Yoshizo Yamada, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, was first taken to the Boli pretrial court.
After a long trial, Major-General Ehrt Kov sat firmly in the center of the courtroom, together with Judge Bilevsky, Lieutenant Colonel Batenko, Chief Kochman, the staff of the Polje Border Region Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, translator ZFilov, defense lawyer (member of the Moscow Bar Association) Bolov, college student zhukov Felesnikov of the Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences, colonel Krasnov, professor Kosarev, director of microbiology of Polje Medical Research Institute and veterinary lieutenant colonel.
1949 12.25, Boli Court formally held a hearing.
Under the order of Soviet Major General Heurte Kov, the Soviet bailiff brought Yamada Yasuo to court for trial. Everyone looked at the kwantung army commander coldly, only to see that the Japanese general was short and neatly dressed in military uniform, but there was a command knife missing from his waist and a long list of medals for meritorious military service hanging on his chest. The former commander of the Kwantung Army has long lost his prestige, and the presiding judge of Major General can't help but think of Marshal Yamada, commander-in-chief of the Soviet Far East: "This is a cunning general who just wants a truce and doesn't want to surrender. It turns out that the Japanese Kwantung Army is a very special force. It not only captured the northeast of China with lightning tactics, but also concocted a puppet Manchukuo with bayonets. Moreover, in the Japanese army, it is known as an independent army, self-contained, arrogant, and sometimes even disobeys orders and does whatever he wants. As the commander of Kwantung Army, Yamada Yoshizo is also arrogant.
1In July, 944, Yasuo Yamada took over the command of the Kwantung Army from his predecessor Umezu Yoshijiro. The task assigned to Yasuo Yamada from the base camp was to turn northeast China into a permanent strategic base for Japan, and prepare to deal with China, the United States, the Soviet Union and Southeast Asian countries in order to save Japan from imminent decline.
After coming to power, Yasuo Yamada frantically suppressed the people's anti-Japanese struggle in Northeast China. According to the ideological amendment law and the public security amendment law, he ordered the Japanese puppet military police, spies and police to exercise crazy fascist rule over the people in Northeast China, arrested15,000 laborers, and built military projects such as the Wangye Temple in Daxing 'anling, so that thousands of people in Northeast China were killed and their property was looted. /kloc-0 surrendered to Japan in August, 944, and he transported 3 million tons of grain from the northeast to Japan. He forbade the northeast people to eat rice. More than 365,438+00,000 people were beaten for eating rice as an economic crime, and many people were persecuted to death.
1945 After the Soviet Union declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945, Yasuo Yamada led the Kwantung Army to resist desperately, but it was quickly beaten out of the water by the Soviet Red Army and could not resist effectively. On August 9th, Yasuhiro Yamada ordered that the valuable instruments and confidential materials of Japan's bacteriological warfare experiments in northeast China be moved to North Korea, and all the evidence that might expose the Japanese invaders to conduct bacteriological warfare was destroyed.
Under the heavy blow of the Soviet Red Army, Yasuo Yamada left some personnel to guard Changchun and led the Kwantung Army to retreat from Changchun to Tonghua and Shenyang. After Japan announced its surrender, he still stubbornly refused to surrender and commanded the Kwantung Army to fight back desperately, which was devastating. Only in August 1945, he gave the order to negotiate surrender with the Soviet Far East Military Command: "In order to carry out the order to stop military operations as soon as possible, our general commander of the Kwantung Army issued an order this morning so that the Japanese representative's plane could be in August 17+65438+. The Kwantung Army Command hopes that this measure will not cause any misunderstanding. The Soviet general immediately saw through Yamada's trick, and Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky clearly pointed out: "I think this is Yamada's delaying tactics. He just regards us as equal opponents, and does not use a word of surrender throughout, which is not allowed. He said so much that I thought it was all nonsense. In fact, one sentence is enough, and that is unconditional surrender! Yi San Yamada saw that the Soviet Red Army refused his request for a truce, and sent planes to drop two mailboxes on the Soviet side. Aleksandr Aleksandr Aleksandr Vasilevsky immediately ordered a power generation to condemn Yi San Yamada.
"Although the Japanese Kwantung Army Command sent a telegram to the Soviet Far East Army Command, it proposed to stop military operations, but it did not mention the surrender of the Japanese armed forces in Manchuria.
At the same time, the Japanese army turned to counterattack in many areas of the Soviet-Japanese battlefield. I hereby propose to the commander of Kwantung Army: from August 20th 12, stop taking any combat action against Soviet troops and surrender. The above-mentioned deadline was put forward in order to enable the Kwantung Army Command to give orders to all its troops to stop resisting and surrendering.
Once the Japanese army begins to disarm, the Soviet army will stop fighting. Yi San Yamada is hopeless. On August 18, he replied to the headquarters of the Soviet Far East Red Army by radio, ready to fulfill all surrender conditions. On August 22nd, Yasuo Yamada led 97 generals of Kwantung Army, 1, with more than 500 school assistants. According to the orders of the Soviet army, they were arranged in a neat square in the exercise field of the Kwantung Army in Changchun. When the Soviet flag slowly rose in the national anthem, Yasuo Yamada presented the establishment, weapons, personnel list and sequence list of the Kwantung Army to Marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky.
Aleksandr Vasilevsky made a majestic speech on the parade platform, emphasizing the unconditional surrender of the Japanese army and teasing: "As the vast number of officers and men who participated in this war, they are also victims of this war. You will all be released, except the most heinous war planner and the executioner with people's blood on his hands. The day will come soon when you will be reunited with your wives, children, parents and brothers. I only hope that you can deeply reflect on this war and never take up arms again and become messengers of human peace. ..... In a long period of trial, Ehrt kov will repeat this passage. Of course, this is another story, not to mention it for the time being.
Then, the Soviet prosecutor smirnoff began to read the indictment: "The preliminary result of this case has been ascertained. When planning and preparing for its war of aggression against the Soviet Union and other countries, Japanese imperialism plans to use bacteriological weapons on a large scale and locally, which is an evil tool to destroy human life on a large scale in order to achieve its goals. The indictment revealed that the Japanese Kwantung Army set up special forces to prepare and carry out germ warfare, conducted evil experiments on living people, used germ warfare weapons in the war of aggression against China, and stepped up preparations for germ warfare in the Soviet Union. Then, prosecutor smirnoff accused Yamada of the following charges: "Yasuo Yamada surrendered to Japan from 1944, and led the activities of the 73rd1Force and the 1st 100 Special Forces to prepare for germ warfare as the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Kwantung Army.
"During this period, Yamada himself or the officer in charge of the entrusted command inspected each unit, listened to the commander's report many times, and tried his best to keep such units always in a state of preparation.
"The defendant Yamada personally inspected and was reported by the commander of the bacterial force. He was familiar with the evil experiments on the living and encouraged such atrocities. Therefore, Yamada should be responsible for the brutal massacre that killed thousands of people with deadly bacteria. The presiding judge questioned the experience of Masao Yamada. Yasuo Yamada said that he 188 1 was born in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, 1902 graduated from the Japanese Army NCO School, and 19 12 graduated from the Japanese Army University. He has served as the joint captain of the 26th Army Cavalry Corps, the instructor of the Army University, the education minister of the Army Cavalry School, and the Fourth Cavalry. 1938 was promoted to general of the army and commander of the invading army in central China. Later, he was promoted to director of military education and commander of Japanese defense. 1in July, 944, he became the commander of Kwantung Army. 1In August, 945, he was escorted to Boli as a prisoner of war of the Soviet Red Army and put into Boli Prisoner's Shelter.
Yasuo Yamada confessed that Japan plotted a germ war in order to expand the war of aggression. From 1935 to 1936 before he became the commander of the kwantung army, two units secretly engaged in germ warfare were established on the basis of Shiro Ishii's troops of the kwantung army. One is "kwantung army epidemic prevention and water supply department, code 73 1 unit; The other is the Kwantung Army Animal Epidemic Prevention Department, code-named 100 unit, and the two units are collectively called Kwantung Army Unit 659.
Yasuo Yamada clearly admitted: "The 73 1 unit is under my direct jurisdiction as the commander-in-chief of the Kwantung Army. I am responsible for the tactical leadership of the 73 1 unit, that is, to solve all problems related to the production and use of bacteriological weapons.
That is to say, if you must use germ weapons against the enemy, then the order of such action can only be given by me, because 73 1 Force is a special force under my jurisdiction. The presiding judge asked Yasuo Yamada to explain his crime. Yasuo Yamada said: "First of all, I admit that my crime is that from 1944 to the day of surrender, I have been directly leading the 73rd1Army and the 100 Bacteriological Army under my jurisdiction as the commander-in-chief of the Kwantung Army, in order to study the most effective use of bacteriological warfare weapons and to produce a large number of bacteriological warfare weapons for operational needs. In other words, I admit that my crime is that I directly led the preparations for germ warfare against the Soviet Union, China, the Mongolian people, Britain, the United States and other countries. Soviet prosecutors accused Yamada Yoshizo of approving bacteria test on the living in Boli court. Yamada Yoshizo confessed to this. He said: "Experiments on living people were originally approved by my predecessor, General Mizu or General Ueda. At this point, I admit that my sin is that I know that there are living people doing experiments, so I actually approved the compulsory killing of those China people, Russians and Manchuria natives sent by the Kanto gendarmerie and Japanese legion under my jurisdiction. Soviet prosecutors accused Yamada Yoshizo of arresting innocent people and prisoners in various parts of China, and sending them to 73 1 unit for bacterial tests. Yamada Yoshizo confessed: "Sending imprisoned people to do experiments, or' special transportation', was also approved by my predecessor Ueda or Mito. I have not abolished this approval order, so the original' Speedpost' procedure will continue to be effective during my term of office. I don't know how many people were killed by this experiment, because I didn't ask about it at that time. Soviet prosecutors accused Yasuhiro Yamada of reusing Ishii as the commander of the 73 1 unit in 1945. What's the purpose? Taifu Yamada confessed: "The 73 1 unit was founded by Ishii, so he was appointed as the commander of the 65438 to 0945 units. Personally, I think that Ishii's appointment as the commander of 73 1 Force was directly related to the task of stepping up the work of various bacteriological units at that time, and to the need to implement the instructions issued by the Ministry of the Army to expand the production of bacteriological weapons. Soviet prosecutor Lieutenant Colonel Bashenko asked, what is the reason why Japan stepped up the production of bacteriological weapons in 1945? Yamada said: "At that time, 73 1 Army and 100 Army stepped up the production of bacterial weapons because the preparation period of the most effective bacterial weapons in the experiment was over. I mean using' Ishii-style' bacterial bombs, spreading plague fleas by plane and destroying bacteria on the ground. I learned about these things from the reports of General Kitano, General Gao Qiao and others. 1945, with the successful completion of all preparations to improve the most effective use of bacterial weapons, large-scale production of bacterial weapons began, so that once ordered by the imperial base camp, it could be actually used in any aspect. In the spring of 1945, I gave orders to the 73rd1army and the 0th 100 army to expand the production of bacteriological weapons, and therefore tried to increase and improve the equipment and replenish the necessary materials for the 73rd1army. In addition, I personally think that the expansion of bacterial weapons production during the period of 1945 was due to the deterioration of the military situation on various battlefields. The Soviet prosecutor accused Yamada Yasuo: "He was once the sole owner of Manchukuo and the Japanese army entrenched in the territory, and was the dictator there. All Japanese troops and all administrative organs in the occupied areas were once under the jurisdiction of the Kwantung Army Command, and all Japanese gendarmerie, detectives and anti-detective agencies responsible for carrying out barbaric terrorist measures against Manchuria residents were completely under his command. According to Yamada's confession at the trial, sending people to Ishii troops by so-called "special transport" can only be implemented after the commander-in-chief of Kwantung Army approved this evil procedure, which is regarded by the Japanese as punishing those undesirable elements. The prosecutor of the Soviet Union solemnly pointed out that Yamada Yoshizo tried to reduce his role in this crime in Boli court. He used the excuse that "special delivery and other measures were approved by his predecessor, which was very shameful, because Yamada, after Umezu Yoshijiro served as commander-in-chief of the Kwantung Army, was more keen than his predecessor to promote the actual use of the most dangerous germ warfare weapons by various germ troops. All the confessions of the defendants and witnesses questioned during the trial clearly proved that since Yamada was the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Kwantung Army for three times, the tension of preparing for germ warfare has increased sharply, and the number of people who died at the hands of evil experimenters has greatly increased. It fully proves that Yamada Yoshizo prepared a germ war against the people of peace-loving countries in an extremely secret way. He is one of the leaders of Japan's conspiracy against human peace and should be severely punished.
Yamada said in his final statement: I was born in a military family. I grew up serving in the Japanese army since I was a child. I've always been taught to obey the orders of the officers and observe the duties of the soldiers. After I was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army, I have been faithfully carrying out all orders and instructions of the Japanese Army Province and the Chief of Staff. I admit that I should be responsible for all the crimes committed by various units in preparation for germ warfare during my tenure as commander-in-chief of the Kwantung Army.
I know all the seriousness of my guilt, and I know all the seriousness of my crime, so I don't want to think about the severity of the punishment that the court will sentence me in the future.
1949 12.30, a long trial, Major General Etkov, solemnly announced the verdict on Yamada Yi San. The Boli Military Court has found out Yi San Yamada's criminal behavior: Yi San Yamada served as the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Kwantung Army from 1944 to Japan's surrender, leading the 73rd1Army and 100 Army under his jurisdiction to carry out criminal activities in preparation for bacteriological warfare. Yamada has taken measures to make the 73rd1Army and the 7th 100 Army fully prepared for bacteriological warfare, so that their production capacity can fully guarantee the Japanese army to use bacteriological warfare weapons. Therefore, according to article 1 of Decree-Law 1. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 1943, sentenced to be sent to a labor camp for 25 years.
After serving half a year in Boli No.45 special shelter farm, Yamada was included in the list of 969 war criminals handed over to China according to the agreement reached between the new China government and the Soviet government, and was taken to Suifenhe on August 1950 and handed over to the China government.
Yamada Yasuo was detained in Fushun War Criminals Management Office. At first, he was afraid that he would encircle the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition forces in Northeast China, prepare and carry out germ warfare, and owe countless blood debts to the people of China. As the commander of the Kwantung Army, he will be beheaded.
Yamada ten thousand never imagined that he came to China without being beheaded, and was regarded as a small stove as a general war criminal. After visiting the mass graves in the northeast and listening to the complaints of the victims' families, he was deeply touched. Inspired by China's policy of reforming war criminals, he began to receive education and reform from China.
In Fushun War Criminals Management Office, Yamada Yoshizo pleaded guilty with a good attitude and actively accepted the reform. In June, 1956 was released by the government of China.
1July 1965 18, Yasuo Yamada died in Japan.