1927 after the August 7th meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China authorities moved from Wuhan to Shanghai. The central organ is located in Shanghai, which has the following advantages: Shanghai is the largest city in China, with a large area, good concealment, complicated concession situation, no hukou, easy to find housing, and convenient for setting up organs and engaging in secret activities. Shanghai is also the birthplace of China's * * * production party. The party's work has been uninterrupted and has a good working foundation. The unfavorable factors are: on the one hand, Shanghai is the center of imperialist aggression, with foreign navies, armies and concessions patrolling; On the other hand, Shanghai is an important position of Kuomintang reactionaries in politics, economy and diplomacy, with troops, police, gendarmerie and secret agents. There are also a group of bullies in Shanghai. Therefore, it is very difficult to carry out revolutionary activities in Shanghai, a place where Chinese and foreign reactionary forces gather, just like going deep into Longtan. Without very strict security work, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the CPC Central Committee. How to defend the security of the central government in the severe white terror environment is an extremely serious problem before the party.
As early as May 1927, Zhou Enlai established the central secret service on the basis of the secret service of the Central Military Commission. When the Central Committee was in Wuhan, a branch was set up in the Military Commission to take charge of intelligence work, which was headed by Zhou Enlai. After the Central Committee moved to Shanghai, Zhou Enlai established the Central Committee Special Branch on the basis of the Special Branch of the Military Commission, which was led by the Organization Department. 1in the spring of 928, the central government specially organized a study class to learn how to do secret work, how to defend oneself and attack the enemy, and Heyun gave lectures. After the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in order to strengthen the leadership, the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting of the Communist Party of China held on June19281KLOC-0/4 decided that Xiang, Gu and Gu should form a secret service committee, and the work led by them should be actually responsible.
Kurt's main tasks are to ensure the security of the central leading organs, collect and master information, suppress traitors, rescue arrested comrades and establish secret radio stations. Kurt began to set up three departments below. One department was called the headquarters, and later it was called the General Affairs Department. Its main duties are to rent houses for the central organs and leading comrades, arrange meeting places, rescue the arrested central responsible comrades, establish contact points, collect the bodies of comrades killed by the enemy, and take care of the lives of their families. , its chief is Hong. The second division is the intelligence department, which is mainly responsible for collecting intelligence and mastering the enemy's situation. In practice, we adopt the methods of "pushing" and "pulling", go deep into the key departments of the enemy, collect all kinds of information, grasp the law of the enemy's activities, and sabotage the enemy's plot, headed by Chen Geng. The third division is an action division, responsible for rescuing arrested comrades and cracking down on traitors who commit heinous crimes. Under this part, there is a "red team" with pistols and box guns, also known as the "dog team". Its members are selected from the workers in Shanghai and the Red Army in the Soviet area, and are composed of some special shooters who are witty and brave and have the best marksmanship. They are responsible for fighting "dogs" (suppressing traitors and Kuomintang spies), and the section chief is Gu (concurrently). Later, with the development of the situation, the communication department was established, also known as the communication department. Its task is to be responsible for the liaison between the CPC Central Committee and the base areas, between the Red Army and the provincial committees, and between land and water, with Li Qiang as the section chief.
Intelligence work is an important task of Kurt. Based on the principles of "Nothing ventured, nothing gained" and "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight a hundred battles", Zhou Enlai attaches great importance to selecting reliable and astute party member or the party's sympathizers, goes deep into the enemy's heart, grasps the enemy's situation, and provides a reliable basis for our party to formulate policies against the enemy.
First anti-espionage relationship, Yang Dengying.
1928 In the spring, under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, the Central Special Branch established the first anti-espionage relationship, Yang Dengying. Formerly known as Bao, a Cantonese, he studied in Japan and is a leftist of the Kuomintang. He is very familiar with some figures of the Japanese news agency and the Kuomintang, and he is very sociable. During the May 30th Movement, he had contact with the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions and began to sympathize with the * * * production party. Through * * * party member and Chen Yangshan, Bao is willing to do his best to help * * * the production party. 1928 In March and April, the Investigation Department of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee was established, which was the predecessor of China reunification and the earliest secret service of the Kuomintang. At the beginning of this department, Chen Lifu and Zhang Daofan were in charge. After the establishment of the investigation department, the headquarters of the investigation department was located in Nanjing.
Soon, the headquarters sent Yang to Shanghai to set up a secret service. Yang is also from Guangdong, and Bao is a fellow countryman. In order to carry out espionage work in Shanghai, he once helped Bob. He believes that Bao has a wide relationship and wants Bao to do reconnaissance work, spy on the activities of anti-Chiang parties such as the Shanghai * * * production party, establish a case-handling agency and contact the concession. Bao told all the above information to Chen Yangshan, who lived in his home at that time, and expressed his willingness to provide what he learned to our party. Chen Yangshan is the leader of jiangsu provincial party committee, and the provincial party committee asked Chen Yangshan to write a report to the CPC Central Committee, indicating that this relationship can be used. 1928 In May, the CPC Central Committee sent Chen Geng to see Bao, and the Central Committee agreed to take advantage of this relationship.
1928 In July and August, Yang committed suicide because he was involved in a corruption case. Chiang Kai-shek officially appointed Bao as the special correspondent of the investigation department of the Kuomintang Central Organization Department in Shanghai and became the head of the Kuomintang's Shanghai secret service. Since then, on the one hand, our party has used the relationship of Bao to send people into the Kuomintang police station, reconnaissance team and gendarmerie; On the other hand, he tried his best to consolidate Bao's position in the Kuomintang. Bao has done a lot of work for our party because of his special status and much information. For example, 1930, there was a graduate of Whampoa Military Academy, who came back from studying in the Soviet Union and was party member, China. After he arrived in Shanghai, he defected to the enemy and wrote to Chiang Kai-shek, informing Zhou Enlai of his meeting address. Jiang read the letter and gave it to him. When this letter reached Bao, he immediately informed our party that the Central Special Branch quickly organized a "red team" to get rid of the traitor, thus safeguarding the security of the CPC Central Committee.
Send Qian Zhuangfei, Li Kenong, etc. Infiltrated the highest secret service of the Kuomintang and ambushed for a long time.
1929, Zhou Enlai sent outstanding party member Qian Zhuangfei, Li Kenong and Hu Di to the Kuomintang supreme secret service to "bring them here" to prepare for a long-term ambush and collect intelligence. Qian Zhuangfei used to be a doctor and teacher in Beijing. He was versatile. /kloc-in the summer of 0/928, Qian Zhuangfei was admitted to the radio training class run by Kuomintang spy chief Xu Enceng. Because he is brilliant, good at making friends, and he is a fellow villager in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, he won a lot of trust and was transferred to be a secretary. At the end of 1929, Chen Lifu was transferred as the director of the investigation department, and Xu had more power. The investigation department is located in Nanjing, and Xu took Qian Zhuangfei to Nanjing to be his confidential secretary. Our party transferred Li Kenong to Nanjing to cooperate with Qian Zhuangfei's work.
Xu Enceng is a dude and Chen Lifu's cousin. Backstage, dawdling on the brothel dance floor all day, leaving many things to Qian Zhuangfei. His secret radio station is located in the investigation section, and telegrams, reports and various information sent to Xu Enceng from all over the country are sent to review and put forward suggestions for handling. In this way, Qian Zhuangfei mastered the important secrets here. In order to collect information, Chen Lifu and Xu Enceng demanded the establishment of public organs. Li Kenong and other comrades took this opportunity to set up intelligence organs in the form of news agencies in big cities such as Tianjin, Nanjing, Wuhan and Peiping. Since then, Qian Zhuangfei has actually mastered the highest spy command organ of the Kuomintang. Hu Di presided over the Kuomintang intelligence agency "Zhi Min News Agency" in Nanjing, and later transferred to Tianjin to set up the Kuomintang intelligence agency "Great Wall News Agency". Li Kenong actually presided over the Kuomintang intelligence agency in Shanghai. Zhou Enlai, Petko, Chen Geng and Li Kenong. Li, Qian and Hu Cheng set up a party group headed by Li Kenong. In this way, the secrets of the highest secret service of the Kuomintang, from the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Nanjing to Shanghai and Tianjin, were mostly grasped by our party in a timely and systematic manner. Li, Qian and Hu cooperated with each other, collected a large number of military, political and spy information of the Kuomintang, understood and mastered the Kuomintang's trends, and provided an important basis for the CPC Central Committee to formulate its policy toward the enemy.
There is also a well-known figure in the intelligence relationship of Turco, that is, one of the "six gentlemen who raised security" in that year, and Yang Du, the guest of green gang tycoon Du at that time. Yang Du was notorious for supporting the monarchy in his early years, but he lost his way in his later years and gradually turned to revolution. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/929, with the approval of Zhou Enlai, he secretly joined the China Producers' Party. Yang Du used his special status to provide the party with a lot of important information on politics, economy and military affairs within the Kuomintang ruling group.
In the white terror environment, the enemy did not hesitate to buy off those elements in our team who were not determined to engage in revolution by despicable means such as high officials, rich money and beautiful women, and acted as their spies and spies. One of the important tasks of the Central Special Branch is to rescue arrested comrades and punish traitors.
1928 On the morning of April 15, Luo Yinong, who had just returned from Hubei to work in the central government, went to the joint of Hurd Road on Beijing West Road. While waiting for someone, he was suddenly arrested and taken to Longhua by the enemy from the British Concession. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Zhou Enlai led Central Kurt to do his best to rescue him. Later, I learned in Songhu and garrison headquarters that Luo Yinong would be extradited to the Kuomintang, so I was prepared to carry out armed robbery on the way. However, the detention center and the Kuomintang authorities were afraid of an accident, extradited in advance, and ordered to be shot in the western suburbs of Shanghai without trial, which made the rescue work of the Central Special Branch unsuccessful.
In order to find out why Luo Yinong was arrested, Zhou Enlai organized the Central Special Branch to find out who the traitors who betrayed Luo Yinong were He Jiaxing and He Zhihua. After the crimes of He Jia and He Er were investigated clearly, the Central Committee decided that the "Red Team" soldiers led by Chen Geng suddenly rushed into their hotel in the early morning, set off firecrackers in the yard as a cover and shot He Jiaxing. He Zhihua got under the bed and was blinded by one eye. He found out the names and addresses of comrades in our party. It prevented two traitors from further selling to more than a dozen central organs, and the party avoided a big sacrifice.
Peng Pai, Ren Heyun were arrested.
1929 On the afternoon of August 24th, China's Central Military Commission was in a meeting atNo. Li Jingyuan 12, Xinzha Road. According to the information provided by the traitor, the Shanghai Public Security Bureau of the Kuomintang arrested Peng Pai, Yang Yin, Changyi Yan, Xing Shizhen and other outstanding military cadres of the Party. Zhou Enlai, secretary of the Central Military Commission, should have attended the meeting, but he was unable to attend due to other temporary business. Bao didn't know the enemy's action plan until two hours before the organ was destroyed, and it was too late to inform our party. After the incident, the Central Special Branch quickly found out that the traitor was Bai Xin. This person used to be the secretary of the Military Commission and was familiar with the situation of the Military Commission. On August 24th, Bai Xin had tipped off the enemy in advance. He pretended to have nothing to do at the meeting and took notes. Although they were caught together, they were quickly protected by the enemy. Our party went to talk to Bai as a special correspondent of the Kuomintang Shanghai Bureau of Investigation, and learned that he was going to Nanjing to continue selling party secrets, then went back to Shanghai to wreak havoc on the central government of China, and then fled to Italy.
After Zhou Enlai knew the news, he decided to get rid of this heinous traitor as soon as possible, so as to avoid endless future trouble. The "Red Team" immediately managed to rent several rooms next to No.48 Hehefang between Joffrey Street (now Huaihai Road) and Pushi Road (now Changle Road) in the Shanghai Concession where Bai Chongxi lived, and put Bai Chongxi under surveillance. Zhou Enlai also personally went to the place where Bai Xin lived to observe the scene, and combined with the information obtained, made a careful action plan and directed Chen Geng to implement it. When 1 929165438+10/in 1 1, Bai Xin, Fan Zhengbo and other five people went out of the house and didn't get on the bus, the spies in the alley shot together, killing four people on the spot. Kurt's special marksmanship is very accurate. Three people shot at Bai, and all three bullets entered from a part behind Bai's head. After patrol and forensic autopsy, they were all surprised. At that time, on the Shanghai beach, the reputation of "* * * production party sharpshooter" was greatly shocked, which made spies and traitors fearful. Zhou Enlai also mobilized all the strength of Turco to rescue four comrades, including Peng Pai. The way to save them is to use armed robbery and other enemies to save them on the way to the execution ground. However, on the day of execution, the enemy was heavily guarded and the rescue failed.
On August 30th, Peng Pai and other four comrades died in Longhua. Zhou Enlai was very sad and filled with indignation. The next day, with tears in his eyes, he wrote a book, "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sued the working people all over the country for resisting the Kuomintang's massacre of revolutionary leaders", angrily exposing the crime of Kuomintang reactionaries killing revolutionary comrades. Two weeks later, he wrote the article "Comrade Peng Yang Yan Xing was killed by the enemy", recalling the touching story of the martyrs who died after being arrested and fought for the revolution until the last moment.
Ren was arrested three times around 1929 because he used an alias and didn't reveal his identity. The first two times, leading comrades, please sympathize with our party's lawyer, law professor Pan Zhenya and lawyer Guo to defend in court and rescue him from prison legally. The last time he was arrested in Shanghai in September, 1929. When he was arrested, he chewed up the secret document hidden in his mouth and swallowed it. The enemy only found a monthly ticket on him. Because the house with a fake address on the monthly ticket was burned down in the fire, there is no evidence. The enemy tortured him and even electrocuted him, but he never revealed his real name. Zhou Enlai led the Central Special Branch, first asked a lawyer to defend it, and then sent Chen Geng to find Bao to try to rescue it. Bao used his relationship with the concession patrol house to say that Ren was his man. At the same time, he asked Hong to give 65,438+000 yuan to inspector Liu Liankui. The next day, Ren was released safely.
1930 In April, Yun was arrested in front of Laoyihe Cotton Mill in Hudong under the pseudonym of Wang. He was sentenced to three years in prison for making a disguise and not revealing his identity. After Zhou Enlai knew it, he sent Chen Geng to reduce Yun's sentence through a judge of Jiangsu High Court, and decided to release him in advance. Later, due to Gu's betrayal, Hui was killed.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/930, Guan Xiangying was arrested in the Shanghai Concession, and a large box of documents was stolen from the patrol room. Entrusted by our party, Bao asked the inspection room to help identify these documents, and the inspection room agreed. A staff member of the Central Special Branch went to the patrol room as an expert sent by Bao to "authenticate" these documents. Liu Ding brought back all the important documents. Later, Bao told the patrol room that the arrested person was a scholar, and the copied documents were all academic reference materials, which was nothing important. The enemy thought that Guan Xiangying was not a wanted man, so he was given a light sentence and was soon released.
Develop equipment and train technical force.
With the continuous development of the Red Army and local base areas, communication and liaison work is in urgent need of development. Relying solely on traffic personnel to transmit information is not only slow, but also unsafe. 1in the summer of 928, the central government decided to establish a radio station and set up a radio communication section in Kurt to carry out radio communication work. At that time, due to the strict control of radio equipment by the Kuomintang, there were not only ready-made machines, but also parts that were not matched, and even relevant Chinese professional books were not available. Zhou Enlai decided to develop a radio transmitter by himself. He talked to Li Qiang, who is in charge of transportation in Cote, and asked him to carry out research and development. Encouraged by Zhou Enlai, Li Qiang bought the American version of radio books and periodicals and learned while doing it. After more than a year's efforts, the radio transmitter was finally developed successfully.
Zhou Enlai also began to cultivate technical strength and sent people to try to learn radio communication technology at home. At the same time, in order to further cultivate the power of radio communication technology and prepare for the establishment of underground radio stations, the Central Committee dispatched nearly 10 young party member from all over the country to Shanghai to learn the technology of sending and receiving newspapers, and Li Qiang and Zhang Shenchuan were responsible for the training, which trained the first batch of operators of our party.
Under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, in the autumn of 1929, the party's first underground radio station was established at No.9, Fukangli, Daxi Road (now Yan 'an Road) in Shanghai. At the end of the year, Li Qiang and others set up a radio station in Hongkong. 1930 1 month, two radio stations reported successfully, and the contact between the central government and Jiangxi Soviet area was broadcast by Radio Television Hong Kong. In order to strengthen the contact between the Central Committee and Soviet areas and the Red Army, according to Zhou Enlai's instructions, the Central Committee sent Wu Yunfu and Zeng San, who had participated in the training, to carry radio stations to the Soviet areas to communicate with the radio personnel of the Red Army. I also personally compiled a password called "Haomi", which was brought to the Soviet area in Jiangxi by Ren, and was used for the contact between the Soviet Central Bureau and the Shanghai Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (Source: China * * * Production Party News Network)