[Abstract]
● In 2003, there were 10533 juvenile criminal suspects in Zhejiang Province, the largest number in the past decade, accounting for 22.02% of the total number of juvenile criminal suspects and10.62% of the total number of criminal suspects;
● The growth rate of juvenile delinquency is slightly lower than that of the whole society;
● Juvenile delinquency has become increasingly prominent. In 20031-August and 19981-August, criminal suspects under the age of 13% of all juvenile criminal suspects were11.16533 respectively.
● Students (mainly junior high school students) have a high proportion of crimes. From 65438 to 2000, the proportion of crimes committed by school students accounted for more than 40% of the total number of juvenile crimes. 1999, primary and secondary school students who committed crimes accounted for 87.78% of all criminal students in that year;
● Some legal education propaganda is a mere formality, and only 20% of students think that the legal education course is impressive;
● In recent years, the dropout rate of juvenile delinquency is close to 60%;
● Almost all students in juvenile shelters have unpleasant experiences in their original schools;
● Among the juvenile criminal suspects in custody, more than 68% have incomplete and disharmonious families.
Wang Haihua (Provincial Public Security Department) and Luo Wei (Provincial Department of Culture) of the Provincial Juvenile Delinquency Research Association pointed out that the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency in Zhejiang Province is still outstanding, and the healthy growth of minors has become a social problem that needs urgent attention and improvement.
I. Juvenile delinquency in the whole province since 10
Juvenile delinquency in Zhejiang changes with the development of the whole social crime. ?
1. The absolute number of crimes shows a fluctuating growth trend. Investigation and statistics show that from 1994 to 10 in 2003, the number of social crimes in our province showed a continuous growth and a serious trend, and the number of juvenile crimes also increased. There were 75,360 suspects in194 and 992 13 in 2003, an increase of 3 1.65%. In recent years, the number of crimes committed by minors under the age of 17 in the whole province has increased and decreased, and it has been in constant ups and downs, but the general trend is that the absolute number of crimes is increasing. 19,000 juvenile criminal suspects (1under 7 years old) in 1994, increased to10,533 in 2003, with an increase of 17.03%.
2. The juvenile crime rate has basically maintained a relatively stable proportion, and the growth of juvenile crime is slightly lower than the growth trend of the whole social crime. From 1994 to 2003, the juvenile crime rate in Zhejiang province fluctuated between 9.5% and 12%, and showed a slight downward trend during the "strike hard" periods of 1996 and 200 1.
Total number of criminal suspects in 2008% of all crimes committed by minors% of juvenile crimes% of junior high school students% of juvenile crimes.
1994 75360 9000 1 1.94 20.63 42.0 1
1995 80076 8906 1 1. 12 19.57 4 1.07
1996 73055 7663 10.49 19.08 42.35
1997 68529 738 1 10.77 20.37 4 1.78
1998 72698 8332 1 1.46 2 1.94 39.97
1999 78327 8420 10.75 20.45 33.09
2000 877 1 1 8303 9.47 19.00 35.98
200 1 103 173 98 1 1 9.5 1↑ 19.65↑ 33.74
2002 87 120 10476 12.02↑ 22.36↑ 32.53
2003 992 13 10533 10.62↓ 22.02↑ 27.69
Second, the characteristics and development trend of juvenile delinquency in Zhejiang Province
1, juvenile delinquency is increasingly prominent. Some experts pointed out that the average development age of urban population born after 1980s in China is 3 years ahead of schedule, and some are 5 years ahead of schedule, which makes it easy for minors to do something drastic and contrary to social stability and development. /kloc-the proportion of criminal suspects under 0/7 in the total number of juvenile criminal suspects in our province has been rising from 19% in 2000 to 22.02% in 2003, up by 3.02 percentage points, and the absolute number has increased by 2,230 (see the above table). Comparing the juvenile criminal suspects under 1-8 months in 2003 and 198+0-8 months, it accounts for 13 of all the arrested juvenile criminal suspects, with the ratio of11.6438+1. It can be seen that the number of juvenile criminals has increased significantly. For example, 200 1, Lishui destroyed a criminal gang composed of more than 20 minors. The youngest 13 years old and the oldest 17 years old. Theft alone reached more than 70 times, worth more than 60 thousand yuan. In 2003, there were 3492 juvenile students committing crimes in the province, of which 1250 were under the age of 04, accounting for 35.80%.
2. Students (mainly junior high school students) have a high proportion of crimes. According to the statistical data of 10, the proportion of crimes committed by students in school accounts for more than 40% of the total number of juvenile crimes, especially primary school students and junior high school students (see the above table). From 65438 to 0999, primary and secondary school students who committed crimes accounted for 87.78% of all criminal students and 37.70% of the total number of juvenile criminal suspects. In 2003, the proportion decreased slightly, but it also accounted for 27.69% of the total number of juvenile suspects in that year.
3. Juvenile gangs commit crimes and commit crimes again.
4. The criminal means are adult, intelligent and scientific.
5. Minors from other places, especially minors from Xinjiang, commit crimes. The main age group of minors committing crimes in Xinjiang is 10- 14 years old, and they have become tools used by adult suspects in Xinjiang. Some returned to Zhejiang after being repatriated and were arrested five times. Zhoushan has become the hardest hit area for juvenile delinquency in Xinjiang.
Third, the analysis of the causes of juvenile delinquency
1, social adverse environmental impact is outstanding. The survey shows that minors who commit crimes due to social and environmental factors account for more than 1/3 of the total. (1) The influence of bad social atmosphere. ② The influence of unhealthy factors in the media. For example, in this survey, more than half of the students reported ordering unhealthy videos around the campus and renting unhealthy pocket books, comic books and DVDs at the bookstall. In addition, there are 40% students who often surf the Internet and soak in Internet cafes. In order to make a profit, some unscrupulous owners try their best to lure students into it. There have also been cases in our province in which minors were robbed because they owed money to Internet cafes. ③ There are weak links in social legal protection. In particular, the publicity and implementation of the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, which are directly related to the prevention of juvenile delinquency, are insufficient. In the survey, 30% people reported that they had not received legal education in this field, and 50% people could not tell the general contents of these two laws. Some legal education is a mere formality, and only 20% of legal education courses impress students. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of cultural places suitable for minors and a shortage of social and cultural places.
2. There are weak links in school education. According to the survey, 20% of juvenile delinquency is due to the weak links in school education. Some schools unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate and pay insufficient attention to students with poor grades and slight misdeeds, especially the management and control of students who drop out of school. In recent years, the proportion of juvenile delinquents dropping out of school is getting higher and higher, approaching 60%. The reason why they drop out of school is that they are tired of studying and find reading boring, which also reflects the defects and problems of school education now. According to the survey, almost all the students who grew up in juvenile shelters had unpleasant experiences in their original schools. The survey of some schools shows that the communication between teachers and students is still not strengthened and the emotional communication is not enough. Only 9.25% students take the initiative to find a teacher when they are wronged, and 20% students have emotional conflicts with their teachers.
3. The influence of family environment can not be ignored. Incomplete families and discordant families seriously affect the formation of minors' healthy psychology. According to statistics, about 30% of the juvenile suspects in custody have incomplete families, and more than 38% often quarrel and fight, accounting for more than 68% in total. Poor family economic situation and improper family education methods are also related to the emergence of juvenile delinquency.
4. Minors' own factors determine their weak self-control and psychological immaturity. The distortion of outlook on life leads to crime. ② Weak moral and legal awareness leads to crime. ③ The desire to pursue material comforts leads to crime. ④ Psychological imbalance leads to crime. Minors often come into contact with and feel positive education, but their childish psychology is fragile and unstable. Once they encounter bad obstacles or stimuli, they will easily become unbalanced and abnormal, which will lead to crime. In particular, the parents of some minors divorced, lost their warmth and love, and their living conditions reversed. They often feel lonely and need new support urgently. A little wooing, being used by social bad elements, will embark on a fake ship. There are also some students who are facing the worrying trend of losing love, education and management in their families.
Four. Measures to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency
1. Strengthen legal education with law-abiding as the basic content. At present, there is no systematic legal knowledge course in primary and secondary education, which is often carried out together with ideological and moral courses. The form is boring and it is difficult to arouse students' interest. Therefore, it is suggested that the legal department, together with workers, young women, youth working committees, schools and other relevant units, compile legal education textbooks that are easy to understand and suitable for minors to learn, and incorporate legal education as a compulsory course into the school teaching plan. It is suggested that primary and secondary schools employ police as legal education counselors outside the school, hold legal lectures in time according to the characteristics of minors' thinking in images, and explain relevant legal knowledge by using cases around them. It is necessary to organize minors to participate in criminal investigation, explore the causes of crimes, help and educate minors who commit crimes, and improve their ability and immunity to distinguish complex social phenomena in open legal education and practice.
2. Give full play to the frontier role of family education and improve the quality of family education. Parents, as the first teachers of minors' lives, must pay attention to their own image and strengthen their ideological cultivation. Family education should pay attention to the art of education and improve the quality of education. We should put an end to domestic violence and abandon simple and rude education methods.
3. Give full play to the dominant position of school education and fully implement quality education. It is necessary to fundamentally correct the guiding ideology of running a school, adhere to the principle of educating people, and especially pour love into poor students to avoid arbitrary dismissal. It is necessary to further strengthen the contact with family, carry out detailed ideological education with parents and solve practical problems, which is not only responsible for students, but also for society. To purify the campus environment, teachers should be strict with themselves and don't bring some incorrect ideas into the classroom. It is necessary to instill in children a correct outlook on life, values and morality, strengthen political and ideological education, and establish a new socialist trend.
4. Give play to the basic position of social and cultural education. Purify the social environment, give full play to the advantages of cultural work, strengthen the ideological and moral construction of minors, and guide teenagers with correct public opinion. Advocate reading good books, watching movies, stressing dedication, vigorously publicizing advanced figures and heroic deeds, so that young people can establish a correct outlook on life, values and morality.
Strengthen the construction of cultural positions for minors. For example, open cultural activities places for minors in group art museums, cultural centers and cultural centers; Widely carry out cultural activities in minors' squares, communities, families and towns, and vigorously strengthen the construction of campus culture; Each cinema line may consider setting up a youth film and television education department; Further mobilize rural social forces and establish more and better rural children's cultural parks; Further strengthen the literary and artistic creation of minors, vigorously support and actively carry out activities such as the "Eagle Project Miles" outstanding children's drama exhibition; Encourage public libraries, museums, memorial halls, art galleries, etc. All levels should actively use the Internet to open websites and columns for minors; Strengthen the management of cultural market; Guide the construction of a number of non-operating Internet service places to provide healthy and beneficial green online space for minors. ?
5. Strengthen the flow management of minors. It is necessary to change the management under the dynamic situation into the management under the static situation, and carry out classified education and control on the floating minors to prevent crimes. For underachievers and dropouts, schools should take the lead in taking them back to school to continue their studies; Idle minors shall be dealt with by the labor and public security departments at their places of residence and arrival. If they are child laborers, they shall be dismissed and sent back to China. According to the facts, juvenile offenders should be given probation as much as possible, and schooling and employment should be implemented; Minors in places such as reform-through-labour, reeducation-through-labor and juvenile detention centers. We should continue to follow up and assist, establish educational investigation files, promote thorough reform, and prevent them from committing crimes again in society.
6. Strengthen the research on legislation and practice of juvenile delinquency. It is necessary to study and predict the trends, laws and types of juvenile crimes in China in the 2 1 century, such as violent crimes, intelligent crimes and juvenile crimes. At the same time, we will further intensify the reform of China's juvenile justice system and solve the problem of unsystematic and irregular investigation, interrogation, defense, trial and execution of juvenile criminal cases.
(Provided by the Institute)
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