I. Emergencies and emergency management
(1) unexpected events. People's Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law was adopted at the 29th meeting of the 10th NPC Standing Committee in People's Republic of China (PRC) on August 30th, 2007, and came into force on June 30th, 2007. The Measures for the Implementation of People's Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law in Hunan Province was adopted at the 11th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th People's Congress of Hunan Province on June 27, 2009, and shall come into force as of June 27, 2009. According to the emergency response law, emergencies refer to natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents and social security incidents that occur suddenly, cause or may cause serious social harm and need to be dealt with by emergency measures.
There are many types of emergencies, each with its own characteristics, but in general, emergencies have seven common characteristics: suddenness, uncertainty, destructiveness, derivative, diffusion, sociality and periodicity.
In China, natural disasters, accidents and public health incidents are generally divided into four levels according to the degree of social harm, the scope of influence, the nature and controllability of emergencies, namely, I (particularly significant), II (significant), III (relatively large) and IV (general), which are indicated by red, orange, yellow and blue in turn. Social security incidents are not graded because they are different from the other three types of emergencies, and their evolution presents nonlinear characteristics, and their destructive power is difficult to be quantified by simple indicators.
(2) Emergency management. In short, emergency management refers to the activities of preventing and responding to various emergencies. Specifically, it refers to the activities such as prevention, response, disposal and recovery carried out by the government, enterprises and other public organizations before, during and after the occurrence of emergencies in order to ensure the safety of public life and property and maintain public safety and social order. Emergency management is one of the core functions of the government and will be strengthened with the transformation and development of government functions.
China has established an emergency management system with unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, classified management, graded responsibility and territorial management. In the specific work of emergency management, people-oriented and safety first are generally followed. Unified leadership, graded responsibility; Prevention first, combining prevention with rescue; Rapid response and coordinated response; Social mobilization and state participation; Relying on science and standardizing according to law; Seven principles, such as information disclosure and guiding public opinion.
According to the law of the occurrence and development of emergencies, the task of emergency management covers four stages of emergencies, namely, prevention and emergency preparation in advance, early warning and emergency response in the event, disposal and emergency rescue afterwards, evaluation afterwards and recovery and reconstruction.
Second, the public security situation in our district
(1) Natural disasters are frequent. The common natural disasters in our region mainly include floods, hail, drought, low-temperature freezing, landslides, snowstorms, forest fires and pests and diseases, which have caused great losses to people's lives and property in our region.
The main reasons are: First, influenced by global warming and other factors, extreme weather has increased, and the probability of basin floods, geological disasters, low-temperature rain and snow, and freezing disasters has increased. Second, the intensity of precipitation in our region is high. Large-scale heavy precipitation is the direct cause of frequent floods and geological disasters. Third, the terrain of our region is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and the water system is rich. Some mountainous areas are prone to mudslides; Some areas are prone to floods. Fourth, affected by the high forest coverage and local customs and production habits, forest fires occur frequently. Tomb-Sweeping Day and agricultural production are important factors causing forest fires.
(2) Frequent accidents and disasters. The main reasons are: first, the special geographical environment leads to frequent traffic accidents. The mountains are high and steep, and the water system is all over the country. Some people have a weak sense of traffic safety, and major road and water traffic accidents often occur. Second, the enterprise's investment in production safety has many debts, poor foundation and many hidden dangers, and the potential danger of accidents is greater. The mine has small scale, less investment, many mined-out areas, poor production conditions, repeated illegal mining and prominent safety hazards. Third, under the background of rapid economic development, there are many construction sites and construction safety accidents occur from time to time. High-rise buildings, bridges and other projects under construction are the focus of preventing production safety accidents.
Case 1, 2011./kloc-0.18: Wumaojiatang construction site fell to his death.
(3) Public health incidents occur from time to time. Infectious diseases are the main public health emergencies in our district, followed by food poisoning, and other occupational poisoning and environmental factors are relatively low. The main reasons are: first, traditional infectious diseases have not been completely eliminated. Our district is an old cholera epidemic area, and it is also the hardest hit area of leptospirosis, typhoid fever, leprosy, AIDS and tuberculosis in the province. There is a great possibility of outbreak of natural epidemic diseases, and the task of prevention and control of infectious diseases is quite arduous. Second, emerging infectious diseases are frequent. With the increasing mobility of people in our city, the risks of SARS, HINI influenza, imported acute infectious diseases and new and unknown diseases are increasing, and the prevention and control situation is grim. Third, poor sanitation and living habits in rural areas, serious lack of food safety measures for some food operators and many hidden dangers have led to food poisoning incidents in our city from time to time. Fourthly, the development of industry, especially those involving heavy metals, has caused environmental pollution and poisoning accidents such as excessive heavy metals, industrial pollution and excessive blood lead.
Case 2: Mumps epidemic in Taohualun Primary School in 2008.
Social security incidents are high. Criminal cases and mass incidents are the main bodies of social security incidents in our region. Although there were no unexpected events and large-scale terrorist attacks affecting market stability in our region throughout the year, social security incidents increased, resulting in increased economic and property losses. The main reasons for the high incidence of social security incidents are as follows: First, the differentiation of social interest subjects has had a certain negative impact on social security. Second, social management is not in place, which provides space for criminal offences. The rapid development of economy and society has led to a sharp increase in disputes between different interest groups. Third, the floating population has increased and its composition is complex, and crimes in the circulation field have risen. Fourth, the problems left over from policy adjustment in the reform process. The interests of state-owned enterprise reform, military conversion, employment of college graduates and other related groups. The fifth is the adjustment of interests brought about by the development process. Land requisition and demolition, business and social management, etc. Sixth, the overall level of economic development is not high, and incidents such as illegal fund-raising are likely to trigger large-scale mass incidents and endanger social security.
Case 3: The maternal death in Oujiangcha Hospital on August 8, 2008.
Three. Principles, tasks and measures to strengthen emergency management at the grass-roots level
(A) to strengthen the basic principles of emergency management at the grassroots level
1, we must adhere to the people-oriented principle. First of all, we must firmly establish the idea that life is above everything else, always take the safety of people's lives and property as the starting point and the foothold of emergency management, and fully implement it in all aspects such as prevention and preparation, monitoring and early warning, rescue and recovery and reconstruction, so as to minimize emergencies and the damage and influence they cause; Secondly, in the process of dealing with emergencies, we must insist on saving people first, and at the same time pay attention to the safety of rescuers and not make unnecessary sacrifices; Finally, it is necessary to strengthen emergency science education and improve the people's ability to deal with emergencies.
Case 4: Heroic deeds of "July 2" flood fighting and rescue in Shuangfeng County, Loudi City in 2009.
We must adhere to scientific guidance. Standing on the height of thoroughly implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, we should unify normal management and abnormal management in all aspects of the work of grass-roots party organizations and strengthen emergency management throughout the whole process of achieving scientific and harmonious development. We should rely on science and technology, use scientific means, master scientific skills, and effectively improve our ability to prevent and respond to emergencies.
We must explore the law of events. Emergencies are also regular and there are ways to deal with them. A lot of experience and lessons show that for complex emergencies, we should use systematic and comprehensive methods to judge quickly, seize the opportunity and deal with them decisively; It is necessary to quickly concentrate and disperse forces, unify command, and form a joint force; It is necessary to adhere to prevention first, organically combine prevention and disposal, minimize the risk of emergencies, and make adequate emergency preparations at the same time; It is necessary to deeply analyze the objective laws of the formation and development of local frequent and prone emergencies, scientifically sum up the handling experience, enhance the ability to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and turn the crisis into safety, and firmly grasp the initiative in handling emergencies.
4. We should do a good job in system construction. The efficiency of emergency management comes from scientific and complete system guarantee. Successful experience and regular understanding need to be standardized and sublimated through system construction, so that emergency disposal work can be followed by rules and better guide practical work. It is necessary to further improve all kinds of emergency plans and improve the standardization level of dealing with emergencies; It is necessary to further improve various emergency mechanisms and effectively strengthen the system construction in monitoring and early warning, information reporting, emergency response and accountability.
(B) the main task of strengthening emergency management at the grass-roots level
1, early prevention-enhancing emergency awareness and ability. It is necessary to strengthen emergency publicity, education and training, and enhance the public's awareness of safety and self-help and mutual assistance. The township government should strengthen the education and training of leading cadres at the same level and the backbone of party member in villages and communities, and effectively improve their organization and command ability. Rural areas should make full use of activity rooms, cultural stations, publicity columns and other places to carry out various forms of emergency knowledge popularization education for the public. Production and operation enterprises should strengthen the emergency training of employees and master the rules, regulations and skills of safe production. Education authorities should promote the integration of emergency knowledge into the curriculum system of primary and secondary schools, and primary and secondary schools should conscientiously implement the Guiding Outline of Public Safety Education in Primary and Secondary Schools and strengthen the education of emergency knowledge in schools.
2, early detection-do a good job of hidden dangers investigation and rectification. Grassroots organizations and units should gradually establish and improve the dynamic supervision mechanism of timely discovery, regular investigation, real-time monitoring and effective rectification of potential risks; Conduct a comprehensive investigation on the hazards, risk factors, dangerous areas and social contradictions that cause all kinds of emergencies, and rectify while investigating; It is necessary to establish risk hidden danger ledger and information database, and implement classified management and dynamic monitoring according to emergency classification standards. Communities, villages, enterprises and schools should pay special attention to the investigation and resolution of contradictions and disputes and other hidden dangers that affect social security to prevent mass incidents.
3. Early reporting-strengthening information reporting and early warning. Townships (streets) and key enterprises and institutions should strictly implement the 24-hour duty system, and village (neighborhood) committees and community properties should strengthen their duty work and report unexpected information at the first time. Give full play to the role of grassroots information workers, set up security officers and information workers for key areas, groups and industries, and form a safety information network with grassroots people as the main body. To establish and improve the early warning information notification and release system, make full use of radio, television, mobile phone text messages, telephone and other means to release early warning information in a timely manner.