Unit 1 Be a self-respecting and confident person
Lesson 1 cherish priceless self-esteem
Self-esteem and self-confidence are what everyone needs.
The expression of self-esteem: pay attention to the decoration of appearance, the exquisiteness of behavior and the consequences of behavior.
Self-esteem: self-respect, that is, neither bowing to others nor allowing others to discriminate or insult.
Generally speaking, it is difficult for a person without self-esteem to gain respect from others.
Others appreciate our advantages and don't laugh at our shortcomings and deficiencies. This respect can make us feel happy and moved. Self-esteem and being respected are both happy.
A truly self-respecting person must be a person who knows shame.
Knowing shame is an important manifestation of self-esteem.
Vanity: it is a kind of psychology that pursues superficial glory and brilliance. (Know the concrete expression of modesty in life)
The most expensive clothes in the world are neither pearls nor feathers. Shame is the most beautiful dress.
Respect for others is the bottom line and highlight of life, and self-esteem is priceless.
Respect for others is my need.
Respect for others is the need of self-esteem and self-improvement.
We have the responsibility to care about others' self-esteem and safeguard their dignity.
To win the respect of others, we must respect others first.
Respect the performance of others: (1) Be kind to each other from the perspectives of appreciation, encouragement and expectation; (2) Don't do anything that harms others and does not benefit others.
Respect each other to win respect.
Self-respecting people value their personality most.
Bad habits in life that are detrimental to personality: lying, shirking responsibility, seeking personal gain for the public, and refusing to obey the yin.
Self-esteem is philosophical: don't care too much about other people's comments and attitudes, but have moderate self-esteem.
The most basic performance of respecting others is to be polite to others, respect their labor and respect their personality.
How to respect others? (1) First of all, be good at appreciating and accepting others; Secondly, don't do anything that hurts others' personality.
Respect can make people rational, make people repent, awaken people's conscience and produce inestimable follow-up effect.
Lesson 2 Raise the sail of self-confidence
"I can do it!"
Every successful person believes that "I can do it".
The experience of "I can do it" comes down to believing that I can do it in thought, showing that I can do it in behavior and experiencing that I can do it in emotion.
Self-confidence is a person's confidence in his own strength, and it is a person who can accomplish something and achieve the goal he pursues.
Inferiority and conceit are misunderstandings about self-confidence. (1) People with low self-esteem look down on themselves, can't see their own abilities, can do well, and dare not try; A conceited person thinks he is great, overestimates himself, looks down on others and is self-righteous. (Pay attention to distinguish between these two kinds of people in life)
Self-confidence is the cornerstone of success.
Conceit and inferiority are both self-centered, and a self-centered mentality will keep him away from success.
Self-confidence contributes to the good psychological quality of successful and confident people: (1) optimism, (1) curiosity and (1) concentration.
Sing a song of confidence
Only with self-confidence can you achieve, and only with achievement can you be more confident.
See the progress in our study and life (think about it)
Finding your own strengths is the foundation of self-confidence.
Strength is the most important lever to support confidence.
Only by combining personal destiny with the development of the motherland can our self-confidence have a rock-solid foundation.
Lesson Three: Towards Self-reliance
Do your own thing.
Self-reliance means doing your own thing well.
Self-reliance in life (for example)
Life needs self-reliance: walk into society, experience storms and see the world; The law requires us to be self-reliant.
What abilities do we need to cultivate to become self-reliant? For example, display: ① the ability to sell oneself, ② the ability to communicate with others and be considerate, ③ the ability to protect one's rights and interests by law, ④ the ability to constantly learn and enrich oneself, and so on.
Say goodbye to dependence and move towards self-reliance
Harm of relying on thought: ① It will make people lose the ability and spirit of independent life, and it will make people lack the sense of responsibility for life, resulting in personality defects. (2) If you just want to get something for nothing and enjoy it, you will not be able to adapt to social life and even endanger society and others. It's a way of committing a crime.
Farewell to dependence, an important performance is to live independently.
The premise of being responsible for your own affairs is independence. Autonomy means having your own opinions and being responsible for your actions. )
The relationship between self-reliance and autonomy: the premise of self-reliance is autonomy, and the performance of autonomy is self-reliance.
With the desire for independence, that is, the consciousness of self-reliance, how can we cultivate our self-reliance ability? The most basic thing is to start with small things according to the problems in your current life and study. Practice more and exercise more. Just as "to know the taste of pears, you must taste them yourself;" Learn to swim and practice repeatedly in the water. "Please list the little things or problems you need to do in your life and study.
Please talk about: How did you "bid farewell to dependence and move towards self-reliance"? (1) Ideologically recognize the harm of dependence and take the initiative to bid farewell to dependence; (2) Learn to be independent, which is the premise of self-reliance; (3) Based on the little things in current life and study, do more exercises and exercises.
Lesson 4 Self-reliance in Life
The self-improvement of life begins in adolescence.
Self-improvement means being full of hope for the future and always striving for progress.
The spirit of self-improvement is manifested in the face of difficulties: (1) Do not bow, do not be discouraged; (2) Self-respect and self-love, neither supercilious nor supercilious; (3) be brave in pioneering and enterprising; (4) Aim high and pursue persistently; Wait a minute.
Self-improvement is the ladder to success.
Self-destruction and self-improvement are opposites.
Self-abandonment refers to laziness, muddling along, not seeking progress, not making progress.
People who give up on themselves will eventually accomplish nothing.
Teenagers can be self-reliant
All people who strive for self-improvement have a common feature: persistent pursuit of life ideals.
The key to self-improvement: overcoming yourself. Shortcut to self-improvement: foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.
Man's greatest enemy: himself.
How do teenagers improve themselves? (1) Establish a correct ideal; (2) to overcome their own weaknesses; (3) foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. In the journey of self-improvement, we can break the waves and reach the other side of success.
Unit 3 Be a strong-willed person
Lesson 5 let setbacks enrich our lives
Life is bound to have setbacks.
Setbacks are the so-called "nails", that is, failures, failures and obstacles that people encounter.
Frustration is accompanied by life; Setbacks are everywhere and inevitable.
There are many factors that cause frustration: (1) natural and man-made disasters that cannot be predicted and prevented in time, (2) various human factors, and (3) personal moral quality, intelligence, physical strength, appearance and some physical defects.
In the face of setbacks and difficulties, there are roughly three kinds of people: (1) people who are timid, (2) people who are not determined or easily satisfied, and (3) people who are strong-willed and have firm beliefs. The third kind of people are good at turning stumbling blocks on the way forward into stepping stones, thus achieving sharp success, realizing the value of life and enjoying real life.
Be calm in the face of setbacks
The function of frustration: (1) Negative effects make people have negative psychology such as sadness, anxiety, anxiety and fear. ⑵ Positive effects temper will and increase talents and wisdom. (The product "Suffering makes a success" and "Mussels become pearls from illness")
The most precious gift that people win after overcoming setbacks again and again: wisdom.
An effective method of frustration? (1) Establish a correct life goal. ⑵ Correctly understand setbacks and adopt appropriate solutions. ⑶ Stimulate the enthusiasm for exploration and innovation. (4) self-guidance.
The effective way to overcome setbacks and negative psychology is to explore and innovate wholeheartedly.
Methods of self-guidance: ① Reasonable venting, ② Empathy and ③ Sublimation of goals.
Lesson 6 Cheer for being strong
Let's choose to be strong
What are the manifestations of strong-willed people? Strong-willed people (1) have a clear and profound understanding of the motives and purposes of their actions. (2) Be able to judge what happened calmly and quickly in complex situations and take decisive measures and actions without hesitation. (3) When encountering setbacks and failures, you can adjust your negative emotions, control your words and deeds, and not be discouraged, discouraged or anxious. (4) Be able to overcome setbacks and difficulties with indomitable spirit and perseverance and achieve your goals. (that is, self-conscious, decisive, self-controlled and tenacious. )
The meaning (function) of strong will? (1) A firm and correct direction in life requires a strong will. It takes a strong will to get out of the shadow of failure. (3) It takes a strong will to form good study habits. It takes a strong will to achieve something.
The key to turning failure into success lies in whether you have a strong will.
Steel is made in this way.
How is a strong will tempered? (1) We must set clear goals. (2) We should start from the details and start from a small age. ⑶ Be good at managing yourself. (4) Exercise yourself actively in a tough environment. What small things need to be started: think about it.
Taste: the blade comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold.
Unit 4 Law-abiding people
Lesson 7 Feeling the Dignity of Law
Close to the law
Rules are the standards for people to speak and do things, that is, the rules of conduct that all members of society should follow.
It is very important to have rules, understand rules and obey them.
There are many rules around us. It can be divided into morality, discipline and law.
The distinctive feature of the law is that (1) is formulated or recognized by the state. (2) National coercive force is mandatory to ensure its implementation. (3) It is universally binding on all members of society.
Our life is inseparable from the law.
China's laws: as the embodiment of the people's will and interests, regulate the behavior of all members of society by stipulating their rights and obligations.
Role of law: (1) normative role. Outstanding performance is to stipulate what people can do, what they must do, what they should do and what they should not do. (2) protection.
The law is inviolable.
An important condition for us to maintain self-esteem, cultivate self-confidence and achieve self-reliance and self-improvement is to abide by the rules, especially not to violate the law.
An illegal act, any failure to perform the obligations stipulated by law, or any act prohibited by law is illegal.
Illegal acts can be divided into administrative violations, civil violations and criminal violations. (unconstitutional act)
Administrative violations and civil violations are also called general violations; Criminal violations are serious violations and criminal acts.
Criminal law is a law that defines what a crime is and what punishment to give to criminals in the name of the state.
Crime refers to an act that has serious social harm and violates the criminal law and should be punished according to law.
Crime has three basic characteristics: first, it has serious social harm. Serious harmfulness is the most essential feature of crime. Second, it violates the criminal law. Criminal illegality is the legal symbol of crime. Third, the behavior that should be punished by punishment. Those who should be punished must be punished, which is the serious harm of crime and the inevitable consequence of criminal violation.
Penalty, also known as criminal punishment and criminal punishment, refers to a compulsory method for the people's court to punish criminals.
The types of punishment in China are divided into: principal punishment, including public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty; Supplementary punishments include fines, deprivation of political rights and confiscation of property.
10 crime has always been the focus of national laws, and criminals will eventually be punished by bloodline.
Be nipped in the bud
Obeying the law is a manifestation of practicing morality.
The criminal's psychology is to get some satisfaction.
We should hate crime in our hearts and stay away from it in our actions.
The law regulating the behavior of minors is the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.
Think about it, what are the bad behaviors around us? And can take corresponding preventive and corrective measures.
Taste: "near Zhu Zhechi, near ink is black"; "If a small hole is not mended, a big hole will suffer". "Suddenly take evil for it, and suddenly take good for it."
The law protects my growth
Special protection, special care
All citizens under the age of 18 are minors.
The laws that specifically protect our legitimate rights and interests are the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in People's Republic of China (PRC).
In the law on the protection of minors, we have set up four lines of defense: family protection, school protection, social protection and judicial protection.
The meaning of family protection: parents or other guardians are required to perform their duties of raising and guarding minors according to law and respect their right to education.
The meaning of school protection: schools and other educational institutions are required to educate minors according to law to protect their physical and mental health and legitimate rights and interests.
School protection involves the education and development of minors, the maintenance of personal rights and the protection of life safety.
The meaning of social protection: the whole society is required to create a social environment conducive to the healthy growth of minors.
Social protection includes social and cultural protection, physical health protection, labor protection, freedom and spiritual protection of minors.
The meaning of judicial protection: Public security organs, people's procuratorates, people's courts and judicial administrative departments are required to perform their duties according to law and implement special protection measures for minors.
Make good use of the law to protect yourself
Our most powerful weapon for safeguarding rights and interests is the law.
Institutions that can provide us with legal help: legal service offices, law firms, notary offices, legal aid centers, etc.
Ways to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests: 1) non-litigation means; 2) means of litigation.
Non-litigation means is an effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests. Including: (1) reflecting problems to relevant government departments, judicial organs, people's organizations and relevant social organizations. , and seek help to solve the problem; (2) Resolving disputes through mediation and arbitration and protecting citizens' rights and interests.
The meaning of litigation: refers to the procedure that the people's court handles disputes with the participation of interested parties.
Litigation is the most formal, authoritative and effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests, and it is the last barrier to protect our rights and interests.
Litigation is usually divided into three types: criminal litigation, civil litigation and administrative litigation.
Criminal proceedings: refers to the activities of state organs to expose and prove crimes and criminals in accordance with the law with the participation of the parties and other participants in the proceedings.
Civil litigation: it is an activity that people's courts try cases and resolve disputes according to law with the participation of the parties and other participants in litigation.
Administrative litigation: commonly known as "litigation", it is an activity of the people's court to solve administrative disputes in accordance with judicial procedures with the participation of both parties.
10 dares to go to court.
1 1 It is the unshirkable responsibility of all citizens, including our teenagers, to fight against illegal and criminal acts.
12 criminals are often fierce and cunning. When we fight it, we should be brave and resourceful. An effective and good method: try to keep the gangsters steady, remember their looks and whereabouts, and call "1 10" in time.
junior two
1. The root of the British Opium War: In the first half of the 9th century, in order to open the China market, promote industrial products and plunder cheap industrial raw materials, the direct reason for smuggling opium to China was to reverse the trade deficit.
2. 1839, Lin zexu was sent to Guangzhou by Daoguang Emperor to ban smoking, conduct unannounced visits and secret investigations, arrest cigarette dealers and collect opium. In June, opium was destroyed in Humentan, which was a great victory of China people's anti-smoking struggle and showed the strong will of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression. Lin Zexu, who led this struggle, became a national hero, and this activity became the fuse of the Opium War.
3. 1840- 1842, the first opium war broke out. After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which was the beginning of the modern history of China.
4. 1856- 1860 The British and French allied forces launched the Second Opium War to further open the China market. After occupying Beijing, they burned the Yuanmingyuan.
5. Before and after the Second Opium War, Russia forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties and occupied the territory of northeast and northwest China1500,000 square kilometers (combined with the table on page 8 and the picture on page 9).
6.1851-1864 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, 1853 occupied Nanjing another day, made its capital, and established a regime against the Qing Dynasty. In order to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty, troops were sent to the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition.
7. As an imperial envoy, Zuo adopted the strategy of "going north first, then going south, and slowly advancing into urgent battle" to recover Xinjiang. In order to strengthen the management and defense of the northwest frontier, the Qing government established a province in Xinjiang in 1884.
8. 1894- 1895 After the defeat of the Qing government in the Sino-Japanese War, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed with Japan, which greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China.
9. 1900 Spring, the Boxer Rebellion was aimed at imperialist aggression.
10. 190 1 year, the Qing government was forced to sign the treaty of mourning for ugliness with the eight countries, which increased the newborn burden of China people and seriously damaged China's sovereignty. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
1 1.65438+ Hubei textile layout etc. In the 1970s and 1980s, three navies, namely, the South China Sea, Beiyang and Fujian, were formed. Shi Jing Wentong Museum was founded in 1938+0862, which is the first new school founded by the Westernization School.
12. Evaluate the Westernization Movement (the content is on page 30, focusing on it)
13.1In the spring of 895, Kang Youwei's "Letter to the Bus" kicked off the political reform.
14.18 From June to September, 1998, Emperor Guangxu issued a series of decrees, the content of which was (P33): It is required to master from five aspects: politics, economy, military affairs, education and ideology.
In 15. 1894, Sun Yat-sen organized a revolutionary group, the Zhong Xing Society. 1905, a unified revolutionary organization with Sun Yat-sen as the prime minister was established, and the revolutionary program of overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, abolishing the absolute monarchy, establishing a democratic country and reforming the land system was adopted. Its establishment greatly promoted the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement throughout the country.
16.1911The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, and made democracy and ideas deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. However, the achievements of the Revolution of 1911 were stolen by Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, and failed to complete the task of anti-imperialism and feudalism.
17. 19 15, Chen Duxiu and other intellectuals held high the two banners of "democracy" and "science", took New Youth magazine as the main position, launched a new culture movement, and attacked Zun Kong with four main ideas and four oppositions as the main content, thus setting off a trend of ideological emancipation in society.
In 18. 19 18, Li Dazhao published two articles, The Victory of the Common People and The Victory of Bolshevism, to promote Marxism.
19. The New Culture Movement is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in the history of our country. It inspires people to pursue democracy and science, explores the truth of saving the country and the people, and creates conditions for the spread of Marxism in China. However, the New Culture Movement also showed an absolute negative or positive bias towards the eastern and western cultures, and had an impact on later generations.
20.1965438+On May 4th, 2009, students from Peking University and other schools held demonstrations, demanding "fighting for sovereignty from outside and getting rid of national thieves from inside", canceling "Article 21", opposing signing a "peace treaty" with Germany and punishing traitors, which was suppressed by the Beiyang warlord government. In early June, Shanghai workers went on strike and businessmen went on strike to support the students' struggle. Cao Rulin and other traitors were dismissed and refused to sign a peace treaty. The May 4th Movement achieved initial victory. The May 4th Patriotic Movement was a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement and the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution.