Peace county's history and culture

On the eve of the establishment of the county in the 13th year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (15 18), "there are thousands of good deeds in Taiping Guangdong". County economy is an agricultural natural economy. At that time, the residents worked hard and developed the "corn nest" and "Qiandanba" with an annual harvest of 1000 tons of grain, leaving a legacy to this day. Later, due to successive years of natural and man-made disasters, the countryside was barren and all industries withered. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), the population of the whole county was 1994 (this is the population of Ding Nian, with 100, the same below). At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, some far-sighted county decrees implemented stable taxes without taxes to increase the population, and encouraged residents to open mountains to grow grain and beans. Building roads and bridges, building warehouses (social warehouses) for disaster relief; Measures such as office building, Xingyi University and training talents have promoted the recovery and development of production. In the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), there were 2252 Dingkou people in the county. Develop 30,797 mu of farmland and ponds; Collect taxes of 6359 Liang. Subsequently, from Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties (1723 ~ 1795) to the middle of Qing dynasty, the society was relatively stable, and a large number of "Hakkas" moved from Fujian and Gannan to settle down and develop due to war, famine or official relocation. They used their own science, culture and technology to develop agriculture and handicraft production, and established commercial ports and pawn shops. At that time, household industries such as papermaking, ceramics and wine-making began to take shape, and the annual turnover of salt in the county was 654.38+100000 tons (500 tons). After the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, with internal troubles and foreign invasion, being beaten backward, social unrest, restless counties and counties, and slow economic development. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the feudal dynasty and promoted the development of productive forces to some extent. County people use rich clay and bamboo resources to set up handicrafts such as ceramics and bamboo processing, and sometimes there are hundreds of workshops (households) with more than 0/000 employees. The development of agriculture and handicrafts promoted the development of commerce. Businessmen from Tai Po, Chaoshan and Xingmei all set up shop here. Huizhou, Guangzhou and other places of salt, fish, department stores, re-export foreign goods, such as a large influx; Rice, beans and local products from southern Jiangxi also flowed into the county, or exchanged locally or re-exported for export. At that time, 25,000 tons of salt, 50,000 tons of homemade paper and 20,000 to 30,000 tons of rice were imported and exported peacefully every year. So peace has become the main road of north-south traffic and the distribution center of goods. The county centers on Yangming, Zhai Peng, Dongshui and alighting in the upper reaches of Dongjiang River, forming 20 towns and villages, 28 markets, more than 2,000 private shops and more than 3,000 employees. By the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the population of the county had grown to176,000; Developed land area 190934 mu; Tax 611.4000 silver. During the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government implemented the "Second Five-Year Plan" policy of reducing rents and supporting national industries. In addition, after the fall of Guangzhou, peace became the rear area of the whole province, and the people of this county built the Zhong (new) Ding (south) highway in extremely difficult environment. From 28 to 3 1 year, under the guidance of Soong Ching Ling and international friend Alley, China Industrial Cooperation Peace Office was established, and more than 60 cooperative enterprises in papermaking, rosin, weaving, printing and dyeing were founded, with more than 800 employees. Peace bamboo, Dongzhuang paper, rosin, tea and mushrooms are exported to Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and other regions and countries. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang county government implemented Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "checking chaos" and "suppressing" guerrilla zones; Collusion between officials and businessmen, market manipulation and inflation have led to the closure of many industrial and commercial enterprises, the withering of agriculture and serious economic damage. By the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), the county's cultivated land area was 244,900 mu, including rice planting area of 19 1500 mu, with a total output of 414.52 million tons and a yield of 2 16.46 kg per mu. The population of the county is1657.85 million, which is a serious grain shortage county. Peaceful people have created material civilization and developed cultural undertakings with diligence and wisdom. Before the Qing Dynasty, there were 7 scholars (including 1 Wu Jinshi). At the beginning of the Republic of China, Xu Fulin, a native of this county, studied at Hosei University in Tokyo, Japan and obtained a bachelor's degree in law. He is the author of Chinese Legal History and Criminal Procedure Law, which has certain influence in China. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, some organs, schools and hospitals in the provincial capital moved to this county, which greatly promoted the cultural development of this county. At that time, there were more than 230 primary and secondary schools in this county, and Wan You was one of the famous cultural towns in northern Guangdong. However, due to the backward economy, few cultural and educational facilities, poor facilities, a lot of illiteracy, and lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas, epidemics often prevail. Peace-loving people are simple and strong, and have a glorious tradition of bravely resisting oppression and aggression. There have been many peasant uprisings in history. The famous peasant uprisings led by Chi Zhongrong in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty, such as Spring Thunder in Lingnan and Wei Town in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, effectively attacked the feudal rule of Ming Dynasty and promoted the peaceful establishment of counties. In the spring of the Republic of China 15 (1926), party member Liu Yafo (then secretary of the peace county government) was born, who peacefully publicized the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary platform and the three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with * * and helping the peasants and workers", supported the establishment of the "New Peace Youth League" and promoted the development of the workers and peasants movement. In 2 1 (1932) of the Republic of China, 50 Japanese soldiers died in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, which shocked China and foreign countries. In May of the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the CPC Heping County Committee was established, with Fang Hua (Luo Xiang) as the secretary, leading the establishment of peasant associations and anti-Japanese self-defense forces, and launching the anti-Japanese national salvation movement with outstanding achievements. He was elected as the representative of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and attended the Yan 'an Plenary Session. In the summer of the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), Zeng Yuan (Zeng Jinghu) led the Third East Vertical Detachment into Jiulian area, which shocked the Kuomintang provincial government. In the winter of the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), Wu Yi, Wang Biao and Lin Jingqiu lit up the banner of the United People's Self-Defense Forces (Jiulian Guerrilla), actively carried out armed struggle, consolidated and developed the Jiulian revolutionary base area, and cultivated the spirit of "ideal, firmness, unity, honesty and dedication" in the arduous and dangerous struggle environment. The sacrifices and contributions made by peaceful people to resist foreign aggression and seek liberation will go down in history forever.