After the "May 4th" Movement in the early years of the Republic of China, anti-traditional scholars actively clarified "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and re-evaluated Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and other traditionally positive figures, while Hu Shi, Reformist scholars such as Lu Xun took the lead in interpreting "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" from the perspective of the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China was founded out of the desire to clarify the true history of Cao Cao, and also out of Mao Zedong's personal preference for Cao Cao. Scholars before the reform and opening up often inherited This preference. Scholars before the reform and opening up often inherited anti-traditional scholars' interpretations of Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and other figures, and quoted "Three Kingdoms" to refute "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
Zhang Fei: The name of Zhang Fei in the official history is Yide, not the Yide in the play Zhicai.
Taoyuan Brothers:
"Taoyuan Brothers": The official history does not say that Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei were brothers, only that the three were brothers.
Famous weapons: Double-pronged swords, Qinglong Yanyue Sword, Eight Snake Spears, Fangtian Painted Halberd, Yitian Sword and other famous weapons were fictionalized to describe the characters' personalities.
Zhang Fei whipped Dou Pu: Liu Bei did this. Because Dou Pu refused to see Liu Bei, Liu Bei whipped Dou Pu in anger.
Cao Cao presented the Seven-Star Sword: It is a fictional story that Cao Cao attempted to assassinate Dong Zhuo by offering his sword, but in fact Cao Cao believed that Dong Zhuo would be defeated and fled back to his hometown overnight.
Chen Gong captured and released Cao Cao: Chen Gong began to follow Cao Cao in 191. It was not Chen Gong who captured and released Cao Cao, but someone else. Tao Qian provided money and effort, but did not send troops. Gongsun Zan also participated, but he was dealing with Wuhuan at the time and did not send troops; Kong Rong was busy dealing with the Yellow Turban Army at the time; although Ma Teng and Han Sui had not accepted the marriage, they did not support Dong Zhuo; Qingzhou Governor Jiao He was because of the resurgence of the Yellow Turban Army in Qingzhou , did not join the alliance, but died of illness soon after; Wang Rui, the governor of Jingzhou, participated in the alliance, but was forced to die because of a personal grudge with Sun Jian. There was also Chen King Liu Chong, who, together with Chen Xiang Luo Jun and Henan Yin Zhujun, launched an army to attack Dong Zhuo.
Guan Yu: Hua Xiong was killed by Sun Jian and beheaded in public display.
The Three Heroes Fight Lu Bu: A fictional plot in which Lu Bu was defeated by Sun Jian.
Diao Chan's name has not been recorded in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", but Lu Bu did have an affair with Dong Zhuo's maid.
Guan Yu and women: Official history records that Guan Yu asked Cao Cao to give Qin Yilu's wife to him
Diao Chan: There is no record of Diao Chan in history. Diao Chan in literary works was created by folk artists, dramatists and novelists in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
Sun Jian's death:
Sun Jian's death: Sun Jian only took a few followers to pursue the enemy, was ambushed by Huang Zu, and died of a stray bullet on Xian Mountain.
Tao Qian: Tao Qian’s behavior is inconsistent with historical facts.
Liu Bei: In order to show Liu Bei's status, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" made Liu Bei an orthodox monarch who inherited the Han Dynasty, and compiled a complete family tree of eighteen generations for Liu Bei. Liu Bei became the emperor's uncle in one fell swoop. This title is Liu Bei came to fight against Cao Cao who held the emperor hostage to order the princes. Historically, Liu Zhen, the son of Liu Sheng, lost his status as a marquis because he did not offer soju in accordance with the imperial regulations. Later, he experienced wars and political disputes. The family had long since declined and the genealogy was unknown.
Xuzhou: Liu Bei kills the chariot: Liu Bei's work.
Three things about Tushan: Guan Yu was defeated and captured, there is no "Three things about Tushan".
Red Rabbit Horse: After Lu Bu's defeat, the Red Rabbit Horse disappeared. It did not become Guan Yu's mount.
Beheading Wen Chou: Wen Chou died in the rebellion of Cao Jun.
Sun Ce's death: Killed by an assassin who was a domestic slave and retainer of Xu Gong, the former governor of Wu County. He was not frightened to death by Yu Ji and lost his ability to move.
Go through five levels and kill six generals: This is a fictional storyline. After Guan Yu left Cao Cao, he did not go through five levels and kill six generals. Kong Xiu, Meng Tan, Han Fu, Bian Xi, Wang Zhi, Qin Qi and others are not recorded in history books.
Leaving behind a plan to pacify Liaodong: The storyline of Guo Jia's sudden death at the age of thirty-eight was fictionalized. No plan was left behind, and this plan was Cao Cao's own plan.
"The Ancient City of Caiyang": a work by Liu Bei.
Xu Shu’s wisdom: There are not many records of Xu Shu in official history.
Xu Shu enters Cao Ying: Cao Cao marched south, Xu Shu fled south with Liu Bei, and Xu Shu's mother was captured during the rebellion. Xu Shu bid farewell to Liu Bei, entered Cao Ying, and later became an important minister of Wei.
Burning Bowangpo:
Burning Bowangpo: It was Liu Bei who did it. Zhuge Liang did not come out at that time.
Burning the New Wilderness: There is no record in the history books, it was made up by Luo Guanzhong.
Changbanpo seven in and seven out: It should be a long-term forbidden army. Zhao Yun just escorted Liu Bei's family to retreat, and there was no such thing as seven in and seven out.
Mrs. Mi jumped into the well: According to official historical records, both Mrs. Gan and Mrs. Mi were safe and sound in Dangyang.
Crying on the Changban Bridge: Zhang Fei roared after breaking the bridge, Cao Cao and others were not present.
Liu Chong was killed: After surrendering Jingzhou, he was appointed by Cao Cao as the governor of Qingzhou and granted the title of Marquis of Qingzhou. He was not killed. In recognition of his merits, Cao Cao moved him to join the army.
Talking with Confucians: The contest between the war faction and the peace faction in Soochow has only records of the encounter between Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang was just an envoy.
Zhou Yu’s wisdom: It was actually Jiang Qian who failed to lobby Zhou Yu before.
Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu already wanted to fight, but Cao Zhi had not yet composed "Ode to the Bronze Que Terrace" at that time. It is a folk rumor that Cao Cao wanted to seize the second bridge of Dongwu. Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Red Cliff": "The east wind does not come with Zhurong, and the bronze bird spring (Qiao) locks the second bridge." Although it is a famous sentence through the ages, the second half of the sentence comes from the sentence "Take two Qiao in the southeast, enjoy and ****". In fact, these two sentences are not included in the "Tongquetai Fu" recorded in the "Three Kingdoms" , is purely a work of artefacts from later generations. It can be seen that people in the Tang Dynasty had this legend.
"Borrowing Arrows from Straw Boats": There is no such thing. A similar incident occurred in the Battle of Shuwu by Sun Quan.
"Bitter meat plan": Huang Gai's fake surrender is indeed true, but the "bitter meat plan" should not be found.
Kan Ze: Kan Ze was an important minister of the Eastern Wu Dynasty and a highly valued figure by Sun Quan. He had never participated in military operations.
Pang Tong presented the Chain Strategy: The Chain Strategy was Cao Cao's decision, and Pang Tong never participated in the Battle of Chibi.
Kong Ming asked for the east wind: it is purely fictitious. During the winter solstice in Jiangdong, there is usually a southeast wind.
Hua Rongdao:
Hua Rongdao: Liu Bei did send troops to chase and intercept the retreating Cao Cao, but they arrived too late and Cao Cao ran away.
Battle of Chibi: Cao Cao's ship was burned at Wuling.
The Battle of Nanjun: did not happen. After Zhou Yu died, Sun Quan lent Nanjun to Liu Bei.
Guan Yu's battle with Huang Zhong: Liu Bei captured Jingnan, and the guards of the four counties surrendered. Huang Zhong surrendered with Han Xuan, the governor of Changsha.
Marriage between Sun and Liu: The marriage between Mrs. Sun and Liu Bei was just one of the political marriages, and did not have the color of male love and female love. Therefore, Mrs. Sun did not commit suicide by throwing herself into the river later.
Losing his wife and losing his troops: Sun Quan did not adopt Zhou Yu’s beauty trick.
Zhou Yu is narrow-minded: Historical records indicate that Zhou Yu is reasonable, generous and friendly. He has never even met Zhuge, how could he be jealous? Moreover, Zhou Yu's generosity was famous during the Three Kingdoms period.
Three Qi Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu died before going to Xishu. Zhou Yu died of illness in Baqiu during his expedition to Shu. He was not discouraged by Zhuge Liang's talent.
The one who hanged Zhou Yu was Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang.
Zhou Yu and Kong Ming: During the two years from the end of the Battle of Chibi to Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang was in Lingling.
Ma Chao raised his troops: Contrary to historical facts, Ma Chao raised his troops first, resulting in Ma Teng being killed.
Cut off his beard and abandon his robe: The battle was indeed fierce, but it was Ma Chao who suffered the defeat. There is no record of cutting off his beard and abandoning his robe in official history.
Xu Chu's naked battle with Ma Chao: There is no record that Ma Chao was even frightened by Xu Chu's eyes and did not dare to move.
Zhang Song presented a map: Liu Bei should have asked Zhang Song about the situation of soldiers and horses in Shu, and Zhang Song drew a map for Liu Bei.
Luofengpo: It should be that Pang Tong was killed by an arrow while attacking Luocheng.
Ma Chao's battle with Zhang Fei: Ma Chao should have written a private letter to Liu Bei asking for surrender. There is no incident in the novel where Zhang Fei and Ma Chao fought for more than 200 rounds without deciding the outcome, and were later surrendered by Zhuge Liang.
Conquering Hanzhong: Liu Bei was the head coach when he conquered Hanzhong, and Fa Zheng was his staff.
Taking Tiandang Mountain: purely fictitious.
Five Tiger Generals: Liu Bei did not name the "Five Tiger Generals" because "Three Kingdoms" puts the biographies of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao, and Huang Zhong in the same chapter. Later generations called them the Five Tigers of Shu.
Zhou Cang, Hu Ban: fictional characters, no historical records. Hu Ban may refer to Shu general Wu Ban.
Guan Yu attended the meeting alone: ??Lu Su and Guan Yu hosted an official banquet. Lu Su ordered the generals of Soochow to go to the banquet hosted by Guan Yu with a single sword in hand.
Scrap bones to cure poison: At this time, Hua Tuo had died in the Battle of Chibi and was a surgeon.
The Seventh Army Flooded: Autumn rain continued, and the Han River surged. Guan Yu took advantage of the water and led his troops to defeat the famous general Jin, captured Pang De, and led his army to attack.
Guan Yu's refusal to surrender: There is no clear record of Guan Yu's refusal to surrender in the history books, but there is a record in "The Biography of King Chiang" that Guan Yu pretended to surrender and looked for an opportunity to break out.
Capture Guan Yu: not Pan Zhang, but his general Ma Zhong.
The Holy Hands of Yuquan and Lu Meng: "The Holy Hands of Yuquan" is adapted from the story of the founding of Yuquan Temple in the Tang Dynasty. Lu Meng died of illness.
"Seventy-two Doubtful Tombs": Cao Cao was buried in Gaoling.
Guan Ping: Guan Yu’s eldest son, not an adopted son, who followed Yu in the army. His name only appears twice in "Three Kingdoms".
Guan Xing: Because he was young (nearly twenty years old) and talented, he was appointed as Shangshu Ling and Supervisor of the Army. He died a few years after the Yiling Battle.
Zhang Bao: Although he is said to have died young, he left behind an heir named Zhang Zun.
Pan Zhang’s death: Pan Zhang made great contributions to Sun Quan in the Battle of Yiling, beheaded Feng Xi and others, and died in 234
Bai Di Tuogu: Liu Bei’s death Tuogu Zhuge Liang and Li Yan, but still said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You will definitely be able to stabilize the country and accomplish great things. If the heir can assist, then assist; if he has no talent, you can take it yourself." The main situation is that Like this.
Eight formations: The eight formations are the military formations formulated by Zhuge Liang. The so-called eight formations are the sky-covering formation, the ground-carrying formation, the rising wind formation, the hanging cloud formation, the flying dragon formation, and the tiger-wing formation. , Bird Flying Formation, Snake Pan Formation, each formation consists of thirty-two teams of soldiers. It is also recorded in the "Book of Jin" written by Qian Bao of the Jin Dynasty and the "Shui Jing Zhu" written by Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty. But it is not a stone formation or a maze.
Seven Captures of Meng Huo: There is no record of seven captures of Meng Huo in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms. However, there is a saying of "seven captures and seven verticals" in "Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn" and "Huayang Guozhi", but the specific process is not recorded, and E Huan, Zhu Rong, Meng Huo, Mulu Wang, etc. were all created in novels.
Six Expeditions from Qishan: Zhuge Liang besieged Wei five times, and only the first and fourth time he left Qishan were blocked by Cao Zhen.
Later, it is believed that it was forged by later generations, not Zhuge Liang.
Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang’s first three Northern Expeditions were not led by Sima Yi, but by Cao Zhen.
The loss of Jieting: The leader of the Wei army was Zhang Jiao, not Sima Yi.
Empty City: After the defeat of Jieting, the Wei army did not pursue the Shu army. Zhuge Liang just asked the people of Xijun to move with their food and grass. The leader of the Wei army at that time was not Sima Yi. There is no record of the empty city strategy in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, and it only appears in unofficial histories.
Cao Zhen: Cao Zhen died of illness in Luoyang.
Zhuge Liang cursed Wang Lang to death: In 228, Wang Lang died of illness and did not go out with the army.
Zhuge Liang follows the army: Zhuge Liang is good at running an army, but not good at strategizing, and his political achievements are the most dazzling.
Burning the Lianying Valley: Zhuge Liang defeated the Wei army in Haocheng, and Sima Yi still defended the camp alone.
"Three Kingdoms" does not mention what kind of tactics Zhuge Liang used to defeat the Wei army. Shaanxi rural legends are not much different from those in the play; Shangfang Valley, also known as Hulu Valley, is suspected to be the nickname of Lucheng
The fate of the seven-star lamp: a fictional plot.
Dead Zhuge scared away living Zhongda: This statement is true, and it is not Zhuge Liang's legacy. "Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn" is also true: After Zhuge Liang died, the Shu army retreated quietly without mourning. After Sima Yi realized it, he drove The army chased. When the two armies were close, Shu Han general Jiang Wei and Chang Shi Yang Yi ordered the Shu army to make a feint attack on the flags and drums. Sima Yi did not dare to approach, so he had to retreat, and the Shu army entered the valley to mourn again. At that time, there was a joke in Shu that "Zhuge died and Zhongda came back to life."
Wei Yan rebelled and was killed by Ma Dai: Wei Yan was at odds with Yang Yi and was defeated and killed in a battle.
Geographical movement: Move Taibai Mountain to the side of Qishan Mountain, move Chencang to the south of Jieting, and even move the Qishan Inclined Valley to the north of Baoxie Road, or move it to the vicinity of Wuzhangyuan.