-Voltaire
When it comes to sin, people may first think of the original sin theory in Christianity, as well as the causal cycle and karma theory in Buddhism. This is a religious crime, a violation of moral norms or the state of carrying out such acts. Usually this code of conduct is decided by a god (such as God, God, etc.). ).
However, crime in law is an illegal act that should be punished by criminal law, which is not exactly the same as morality, religion and custom. Whether it is a religious crime or a legal crime, its starting point is the people's heart. Because the human heart is the most difficult to adjust, and the trajectory of the human heart is the most difficult to follow, so there have been those large and small criminal incidents, with so many victims and sinners being tried by the secular. David fincher's movie "Seven Deaths" of the same name can best illustrate the evils of religion and secularism.
This is a maddening movie, which is known as "one of the most successful and representative psychological thrillers in the history of movies".
"A warning story with strong philosophical meaning". The background of the story is a city that rains all day. William is a criminal policeman of new york Police Department and an expert in homicide. He has been a policeman for 32 years. He has been working hard almost every minute for years. He has seen and felt too much misfortune. He felt very tired. Fortunately, he will retire in seven days and finally enjoy his retirement. In order to take over his job, he was assigned a new partner-young and energetic Mills. Mills and his wife Tracy moved to new york. At first, Tracy didn't agree to come to this chaotic city, but Mills thought it was the only place where he could take over some important cases. Under his persuasion, Tracy agreed.
William's style is rigorous and sophisticated, while Mills is a little impulsive. He is very proud of the way William handled the case. Maybe it's predestined. Mills' first case was William's last case-a surprisingly fat man was killed at home, but at the scene, Mills and William didn't find any clues.
Then another case happened. Gert, a rich defense lawyer, was killed. On the floor of the murder scene, the murderer wrote two words in blood: greed. Careful William returned to the previous crime scene, never letting go of every clue, and finally found two words behind the refrigerator: gluttony. Only then did they realize that he was forced to eat a lot of food until his stomach burst and he died. At this time, William suddenly thought of the sentence in Paradise Lost-the seven deadly sins of Christianity: gluttony, greed, laziness, anger, pride, lust and jealousy. He thinks that there will be five murders next, which has a terrible connection with other commandments, but Mills doesn't believe it.
Tracy invited William to dinner at home. Mills is a little unhappy, but Tracy and William have a good talk. The fingerprints found at the scene later made drug dealer Victor a suspect. He has a criminal record and mental illness. But when the police arrived to arrest him, they found him dead and the word "lazy" was written on the wall. Through the investigation data in the library, William finally locked the reporter anonymous, a pervert who peeled off the skin on his finger in order not to leave fingerprints. But when William and Mills went to look for him, he had already slipped away.
At John's house, they found a photo of a blonde prostitute. But when they found her, she was already dead, and the word "lust" was beside her. On Sunday, William will retire, and John called them to tell them that he did it again. A woman died naked in bed with "Pride" written next to her.
William decided to finish the case before he retired, but John suddenly dropped out of the first place. Cautious William thinks things will not be so simple, because there are still two unfinished crimes, and John must have something fishy. John admitted that there were two more bodies and was willing to take them to find them.
At this moment, someone sent a package to Mills. When William opened it, he found Tracy's head in it. John told Mills that it was jealousy that killed Tracy. In anger and sadness, Mills couldn't help himself and shot John-he committed the crime of "anger" and became the last person to complete the Seven Commandments. Watching Mills be taken to the police car, William was silent in the face of the sunset. This film presents a perverted religious killer to people. Director david fincher has no intention of using bloody sensory stimulation and a lot of chase scenes to achieve frightening results. He did not make a simple film illustration of the killing scene, but intended to reveal what was behind the killing.
This movie created a killer completely different from previous movies. They kill people not because they are bloodthirsty, but because they have strong theoretical beliefs and delusions to carry out his self-righteous purpose of saving through "trial" and preaching. The murderer may not even kill a chicken at ordinary times, but he found the basis for carrying out the gruesome killing behavior. Most importantly, he doesn't think he has committed a crime. The abnormal society is the external cause of this killer.
In real life, the serial pervert killer incidents in the United States are constantly reflected and embodied in movies. However, the root of evil still lies in the human mind. For example, the origin of the seven deadly sins in the film is the human mind. This terrible killer is judging these crimes, and finally he judges himself because of jealousy. In reality, many criminals are very close to the criminals in the film in spiritual temperament and ideas. Through analysis and comparison, we can quickly find that the evil from the heart is their common feature. In order to obtain psychological satisfaction (such as desire and greed), they do not hesitate to destroy their conscience, reputation and living environment, which is the source of evil. When the heart is full of evil, everything around it is evil. So in the eyes of the perpetrators, what they do is desirable. They are indifferent to everything.
You know, when people learn to be indifferent inside, everything around them is indifferent. At this point, they completely sink, commit crimes by hook or by crook, even in the name of people's authority, such as God. Knowledge Link The Italian poet Dante arranged the seven deadly sins in The Divine Comedy according to the severity of evil deeds, in the following order:
1. lust, that is, illegal sexual desire, such as adultery.
2. Gluttony means wasting food, or indulging appetite, drinking too much or hoarding too much food.
3. Greed, that is, wishing to possess more property than you need, is greed for it.
Laziness means laziness and wasting time.
5. Anger, that is, an inappropriate (evil) feeling caused by hatred, revenge or denial of others, and the desire to punish others in addition to the power given by law, is also classified as anger.
6. Jealousy means resentment and anger because the other party has more assets than himself.
7. Pride means expecting others to look at you or liking you too much.
The biggest evidence is the human heart? -ancient criminal psychology punishment is not enough to fear its meaning, and killing is not enough to convince its heart. -Guan Zhong "Kaifeng has Bao Qingtian, who is impartial and treacherous in distinguishing loyalty and faithfulness ..." Once, Bao Qingtian made Bao Zheng's reputation as a judge in the Song Dynasty widely circulated, and the world said that Bao Zheng's judgment reached the realm of "night trial of unjust death without forgiveness". Perhaps there are many exaggerated elements in it, but we can see that ancient times attached importance to criminal investigation.
In recent years, Di, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, was very popular and was stared at by TV dramas and movies. His glorious deeds are widely known. Of course, these are mostly fabrications and imaginations of later generations. De Renjie in the official history is famous for governing the country, and the reason why he is portrayed as Sherlock Holmes in ancient China is entirely because of novels like Di Gong An.
In fact, there were many wizards in ancient China. Most of them are civil servants, studying four books and five classics and taking the imperial examinations. Although they have not received any criminal investigation education, many of them are "Di Renjie".
According to the Book of Jin, one person was killed when he was a magistrate of Junyi County, and the murderer could not be found. He took the wife of the deceased into the county government, detained her for more than ten days before she was released, and then sent someone to follow her secretly, saying, "She can't walk ten miles. When someone comes, she will be tied up." Sure enough, the adulterer was caught with the prostitute. People asked him why and said, "If you communicate with this wife, you will kill her husband. As soon as I heard from her, I wanted to talk to her, and I was afraid of being close to the county seat, so I had to wait far away. " "So a county is called a god." After that, Li Jie in the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Jiang and Zhuang Zun in the Song Dynasty all had similar cases, and Jiang Heng and Zhang Songshou in the Tang Dynasty also had similar cases (they all arrested irrelevant people). Although ancient officials did not study criminal psychology in modern criminal investigation, most of them used it skillfully. For example, the following story:
When a prime minister surnamed Liu was working as a county magistrate, someone in the neighboring county rented a cow in the county and stole the lease while the owner was having a funeral, so that the lessor had no evidence to get the cow back.
The son of the cattle owner sued for ten years, but because there was no lease and it involved neighboring counties, the government never handled it. After Liu Tsai took office, the son of the cattle owner came to complain again. Liu Zai said: "The cow was lost for ten years. Once it is safe, it will be found back." He found two beggars, made them admit that they had stolen the cattle and sold them, took them to the house of the cattle renter, and identified the cattle renter as having bought the cattle they had stolen. The rented cow said, "My cow is rented by a certain family." The beggars insisted that this was the cow they stole.
The renter was in a hurry and took out the contract to prove that the cow was rented. Send someone to take the two sides back to the county government and lobby. The renter realized that he had been cheated and had to return the cow to its original owner. In fact, this is the so-called criminal psychology. In ancient China, if you knew someone was guilty but suffered from no evidence, clever ancient officials would create their own evidence. Such as picking dustpans, tearing pockets, inspecting eggplants, and asking cucumbers. In a word, wise trial judges are often good at grasping the essence of human nature and human psychology, finding out the clues of their crimes, thus breaking through their fragile psychological defense lines in one fell swoop and solving the crimes.
Di (607~700), a master of ancient and modern times, was a native of Taiyuan (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty and an outstanding politician in the early Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian called him "the old man in the country". As an official, De Renjie can be described as "a saint is fickle and takes the people as his heart". In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the will of the monarch and always maintained the true colors of being close to the people and not afraid of power. He always lived above the temple, worrying about the country and the people, and later called him "the pillar of the Tang Dynasty". During the reign of Wu Zetian, Di Renjie held the highest judicial post in China, trying long-standing cases and doubtful cases and correcting unjust, false and wrong cases. He was appointed Cheng Dali in charge of criminal law. In one year, he sentenced a large number of backlog cases, involving 6.5438+0.7 million people, and none of them appealed for rehabilitation, which shows that he is fair in handling affairs. In 700 AD, Di Renjie died, and the ruling and opposition parties mourned. Wu Zetian heard the news and cried: "The court is empty!" Give Wenchang Youcheng and praise Wenhui; Tang Zhongzong succeeded to the throne and posthumously presented Sikong; After Tang Ruizong acceded to the throne, he was named Liang Guogong. Behavior originates from thought-criminal psychology and criminal behavior.
The human soul has two aspects: good and evil. If an individual is well educated, the good in the soul can control the evil part, and people will not commit crimes, otherwise people will commit crimes. -Plato
Crime has always been a serious problem that puzzles human society. At the same time, how to reduce or even eliminate crime has become the goal pursued by human society. Many thinkers and scholars at home and abroad have explained the social phenomenon of crime from their own disciplines, and thus formed criminology, sociology of crime, criminal psychology and many other disciplines. Criminal psychology, as one of the important subjects to study criminal phenomena, studies the occurrence, development and law of criminal psychology and criminal behavior from the perspective of psychology, providing theoretical basis and methods for public security and judicial organs to expose, punish and correct criminals and prevent crimes in society. What is criminal psychology? Criminal psychology refers to all kinds of psychological factors that influence and dominate criminals to commit crimes, such as criminal motivation, anti-social consciousness, negative personality, cognitive characteristics and emotional characteristics of criminals. What is a criminal act? Criminal behavior refers to all kinds of behaviors that are socially harmful, violate the criminal law and should be punished by the criminal law, including intentional crimes and negligent crimes stipulated in the criminal law. Criminal psychology is closely related to criminal behavior, mainly in the following three aspects:
First, criminal behavior always occurs under the influence and domination of certain criminal psychology, and there is no criminal behavior without criminal psychology.
Second. To understand criminal psychology, we must first understand criminal behavior. Psychology is recessive and behavior is dominated by psychology, so we can understand psychology by analyzing behavior. The occurrence of criminal behavior is influenced by its psychology, and to understand criminal psychology, we must start with the study of criminal behavior.
Third, the nature of criminal behavior is often determined by the criminal's psychological state. Such as intentional crime and negligent crime in criminal law. Although criminal acts are all caused by criminal psychology, there are obvious differences between them besides certain connections. Compared with criminal behavior, criminal psychology has the following characteristics:
1. Criminal psychology is implicit. Criminal psychology is the activity of the brain, which is invisible and intangible when there is no corresponding behavior, while criminal behavior is explicit.
2. Criminal psychology is relatively independent. Criminal psychology existed before the crime, and may continue to exist after the crime. Criminal psychology does not necessarily lead to criminal behavior. Criminal behavior occurs under the influence and domination of criminal psychology, which is dependent.
3. Criminal psychology and criminal behavior are mutually causal, but there are also inconsistencies. For example, indirect intentional crime in criminal law reflects the inconsistency between criminal motive and criminal result. For example, under the control of revenge motive, a criminal sneaked into the enemy's bedroom at night to kill the enemy, but killed his wife by mistake.
4. Criminal psychology includes not only the psychology closely related to criminal behavior, but also the inner psychological process seemingly unrelated to criminal behavior, such as the criminal's childhood experience and subconscious mind. Schools of psychology VS Freud psychoanalytic criminal psychology, Skinner's operation, behavioral psychology and Rogers' humanistic psychology are important theoretical and practical techniques of contemporary psychology, which have a far-reaching impact on the research and application of criminal psychology and are an organic part of the basic theoretical system of criminal psychology.
Whether studying or studying the theory and technology of criminal psychology, it is closely related to it directly or indirectly. In the aspects of human nature, social control function of deviant behavior, aggressive behavior, abnormal psychological consultation and correction, and methodology of research and application, the views and differences of three typical schools of psychology in psychological concepts, strategies and technologies are worthy of reference and reflection by criminal psychology. It's not a borderline subject of mixed blood-criminal psychology is characterized by evil human nature and false goodness. -Xunzi's criminal psychology, as an independent discipline, has only a history of nearly a hundred years. It spread later in China than in Europe and America, but China's discussion on criminal psychology has a long history.
According to historical records, as early as 1 1 century BC, Zhou Gongdan had put forward his own views on the psychological causes and criminal motives of crime. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a hundred schools of thought arguing about the good and evil of human nature, which was a discussion on the causes of criminal psychology in the realistic sense. Mencius believes that people are full of compassion, shame and evil, and right and wrong. Some people do bad things because they are influenced by bad environment. Mencius said: "when you are rich, your children depend on you;" If you are fierce, your children will be violent. "Xunzi believes that people are born with the evil nature of" being good at profit ","being sick "and" being good at melody ",and only by" learning the law ",that is, educating people to abide by the etiquette and justice, can they not do evil.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu put forward the theory of "three qualities of nature", and he believed that "saints" were born with good nature; "Fighting people" are born evil; "China people" can be evil or good. The key is whether to educate them or threaten them with punishment. In addition, there is "example is better than words"; "If the son doesn't teach, the father is guilty"; "It's dark near Zhu Zhechi and Mexico" and so on. The above-mentioned "theory of good nature", "theory of evil nature" and "theory of three qualities of nature" all discuss the essence of human nature to some extent. Although there are different views, they all emphasize that human nature will be influenced by the acquired environment, which shows that environment, education and legal system will have a certain impact on human nature. It can be seen that many political thinkers and scholars in the history of our country have had incisive opinions on criminal psychology, but they have never formed a special knowledge. In other words, criminal psychology is not a borderline subject of mixed blood.
Since criminal psychology has not been able to form a systematic independent discipline in China, western criminal psychology began to be introduced into China around 1930s. At that time, some domestic scholars translated and published a number of western criminal psychology works, and some scholars wrote and published their own criminal psychology works, and even set up a criminal psychology research team and an academic group for criminal psychology research-the Legal Psychology Professional Committee of the Chinese Psychological Association. In addition, some representative views have been formed on the basic theoretical issues of criminal psychology.
For example, Luo Dahua's internalization mechanism of criminal psychology, criminal psychological structure theory, comprehensive criminal motivation theory, Shi Li's aggregation effect theory, Gao Feng's pluralistic criminal psychological view and so on. Xun Kuang (about 3 13 ~ 238 BC) is a master of ancient and modern times, a materialist thinker in the pre-Qin period in China, and an important criminal psychologist in this period. Like many ancient sages in China, Xunzi's research on criminal psychology also started with the theory of human nature closely related to the causes of crime.
Xun Kuang's theory of crime causes with "evil human nature" as the core and his theory of crime prevention with "turning nature into falsehood" as the main content finally formed a complete criminal psychology ideological system.