fo tucheng (232-348), a native of kucha (now Kuqa, Xinjiang) in the western region, came to Luoyang in the fourth year of Taikang in the western Jin dynasty (31) and gained the trust of Schleswig and Shi Hu with his supernatural skills. He often participated in military and political affairs, and repeatedly advised Shile not to kill, not to be violent, and not to hurt the innocent with Buddhism. With his influence and intelligence, he advised Shi to stop killing. From then on, Er Shi regarded him as a god. He used his intelligence and position to build 839 temples in the imperial court and counties, reaching the highest peak since Buddhism was introduced to China, with more than 1, disciples at the age of 117.
Hui Yuan (334-416) was an outstanding monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the society was extremely unstable. He avoided the world and refused the official recommendation many times. He became a monk at the age of 21 and insisted that monks should not bow down to the emperor. At the same time, he advocated the harmony between Confucianism and Taoism for the first time, which was highly praised by emperors and generals and made Buddhism develop in an all-round way. He is the originator of the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism, and he made friends with all social strata as a "outsider". He lived in Lushan Mountain, and never visited the Tiger Creek. Even when Emperor Jin 'an came, he didn't pick him up or send him away. However, he and the great master Xie Lingyun did not feel that he had sent him to the Tiger Creek. The three of them laughed heartily. Hui Yuan had great political vision, means of activity and organizational ability, and was good at absorbing the Buddhist thoughts of the eminent monks in the Tang Dynasty. He was regarded as the "Master of Distinguishing Talents",
Fa Xian (about 337- about 422). Fourteen years later, he arrived in Laoshan, Qingdao, Shandong Peninsula in 412. He not only brought back dozens of Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures, but also translated dozens of Buddhist scriptures. He also wrote China's first travel book, The Story of the Buddha. Later generations commented that Fa Xian was able to complete such a difficult trip because: first, he was ambitious, and he was determined to seek the Dharma, and his ambition was sincere; Second, he is sincere, sincere with the stone as the opening; Third, he is brave, and he is in a state of death, but he can be indomitable regardless of safety, which is rare and admired by future generations.
Kumarajiva (343-413), a native of Qiuci, was one of the 4 Buddhist translators in China. At the age of seven, he became a monk with his mother, was proficient in Mahayana and Hinayana classics, and had a high accomplishment in Chinese. Therefore, the Buddhist scriptures he translated are especially enjoyed by the Buddhist scriptures in Middle-earth. He contributed greatly to the transplantation and dissemination of Mahayana fundamental doctrine in later Buddhist documents. Since arriving in Chang 'an in 41 AD, he has translated more than 3 volumes of Buddhist scriptures. His translated scriptures had a great influence on the development of Buddhism in China, and laid the foundation for the establishment of Tiantai Sect and Pure Land Sect.
Daosheng (the year of birth and death is unknown), a monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was gifted and intelligent, and he was able to give lectures at the age of fifteen. He has studied in Roche for many years, and his understanding of Buddhism has become very profound. According to the Buddhist doctrine that "all beings can become buddhas". He put forward that "one explanation can become a Buddha", which was unheard of at that time. Conservative people said that his heresy confused people, so they excluded him from the monk group and expelled him from Jiankang. It is said that after he arrived in Suzhou, he firmly believed that his theory was correct, so he set up a stone on the Tiger Hill in Suzhou as an audience and preached to the stone. When he talked about "those who wish for something also have Buddha nature", he asked Stone: "Is what I said in line with the Buddha's heart?" All the stones nodded yes. This is the famous story of "the sage says, the stone nods". Later, the Nirvana Sutra spread to the south, and it was really said that "what is desired is Buddha's nature", and the monks all admired the high opinion of Taoist students.
Zhi Yi (538-597), a monk in Sui Dynasty, was the founder of Tiantai Sect in China. He practiced for more than 3 years and founded Tiantai Sect, the first Sect in the history of Buddhism in China, which is also called Fahua Sect because it is based on Hokkekyo. He built 36 temples in his life, and personally trained more than 14, monks and works, which had a far-reaching influence in the history of Buddhism in China (Chishan Hokkeji belongs to Tiantai Sect).
Daoxuan (596-667), a monk in the Tang Dynasty, was the founder of Nanshan Sect of China. He is the founder of Nanshan Sect of China Law Sect. Law is a discipline, which is very important to Buddhism. Because he lived in Zhong Nanshan for a long time, he established his own legal norms in the mountains. Therefore, the world called him "Nanshan lawyer", and the "four-point law" he founded became the norm of future generations. He is also a Buddhist historian and has written a lot.
Huineng (638-731), a monk in the Tang Dynasty, was the founder of Nanzong Zen. His surname is Lu, his ancestral home is Fan Yang, and he was born in Lingnan. He lost his father at the age of three. In the first year of Yifeng (676), he met Master Yinzong at Fazhi Temple in Nanhai, and was able to inherit the mantle of forbearance and become the sixth ancestor of Zen. In the history of Buddhism in China, the only founder who started the school was Hui Neng, who was born in poverty. He has an important position and far-reaching influence not only in the history of Buddhism in China, but also in China's philosophy. Tang Xianzong revered him as "Master Jian Zen Master".
Fazang (643-712), a high-ranking monk in Tang Dynasty, had a common surname of Kang, whose word showed longevity. His first work was "Master of Showing Longevity" and his surname was "Master of Kangzang". "He is the actual founder of Hua Yanzong. At the age of 17, he studied Hua Yan Jing in Yunhua Temple. After Tang Gaozong, Wu Zetian and Tang Zhongzong, he died in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Ruizong (AD 712) at the age of 7. Fazang made great contributions to the creation and promotion of Huayan Sect all his life. He has written a lot and systematically expounded Hua Yanzong's ideological system. He was honored as "the third ancestor of Huayan Sect", and Wu Zetian gave him the title of "sage bodhisattva" in Huayan Jing.
A line (683-727), a monk in the Tang Dynasty, a famous astronomer and an organizer of tantric teachings. He was born in the first year of Hongdao, Tang Gaozong. Xuanzong died in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan at the age of 45. He died as a Buddhist monk. His surname is Zhang, so he is a descendant of Zhang Gongzhu, a hero in the early Tang Dynasty. He is a descendant of Zhang Gongzhu, a hero in the early Tang Dynasty. He has been familiar with the classics since childhood, especially the calendar, Yin and Yang, and the five elements. He is the author of 2 volumes of Dayan Calendar, 52 volumes of Kaiyuan Dayan Calendar, 3 volumes of Seven Political Calendar, 12 volumes of Yi Lun and 1 volume of Mental Arithmetic. The party also made Huntian bronze wares and the bronze wares of the Chinese zodiac. Using these instruments, a group discovered the phenomenon of star motion. This is more than 1 years earlier than the western view that stars move on their own. He initiated astronomical observations in 12 places across the country and calculated the length equivalent to meridian latitude, which was 9 years earlier than in the west. Joseph Needham of Britain praised him as "one of the greatest astronomers and mathematicians in the history of China" in his book History of Science and Technology in China. His outstanding contributions to China's ancient science, technology and culture will go down in history forever.
Huai Hai (72-814), a Zen master in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Baizhang Zen Master" because he was a disciple in Baizhang Mountain. In the past, most Zen monks lived in the temple of Legalism, but Huaihai founded a Buddhist temple, and according to the differences between Zen and Legalism, he formulated the Zen Rules, which was later called Baizhang Qinggui. After his death, Tang Muzong gave him the "Great Wisdom Zen Master". Thanks to Huaihai's efforts, Mazu Sect formed Hongzhou Sect with many disciples. Because of his adventure with an old fox in the process of missionary work, he was called "Wild Fox Zen" by later Zen masters.
Dao Ji (1148-129), a monk in the Southern Song Dynasty, was originally named Li Xiuyuan, with the nickname "Jigong". Born in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province in the early Southern Song Dynasty. He lived to be 61 years old. He was mythologized by Buddhists as Lohan and called "Dragon-dropping". Because he punished the evil and promoted the good all his life, and helped the world, later generations wrote all kinds of legends and stories about the unruly Lohan, and now there are as many as six or seven circulating in the world, so the living Buddha of Jigong is a household name in China.
Master Hongyi (188-1942), Li Shutong, whose legal name was Hongyi, was a famous writer and monk in modern China. He was a gifted scholar who integrated classics, law, calligraphy, painting, printing, music and drama. He studied in Japan in 195, and returned to China in 191 to establish and edit "Wenmeihui" with Liu Yazi. " He became a monk in Hangzhou in 1918. In 193s, when Japan invaded China, Li Shutong didn't forget the fate of the country because he was a Buddhist. He loudly put forward the slogan "Remembering Buddhism and saving the country, and remembering Buddhism" and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, which had a great influence in the religious circles. In 1942, Li Shutong died in Quanzhou at the age of 66. He was honored as the "Buddha of the world". He was honored as the eleventh ancestor of Nanshan Law Sect.
Jian Zhen (688-763) was a monk in the Tang Dynasty, also known as "Hai Gong" and "Tang Da Monk". A monk in the Tang Dynasty, the first ancestor of Japanese legalism. He was born in Jianyang county, Yangzhou, and his common name is Chunyu. He became a monk at an early age and became an authority on southern discipline at the age of 45. He was ordained by 4, disciples. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), at the invitation of monks studying in Japan, he went to the East to preach Buddhism. In this way, 55-year-old Jian Zhen began his glorious journey to the East and struggled for 12 years. In 12 years, Jian Zhen and his party made six trips to the East, but the first five failed. Among them, for the fifth time, due to the storm, it was drifted to Zhenzhou (now Yaxian County) of Hainan Island, and 36 people died before and after. 2 people left because of setbacks, and Jian Zhen himself was blind. However, the belief of Dafa Oriental Jian Zhen remained unshakable. In 753, he traveled to the east again. After more than a month's wandering, he finally arrived at Kagoshima in South Kyushu, Japan. At this time, it was the time when the Tang Dynasty civilization was introduced to Japan and brought development to Japanese culture. He introduced all the prosperous Tang civilization into Japan at that time, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of Japanese culture. First of all, fundamental changes have taken place in the Japanese Buddhist community. With the efforts of Jian Zhen and his disciples, the Japanese Legalist Sect was formally established. He was the first founder of the Japanese Legalist Sect in Japan and was awarded the title of "Chuandeng" by the Japanese Emperor. It has made indelible contributions to the culture, medicine, architecture, communication and friendly exchanges between China and Japan.