing the Wu girls' room, and a piece is inserted on it. "Blowing Wheel" (ふきわ) is a wig of aristocratic women, a big bun with flowers, combs and other ornaments. "Prince" (ぉぅじ) is used to openly rebel and other traitors, with long hair hanging down. "Swallow's Hand" (ぇんで) is also often used for villains. Because the hair at both ends of the forehead flies outward like the wings of a swallow, it is named, and there is a moustache on the top of the head. In addition, there are many kinds of "sick bowls" used by patients and "loose hair" used by mighty people. Actors in western traditional dramas always wear wigs when performing. Just like other traditional operas, the wig styles used in operas vary according to identity, gender, personality, occupation and background. For example, actors, heroines, villains, bad girls and other characters all have different styles of wigs, while in the17th century, characters will use large white wigs. Wigs used in opera (especially those used by the protagonist) are all customized according to the actor's head shape, so different actors will use different wigs when performing the same role in the same play, and less important or foil roles may use ready-made wigs. Some actors will customize wigs for their roles and bring them with them when performing. A lot of wigs are used in every performance of the opera. The more roles, the more wigs are used. For example, metropolitan opera's "Troy" in 2002-2003 needed to order 250 wigs. Due to the large amount of wigs used, some large theatrical troupes also have personnel and departments specially responsible for making wigs, and the number of wigs stored can reach 5,000 to 6,000.
Make a mold before making a wig. First, flatten the actor's own hair, wrap it with plastic film or tape from the top of his head to his neck, and then draw the actor's hairline on the plastic film. Then take off the film and put it on a model head about the size of the actor's head, which is filled with cotton, and then continue to wrap the film until it hardens to make a model. Then make headdress according to the required shape. The headgear is made of mesh material, and the front part should be made of soft and fine lace mesh that is not easily perceived by the audience. Then choose the hair with suitable material and color, and tie it up with hook tools with different headgear. Then shape the hairstyle you want, such as rolling the wig with a curling machine or a hairpin and braiding it. The whole process takes 24 to 40 hours. An ordinary wig weighs about 8 ounces, but some characters' wigs will be heavier, for example, they will be worn in rehearsal to test whether it is comfortable or not, and whether it will affect the performance. If there is any problem, hand it over to the wig maker for modification until it is suitable. After the performance, the unused wigs should be cleaned, then turned over and stored in airtight plastic bags, and information such as the repertoire, roles, producers, sizes and so on should be affixed. If the wig is dry or the hood is broken, cut off your hair and make a wig or a fake beard. Geisha in Japan have different hairstyles according to their qualifications. These hairstyles are often combed with wigs. The wig used must be real hair that has never been dyed. In the past, Japanese people seldom dyed their hair. It is not difficult to find hair for making geisha wigs in Japan, but modern Japanese often dye their hair, so most of the hair for making wigs is imported from Southeast Asia.
To add a wig to a geisha, you should first add hair gel from the root of the geisha's hair, then pour varnish on it, then buckle the wig low on the geisha's head until it reaches her forehead, and then fix it with a hairpin. Geisha's hairstyle is mostly a towering Teru Shimada moustache. Adding wigs and real hair can make the bun fuller. Geisha often keep this hairstyle, so it is also one of the characteristics of geisha.
Traditionally, maiko who did not become a formal geisha in the trainee stage used a real bun, but many modern Japanese girls' hair was not long enough, so some modern maiko also used wigs. In ancient times, prostitutes had to be trained in teaching workshops first. Trainees are called "child prostitutes", and they wear braids behind their backs like ordinary girls. Only a child prostitute who has passed the exam can officially become a prostitute, and a ceremony called "pan tou" is held to put on the parallel, and the prostitute after the pan tou can officially serve the guests.
Prostitutes in the stage of child prostitution are not allowed to wear hoses, while formal prostitutes wear large and heavy hoses even when they are not entertaining guests and performing. When the imperial court banned women from wearing parallel clothes, people knew they were formal prostitutes when they saw women wearing large and heavy parallel clothes with various decorations on them. Colorful wigs for performances and masquerade parties There are many kinds of modern performing arts, many of which use wigs.
Wigs are also commonly used props in modern dramas, including stage plays (musicals, plays, etc.). ), movies, TV series, etc. , especially costume dramas. This is because ancient hairstyles are usually complicated. In order to save time in combing hair styles, and to prevent actors from keeping a certain role's designated hair style until the end of the performance, they will make wigs for the plot in advance, and actors can participate in the performance as long as they wear one.
The wig style of costume drama is usually designed with reference to the background of the times, but in order to highlight the visual effect and some ancient hairstyles are difficult to verify, the wig style of costume drama may not be exactly the same as the historical hairstyle. When using a stuntman, make multiple wigs of the same style.
Some fashion dramas also require some actors to wear wigs according to the needs of roles and plots. For example, an actor with short hair will play the role of long hair, and using a wig can save time waiting for the actor to have long hair. For example, actors who lose their hair due to chemotherapy (such as cancer patients) often tie up their hair and wear unnatural wigs to make the audience realize that it is a wig. 1944, bette davis wears a wig after fighting diphtheria, and looks very fragile. I still feel sorry for her. Wigs are also used in some performing arts activities that require special clothes, such as clown performances, fashion models' catwalks, singers' singing and so on. Other non-professional performances, such as masquerade and cosplay, often use wigs.
clown
Clowns' wigs are mostly brightly colored. Although this hairstyle can't be modeled with real hair, frequent perming and dyeing will hurt the hair, and maintaining this hairstyle in daily life may cause inconvenience. Therefore, wigs become a necessity for clowns.
Singer singing
In recent years, singers pay attention to image packaging, and hairstyle is an important part of image, so wig is also one of the commonly used costumes of many singers. Especially when a concert is held, many sets of clothes will be changed to match different songs in a short time, so different styles of wigs will be used to match different images, saving time for changing hair styles.
fashion model
In fashion shows, when fashion models walk on the runway, they often use hairstyles to match the clothes they wear, and they need to change their styles in a short time. Some hairstyles need to be shaped with wigs, or they can completely replace real hair.
Cosplay
Some individuals or commercial organizations will play certain roles for specific reasons, such as attending masquerade parties, publicity activities (such as playing mascots, God of Wealth, election propaganda) and so on. In order to achieve better visual effects and facilitate hair style changes, wigs are often used.
Wigs are part of a costume for a masquerade ball. In addition to different colors of simulated hair, there are also some wigs made of glitter foil, which are often seen during Halloween.
Cosplay is a kind of role-playing, playing ACGN (animation, games) role. The hair color of many ACGN characters is different from the natural hair color of human beings. Players can't play this role without changing the color of their hair at all, and generally don't just play one role. If you change your hair color by dyeing it, it will not only be inconvenient, but also damage your hair quality. In addition, the actor's own hair length is not necessarily the same as the role he plays. Therefore, actors often wear wigs to make their shapes more realistic and have the essence of the role, and also avoid the inconvenience caused by dyeing hair and refuting hair. In recent years, many countries have proposed to abolish the traditional system of using wigs in court costumes. Some people think that wigs are out of date, and under the premise of advocating simplicity and modernization, court costumes should be changed. But some people think that wigs need to be kept. The issue of keeping or discarding wigs has been controversial for many years.
Advocate the abolition of the death penalty
1999 A poll shows that in England and Wales, two-thirds of people think that British judges know nothing about people's sufferings. People's reactions to judges' clothes and wigs are mostly "dislike" and "feel bad", and they also think that wearing wigs by judges gives people a feeling of being above others and making people feel that they are kings. Opinion polls also show that Britons question whether a judge wearing a wig can hold a fair hearing or make a fair judgment. According to the poll in 2000, only 365,438+0% people want civil court judges to wear wigs. According to a survey conducted by the British House of Lords in May 2003, two-thirds of the British people think that wigs and robes worn by British judges are out of date and need to be replaced, but at the same time, most people think that wigs and robes can still be kept in criminal courts. In a poll conducted by the British Ministry of Justice in June of the same year, 60% of the respondents thought that the court dress was out of date and felt intimidated, out of date and inaccessible. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, once said, "(British judges) are like mice peeping under cotton wool."
Some judges and lawyers also feel uncomfortable wearing wigs, especially in summer, which not only makes them feel stuffy, but also stinks. Another survey in Britain in early 2007 showed that 57% of lawyers were dissatisfied with wearing wigs, because these wig covers made of horse hair were very expensive and unsanitary, and many people often had itchy scalp. Some people even think that when a judge wears a wig in a bad mood in summer, he may vent his anger on the plaintiff or defendant. Some elderly judges and lawyers who have endured the inconvenience caused by wearing wigs for many years support the abolition of wigs. They think that the court is not a tourist attraction, and it doesn't matter whether the tradition is preserved.
Advocate reservation
However, some judges and lawyers do not want to abolish the use of wigs. According to the investigation in 2000, judges and prosecutors in criminal courts of civil courts are reluctant to take off their wigs, believing that wearing wigs in court can help hide their appearance and avoid interference and revenge outside the court. The survey in early 2007 also found that 70% of judges and lawyers still want to wear wigs in court, even if they have to put up with a ponytail half an inch thick in hot weather, and most of them are young judges and lawyers who oppose the abolition of wigs in court. They think that wearing a silver wig can improve their authority, and canceling traditional costumes will destroy the solemn atmosphere of the court.
Others think that the tradition of wearing wigs needs to be preserved, because some people habitually associate wigs with status, identity and even justice. After obtaining the right to appear in court, the lawyer made several representations to the House of Lords because he was not qualified to wear wigs, but all failed. Many defendants also give priority to barristers who can wear wigs to defend them, and some even think that wearing wigs will affect their ability to convince the jury. Although in a poll conducted by the British government in 2002, only 42% of the British people agreed to keep the habit of wearing wigs and robes for judges and lawyers, in a poll conducted by the House of Lords in May 2003, although 60% of the respondents thought that the court dress needed to be reformed, most people thought that the style of wigs and robes could still be kept in criminal courts. As early as1970s, in order to conform to the trend of reducing the form of family courts and promoting harmony, Australia abolished the requirement that judges and lawyers must wear wigs. But in 1987, it was said that the system of wearing wigs was restored because judicial personnel had been attacked many times. In 1992, Britain abolished the practice of wearing wigs for judicial personnel in juvenile special courts, because judges and lawyers wearing wigs scared a child to cry in court. As early as 1980, judges and lawyers in the Commercial Court of the British High Court stopped wearing wigs in court and changed to "international clothes" on the grounds that the image of clothes was outdated and could not keep up with the pace of modern commerce. However, the clothes of law enforcement officers in civil courts have not been modified since 1990.
1998, Lord Owen proposed to the selection committee of the House of Lords to slightly modify the dress and only wear ordinary pants and shoes, but the committee thought that "parliamentary etiquette is highly valued and the post of Speaker is extremely important. I hereby give up the traditional decoration of judges, or make a slight modification, which will lead to the consequences of reducing dignity and authority. " This proposal has also attracted criticism from the British Labor Party and the British Conservative Party. At that time, the poll also found that most people thought that judges should still wear traditional clothes, and the reform ended in vain.
After Hong Kong's sovereignty was transferred to People's Republic of China (PRC), judges and barristers still wore wigs in the first instance of the High Court and the District Court. In Australia, the New South Wales Court of Appeal voted in July 2007 to stop wearing wigs in trials in that state. On June 5438+ 10, 2007, the British Chief Justice's Office issued a statement saying that it was considering abolishing the practice of "wearing wigs".