What is the law?

Business card of legal encyclopedia Law (English: law, science of law, also known as jurisprudence or legal science) is the specialized knowledge to study law and its related phenomena and problems, and it is the knowledge and theoretical system about legal issues. Legal thought originated from legalist philosophy in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The word "Fa" was called "the study of criminal names" in the pre-Qin period in China, and it has been called "jurisprudence" since the Han Dynasty. In the west, the ancient Roman jurist Ulpia Pianu defined the word "law" as: the concept of affairs between man and God, the study of justice and injustice. Modern jurisprudence refers to the science of studying law. However, there are different views on the relationship between law and science, which mainly involves the question of whether the research on axiology is scientific or not.

legal system

theoretical law? Law? Legal philosophy? Comparative method? Sociology of law Legislative science

legal logic? Legal pedagogy? Legal psychology? Legal hermeneutics

legal history? History of China's Legal Thought? History of foreign legal thoughts? History of legal system

departmental law? Constitutional law? Administrative law? Civil law? Economic law? Labor law

marriage law? Civil procedure law? Administrative procedure law? Criminal procedure law? Prison management

criminal investigation? Forensic medicine? Military law? Environmental law? Security law

intellectual property law

international law? Public international law? Private international law? International criminal law? International economic law? International Environmental Law

International Intellectual Property Law

is quoted from the national standard of People's Republic of China (PRC) (GB/T 13745-29).

Contents

Object of Law

Etymology of Law

Law and Science

In a distinctive class society, law has two characteristics: class nature and practicality.

Another expression of legal characteristics (according to the law textbook of higher education)

Standards to be adhered to in the division of disciplines by departmental law

Four branches of legal system

A specific branch of law

Note: China National Standard for Discipline Classification /82.

the relationship between law and other disciplines.

the relationship between law and politics

the relationship between law and ethics

the relationship between law and psychology

a hundred schools of thought contend in China's legal history

The book Shadow of Daming Law

The legal history of other countries in the world, the French Civil Code, is also the Napoleonic Code.

Marxist law

includes majors

Catalogue of national key legal disciplines (legal objects)

Etymology of law

Law and science

In a class society with characteristics, law has two characteristics: class nature and practicality.

Another expression of legal characteristics (according to the law textbook of higher education)

Standards to be adhered to in the division of disciplines by departmental law

Four branches of legal system

A specific branch of law

Note: China National Standard for Discipline Classification /82.

the relationship between law and other disciplines.

the relationship between law and politics

the relationship between law and ethics

the relationship between law and psychology

a hundred schools of thought contend in China's legal history

The book Shadow of Daming Law

The legal history of other countries in the world, the French Civil Code, is also the Napoleonic Code.

Marxist law

The objectives of this paragraph, including the list of national key disciplines of professional law, have been edited.

1 the research object of law is law at first. The "law" here includes laws in various senses. From the legal form, including the constitution, laws, regulations and other forms of written law and unwritten law (common law); From the perspective of legal system, it includes constitution, administrative law, civil and commercial law, economic law, social law, criminal law, procedural law and various other departmental laws; In terms of time, it includes ancient law, modern law, modern law and contemporary law; In space, it includes national law, foreign law, local law and foreign law; From the perspective of historical types, it includes slavery law, feudal law, capitalist law and socialist law; Generally speaking, it includes domestic law and international law, fundamental law and common law, general law and special law, substantive law and procedural law; From the form of expression, it includes dynamic law and static law, concrete law and abstract law, paper law and life law, ideal law (such as natural law) and realistic law (such as the law that actually takes effect) and so on. Law can only be regarded as a veritable law if it has a panoramic view of these laws in different meanings and studies them. Law also needs to study various "legal phenomena". That is, legislation, judicature, law-abiding, legal supervision and other phenomena based on law; The origin, development, transplantation, inheritance and modernization of law; Legal order, interests and justice; Legal concepts, ideas, systems, facts, laws, etc. Law should also study "problems related to law". Law and law phenomenon are not isolated, and its existence and development are closely related to other things, especially social phenomena such as economy, politics and culture. Studying these related problems can better study the main problems of law.

1. The Latin word "law" Jurisprudentia appeared in Rome and the Republic of China at least at the end of 3rd century BC, which means systematic and organized legal knowledge and legal knowledge. Ancient Roman jurists once gave a classic definition of "law": "law is the knowledge of things about god and man; This is a science about justice and injustice. " German, French, English and Spanish have all developed their own words referring to "law" on the basis of jurisprudence, and their contents are constantly enriched and their meanings are becoming more and more profound.

2. The knowledge about legal issues was called "the art of criminal names" or "the study of criminal names" in the pre-Qin period of China. According to textual research, although the word "Fa" officially appeared after the establishment of "Doctor of Law" in Wei Mingdi, the study of "Fa" has existed since the Han Dynasty, mainly to annotate existing laws. The word "jurisprudence" in ancient China first appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, the meaning of the word "jurisprudence" used at that time was still close to "jurisprudence". The word "law" in ancient China is quite different from the concept of "law" in modern western countries.

3. The word "Fa" in modern Chinese was first introduced from Japan. In 1868, Japanese jurist Jin Tian Zhen Tao was used for the first time to translate English words such as jurisprudence, law and German Rechtswissenschaft, and made a detailed explanation. This word was introduced into China around the Reform Movement of 1898.

editing this section of law and science

Modern Germans raised the humanities and social sciences to the same status as natural sciences, and modern universities since Humboldt University in Berlin promoted the development of social sciences. Law is understood as a science related to this background. The core content of law is axiology. In essence, the core of law is only the center of thinking, not the noumenon of statement. The biggest feature of law is to demonstrate how to embody value in practice (or how to prove that value has been realized). This argument has formed all branches of the legal department. The demonstration of whether or how to realize legal value is empirical and verifiable, so it is scientific. In value derivation, law also needs axiomatic theory.

Law (3 articles) In litigation research, law needs the micro support of cognitive psychology most. For example, why is the adversary system epistemologically reasonable? Cognitive psychology will reveal that all people have terrible human weaknesses. Is law a science? Law is the easiest question to ask. Jurisprudence is the core of value, but it is only a kind of jurisprudence. The metaphysics of jurisprudence can despise science, but the metaphysics of jurisprudence must resort to comprehensive analysis, and value is only one of the elements. The traditional meaning of science refers to empirical science. What is science, in the traditional sense, is not difficult to determine. Its basic feature is that it can be observed and verified by experiments, but karl popper thinks it can be falsified. According to Popper, Freud's psychoanalysis is not science. Law itself is a science, but it is not the science of core issues. In other words, the original spiritual argument of law is not a strict science, but the applied argument of law is a science. In those fields where law is understood as science, experience can falsify theory. For example, adversary system must be a modern and popular litigation system. Without it, judicial dictatorship can be seen everywhere.

including professional

law, law, commercial law, law, constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law, civil law, environmental law, procedural law, military law, legal theory, economic law, labor law, international law, national private law, international economic law, intellectual property law, science and technology law, civil and commercial law, commercial law, financial law, fiscal and tax law, foreign-related economy and law, lawyers. The three most popular majors in law are civil and commercial law, international economic law and economic law in turn. Since 21, the LLM program has been officially divided into two parts: law and illegality.

List of national key disciplines of law

Universities with national first-class key disciplines of law;

Peking University

China Renmin University

China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL)

Jilin Institute of Law Theory is a university with national second-class key disciplines of law (excluding national first-class key disciplines of law).

Legal History of East China University of Political Science and Law

Constitutional Law and Administrative Law of Zhejiang University

Jilin Institute of Criminal Law

Civil and Commercial Law of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

Litigation Law of Southwest University of Political Science and Law of Sichuan University

Economic Law Major of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

Environmental and Resource Protection Law of Wuhan University

university of international business and economics, Xiamen University, Wuhan University.