Is agency by estoppel fraudulent?

Apparent agency is a civil concept, while fraud is a criminal concept. A superficial agent may commit fraud or contract fraud. The key lies in whether the apparent agent aims at illegal possession. If the apparent agent has a real subjective desire and behavior to perform the contract, and only uses the convenience of his business activities as the buyer of Company A to obtain commercial benefits for Company B, and does have a subjective mentality and behavior to perform the contract, it should not be considered as fraud or contract fraud for the purpose of illegal possession.

However, whether it constitutes a crime or not, Zhang may become an apparent agent because of his previous occupation or other supporting materials.