I count ten miles in Jiangnan, and the wind and the moon enter Huaqing. Yuan Chaoting went up to the west wind (4) and heard Yang Zuoyu's voice (5).
Brief introduction of the author
Du Chang was born in Yuzhou (Jixian County, Henan Province). In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), relying on the official power of Taichang Temple, he sent Qin and Feng to Shaanxi to organize some prison business. An official of the Minister of Industry.
To annotate ...
(1) The original poem was written by Wang Jianzuo in the Tang Dynasty and supplemented according to Chronicle of Song Poetry and Jiangshanghua. The chronicle of Song Dynasty is titled Huaqing Palace. Huaqing Palace: The name of the Tang Palace, located on Lishan Mountain in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, is the place where Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei often play.
② Dozens of trips: dozens of stops. In ancient times, there was a post station every other road for officials and travelers to stay.
(3) The windy and waning moon: It describes the bleak weather in the early autumn morning, just like the famous sentence "Where do you wake up tonight, the windy and waning moon in Yang Liuan" in Yulinling by Liu Yong.
Yuan Chao Pavilion: In Huaqing Palace.
⑤ Changyang: Changyang Palace, the name of Han Palace, is located in the southeast of zhouzhi county, Shaanxi Province. Several acres of poplars were planted in the palace, hence the name. Press: Tang Chaoyuan Pavilion is in the east of Chang 'an, and Han Changyang Palace is in the west of Chang 'an. Therefore, some people think that the west wind on Yuan Chaoting cannot be reversed, and then it blows to Changyang Palace in the west. For example, in Tang poetry, Du Chang was mistaken for a native of the Tang Dynasty. Some commentators said: "The last two sentences are written in a desolate state, which is not difficult to understand." Some people think it is "knowing each other", that is, the west wind blows and the cold rain falls in both places. In fact, the rain here refers to the sound of leaves being blown by the wind.
Modern translation
I came to Chang 'an from the far south of the Yangtze River, and walked through countless landscapes, one journey after another; Walking into this deserted Huaqing Palace, it is the morning when the cold wind blows and the waning moon is in the sky. Climb to the towering peak of Yuan Chaoting, and the west wind bursts on the pavilion; They all blow to Changyang Palace, and the leaves rustle like rustling rain.
Comments and explanations
The first two sentences of the poem explain the background of visiting Huaqing Palace, while the last two sentences are padded with a sad style. The word "Xiao Feng Canyue" produces a feeling of loneliness and coldness, which makes people feel depressed. The last two sentences are to climb high and miss the past, and to express ups and downs through the vague scenery. The poem does not describe the vicissitudes of human life positively, but hunts the west wind in the court of the Yuan Dynasty, connecting it with the bleak autumn scenery of Changyang Palace, and inferring that when this wind blows into the ruins of the desolate palace, it will definitely set off a rain of fallen leaves. The poem is written with profound meaning, which easily reminds people of the sad sentence of the ancient poem "I hate many poplars in Taiwan and worry about killing many people", and the poet's meditation and sadness come from the endless regret of visiting the past at this moment. Leaves rustling, suspected to be cold rain, has nothing to do with Tang's Autumn from my brother Jia Dao.
"Listening to the rain is more thorough, opening the door and leaving the leaves deep" takes a similar path, and it is through illusion that the poet entrusts his vague sense of poetry. The whole poem is composed of four sentences and twenty-eight characters. The region is from Jiangnan to Shaanxi, and the time is for Tang Dahan. It has no sense of restraint, profound framing and broad momentum. There are many famous poems about Qing Palace in China in Tang Dynasty. Although this poem came out late, it has been widely praised by critics for its unique artistic conception.
No Man's Land has a complete story and a positive narrative. No Man's Land is a rare and successful western road film in China in recent years. A lawyer went to Gobi and successfully defended poachers. Because the poacher couldn't afford the lawyer's fee, the lawyer took the falcon and drove away the poacher's car. The poacher asked the killer to hunt down the lawyer. On the way, they met a series of black humorous and extremely heavy things, vividly depicting the ugly faces of all kinds of people who lost their humanity and pursued interests in no man's land. The cruel experience finally made the lawyers regain their humanity, stopped the illegal trade of Falcon with their own lives and rescued * * *.
The narration at the beginning of the film tells the story of two monkeys. "Monkeys want to eat peaches from trees, but they want to avoid being attacked by tigers. So the two monkeys decided to cooperate. One of them picked peaches on the tree, and the other stood guard underground. The tree promised to give half the peaches under the tree, and the tree promised not to leave without leave to shelter the tree from the wind. So, two monkeys became monkeys, and finally the monkeys became a crowd. The biggest difference between people and monkeys is that people can use fire. " This narrative tells what the whole drama wants to express, and at the same time gives a unique definition of "human" in this drama: animals have the natural attribute of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, and animals must have the social attribute of mutual trust between two people, and they must be able to give each other and serve sincerely, otherwise people are not people.
"No Man's Land" tells the story that there are no "people" in such a vast Gobi, and only animals are chasing various interests-interests that are useless or even harmful to others. The people in the play can't all be those two monkeys, let alone people! Ning Hao is talking about human nature in an inhuman way.
Lawyers and poachers are not those two monkeys. When the poacher asked the lawyer, "Maybe I really want to hit him," the lawyer replied indifferently, "It's none of my business." The lawyer was just chasing the reward after winning the freedom for the poacher. When the lawyer left with the falcon in his car, the poacher did not hesitate to send a killer to kill the lawyer. All he wants is the high salary brought by the falcon.
Poachers and killers are not those two monkeys. When the poacher drove into the police, he didn't consider the safety of the killer in the car at all. All he wants is the falcon in the car. After getting the falcon back from the lawyer, the killer also dropped the poacher and went straight to the place where the falcon was sold.
The boss in Paris and * * * are not those two monkeys at night. The boss just uses * * * to make money and doesn't treat her like a person at all; * * * is making up all kinds of lies all the time, hoping that the guests will take her away from the place where she was sold.
Poachers and falconers are not those two monkeys. There is only an interest in selling eagles between them, and there is no trust. After being angered by lawyers, it is easy to fight with each other.
Lawyers and * * * are not those two monkeys. * * * just want to use a lawyer to escape; The lawyer took her away so that no one would know that he had killed the murderer. However, when * * * took out the money he earned by dancing and selling himself for many years, he begged poachers not to kill lawyers; The lawyer said he didn't like being with animals, especially horses. When he got on his horse and ran to the rescue, they became two monkeys. Finally, when the poacher drove the tanker to * * *, the lawyer took out the lighter without hesitation and died with the poacher. "The biggest difference between people and monkeys is that people can use fire." It was the fire that finally sublimated the lawyer's soul, and he finally became a person. The black humor of the narrator makes people meditate, but they can't laugh.
In the play, poachers have repeatedly said that they want to be friends with lawyers. But the lawyer declined, "You and I are still different", "You won't understand, because we are different"; The poacher finally admitted this, "You are a vegetarian and I eat meat". It is mentioned more than once in the play that lawyers are vegetarian and don't drink. Actually, they all eat meat. From the time the poacher promised to give him the car and he drank a glass of wine, the lawyer could see that he and the poacher pursued the same interests. Only lawyers are vegetarians, and poachers only eat meat. Vegetarianism and meat eating are abstracted from human social and natural attributes. They all have the most primitive instinct to pursue interests. Poachers only have this animal instinct, while small vegetarian lawyers are a trace of human nature that has not been extinguished subconsciously. Without this kind of humanity, he will not be sublimated into a human being in the end.
There is also a black humor in the play, that is, the lawyer mentioned "I'm going to make headlines" many times. The film made four years ago actually collided with the hot topic of "headlines", which also added a lot of fun to watching movies. However, humor is black ... >>
What does the correct expression of guiding cases mean? Western "precedents" have the status of legal origin, and judges can directly apply them when trying cases. At present, there are three kinds of "guiding cases" in China, which were issued by the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security respectively, but they have not been applied in judicial practice.
How to evaluate a novel in short, comment on the characters, plot structure, rhetoric, theme and environment of the novel.
Novel appreciation method
An important feature of novel art is to create vivid and touching characters. To learn and appreciate novels, we must first learn to analyze the character characteristics of characters and the means and methods to shape their characters. Of course, first of all, we should make clear the three elements of novels and the common sense of the development stage of classical novels (China).
Novel is a literary genre that reflects real life by describing typical characters, typical social living environment and complete stories.
The three basic characteristics of the novel are: first, through the description of the appearance, dialogue, action and psychology of the characters, the characters are shaped and their characters or personalities are expressed; Second, there must be a certain story, through the careful description of social life, showing complex contradictions and conflicts, describing the occurrence, development, * * and ending of the story, and showing the changes of characters' personalities in the development of the plot; Third, by describing the specific social environment, we can express the historical background and social conditions of people and events, contrast people and show their personality characteristics. Therefore, the author always depicts the times through the characters in his works, and embodies his understanding of life. Only by understanding the characters can readers grasp the essence of life reflected in the works.
The novel has a unique artistic charm because of its concrete and touching typical characters.
A typical artistic image refers to a character image with a unique and distinct personality, which can reflect the essence of a certain society and has a certain * * *. That is the unity of individuality and * * *, such as Rykov, miser, Grandet, Sister Xianglin, Lao Shuan and other typical artistic images we have just learned.
There are many ways to create characters in novels, but they are generally not single. It can be described positively or set off horizontally; It can not only describe language and action directly, but also achieve the same goal through environment description and detail description.
Personality and behavior are unified, and what kind of personality determines what kind of behavior. So when we analyze characters, we should pay attention to their action descriptions. For example, "Grandet threw gold at his age" and so on. Only a miser can do it.
Language is also an important means to reveal the personality characteristics of characters. Because people with different personalities have their own unique and personalized language habits. Starting with the characters' language, we can grasp the characters' personality characteristics. For example, every word of Grandet can't be separated from money, possession and transaction, and the miser's personality characteristics are vividly displayed.
Psychological activity is the reappearance of the character's nature, and the description of appearance can also reflect the character's heart and reveal the character's personality, which should arouse our attention.
Novel is an art of time and space, where space mainly refers to the environment. Environment is a specific place to form a character and drive his actions. It includes natural environment and social environment.
Social environment is the social background of people's activities and events, that is, the characteristics of the times and social outlook. The environment determines and affects the character. At the same time, the characters' personalities also have a certain impact on the environment, such as Rykov's rule over the whole city. They are unified with each other. The natural environment refers to the time, place, season, climate and geographical characteristics of people's activities. It is often arranged to create an atmosphere and set off the interest, mood and psychology of the characters, which generally has the feeling of the author and is regarded as a hint of the social environment. The scene of year-end blessing in Blessing and the description of station atmosphere in Mother.
It should be noted that the environment plays a reinforcing role in the embodiment of the role. In order to express the characters' rich and complicated personalities, authors often set various environments for the characters, record their behaviors and reveal their personalities. Finally, it needs to be mentioned that the human feelings of the world displayed by the environment are not only for shaping characters, but also have their own independent aesthetic value.
From reading stories to understanding characters.
The aesthetic characteristics and means of expression of novels determine that readers should follow unique appreciation laws and methods when appreciating novels. As a narrative style, the novel world consists of a character image, a plot event and an environmental scene. As a literary style that creates images by means of language, these series of images of novels are indirectly generated in the mind of the appreciator through imagination. Novel writers use word-for-word, orderly and personalized language to describe ...
What are the narrative techniques and modes of storytelling? The narrative skills and modes of storytelling are as follows:
Mingbi
Ming pen-clearly describe the time, place, scene and plot of the story. As mentioned above, the example at the beginning of "Seize the Print" is Ming Pen.
Dark pen
Go through trivial and unimportant processes with a black brush to avoid procrastination. For example, there is a passage in "Breaking into Coral Pond at Night": "Xia Shuji organized several young people engaged in offshore production to patrol at night according to the instructions of his superiors." As for how to patrol, who to send and which intersections to guard, they are all handled with hidden pens.
Implied or expected words in a story
The foreshadowing-there is a line in front, and there is no need to elaborate behind it. For example, in "The Old Woman with Two Guns", the old woman was dressed as a lady in front and explained clearly, and then the puppet troops behind claimed to catch the old woman in front of her and get a large reward, which was an ambush. This treatment has a strong artistic effect.
Magic pen
Amazing pen-arranging the plot very nervously to increase the audience's appreciation interest. For example, in Loyalty and Righteousness, Yang hid in the closet of the president of Tangshan Pseudo-Chamber of Commerce late at night. The enemy searched the house several times, but for other reasons, he was never found.
Inverted pen
Reverse the pen-in the story of positive narrative, another story is flashback. For example, in "Gunfire in the Plain", it is only said that after returning to the town from Zaoqiang County, the story, experience and persecution by the landlord Su family were flashbacks.
Supplementary pen
Complement the pen-introduce a character and explain the ins and outs of the character in a few words.
Cover pen
Cover the pen-also known as the "button". In order to make the story compact and moving, the results that the audience is eager to know often arouse suspense first, and the truth is not told until the end of a paragraph. Buttons should be naturally formed as the story develops to a certain stage. For example, Bao Guang, a novella that praises Lu Chun, a porcelain-burning craftsman, for protecting the national treasure and fighting against the reactionary forces all his life, has sixteen chapters, with ups and downs, dense density and strong artistic appeal. There is a button at the end of each time. For example, the end of the fourth time is: "... Lu Chun was surprised when he looked close: Ah! How did Wang Fu die? " The end of the eleventh episode is: "When Guo Laoqi saw Lu Chun, he couldn't help shouting,' You, how did you get out?' When the manager heard the color change, he turned and stared at Lu Chun. "This button is commonly known as the book button.
In order to buffer the tense atmosphere of the plot in the book, I sometimes spend the story in a tense and relaxed way. As Yang Jiajiang said, "The emperor was furious and wanted to kill Yang Liulang. The Manchu civil and military officials guarded the capital, but the emperor refused. " This was originally a very tense plot, but the storyteller deliberately put it aside, but humorously turned to another thing: the emperor refused to allow Ben, and the officials looked at each other. Suddenly, Prime Minister Wang Bao fell to his knees under Dan Yong: "Long live Le, I am old, deaf and dizzy, stealing a vegetarian meal, and I can't serve my country. I really feel uneasy. Please allow me to go back to my hometown to farm. " The emperor said; I may have resigned to lead the troops! "Good, three days for printing, five days for Tengfu, and you must fight." Long live Xie! "The king's robe down. No sooner had he left than another man fell to his knees. who is it? Kou Zhun, the immortal official, said, "Long live the opening ceremony. I am 50 years old. Please retire to my hometown. "The emperor said, well! Still this one: "OK, print on the third day, and type on the fifth day." "Long live Xie! As soon as Kou Zhun left, another inspector knelt down: "Long live the opening ceremony, I am thirty years old, deaf and blind." ..."
One by one, the more the audience listened, the more ridiculous they felt. But the audience did not forget whether Yang Liulang was killed in the laughter. This technique is called the button for tying vines. There is also a suspense, called "chain buckle", which is also a common technique in storytelling.
The performance form of storytelling:
Early storytelling was a person sitting behind a desk folding a fan and waking up the wood. It is often used at the beginning of a performance or during intermission as a prop to remind the audience to be quiet or warn them to pay attention to enhance the performance effect, hence the name), wearing a traditional gown, giving speeches and commenting on stories. By the middle of the 20th century, most people did not need props such as tables, chairs, folding fans and awakening wood, but stood and said and performed, and their clothes were not fixed in robes. Storytelling is mainly based on northern pronunciation, with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation. China is popular in most parts of North China and Northeast China. Because I use spoken English, I use English ... >>
What is Zhuge Liang's political blueprint for Liu Bei in Longzhong Dui? Zhuge Liang's strategic mission to Liu Bei is to restore the Han Dynasty under the banner of Liu Bei's "faithfulness is above the world" and to entrust the ideal of rebuilding the unified dynasty. The vision that can be seen is the trend of "crossing interests"; The strategy of attack and defense is to take advantage of Liu Biao's shallow knowledge and lack of courage, and first take Jingzhou, which is "to the north of Hanmian, to the south of China Sea, to the east of Wu Hui and to the west of Bashu", and occupy the geographical position of "the country where soldiers are used"; Backed by Yizhou, a land of abundance thousands of miles away, it echoes Jingzhou, the land of four wars; Facing the population of one million in the north, relying on the emperor to establish a vassal, Cao Cao, who is "sincere and can't compete", is always on standby, with Wanluo as the main direction, Qinchuan as the flank, and enterprising in the world, according to Sun Quan, who lived in Jiangdong for three generations. If this idea is fully realized, it can indeed be achieved that "the hegemony can be achieved and the Han family can flourish."
What are kurtosis and skewness kurtosis: kurtosis is a statistic that describes the steepness of all distribution patterns of a variable. It is compared with normal distribution. Kurtosis =0 is the same as the steepness of normal distribution. Kurtosis & gt0 is steeper than the peak of normal distribution, and Kurtosis0 has a large positive deviation at the peak, which is positive deviation or right deviation. The long tail is dragging on the right. crooked