Persians were a special group of immigrants in the Tang Dynasty and enjoyed a particularly high political status.
Notebook novels like this one often mention the Persian Khufu who was good at appraising jewelry. Such people often appeared in luxurious mansions, which were called Persian mansions in the Tang Dynasty. When ordinary merchants discovered jewelry, Persian Khufu often bought it at a price hundreds of times higher, causing a social sensation. It can be seen that Persian immigrants were a group of mysterious figures in the eyes of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, the unearthed epitaphs also prove that Persian immigrants had a high political status in the Tang Dynasty.
The most typical ones are the three generations of the Persian royal family: Li Yi, Li Zhi and Su Li. The epitaph of Youyang Za and his Persian wife unearthed in An in 1980 AD shows an astonishing information: the first generation Li Yi was named Dr. Yin Lu, the third horse riding captain on the left, and the general Wuwei on the right, and was awarded purple gold. Fish bag. His surname is "Li", the county is in Longxi, and there is a royal family; the second generation Li Zhi served as the third official of the dynasty, guarding Guangzhou as a farewell drive, and went to the later country; the third generation appointed Su Li as the Japanese manager of our company. Jinzhou Shi Hanlin is waiting to be called as the governor; the fourth generation has six sons, one of whom is an official in the Shence Army. These are just the tip of the iceberg.
Tang Law has the clause of "returning outsiders as foreigners" and is the most mature international law in China.
Was it influenced by these people, like the Tang Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty? The answer is of course no. They enjoyed higher treatment because of the Tang Dynasty's strategic needs in Central Asia. At that time, the Dashi Empire expanded, Persia was destroyed, and the exiled royal family and nobles poured into the Tang Dynasty. In order to continue to play their role in the Central Asian strategy, the Tang Dynasty gave special treatment to some royal families, nobles, and religious leaders. But it does not mean that they are not bound by the laws of the Tang Dynasty. As for those awesome Persian Khufu, apart from enjoying a certain degree of autonomy, they were no different from ordinary people.
They only enjoy one "privilege", which is the epitaph of "Northern History": All foreigners and those who have committed crimes against themselves should follow their own customs and laws; those who have committed different crimes should punished by law. The translated meaning of this law is: If the Persians who settled in the Tang Dynasty invaded the Persians, they could be tried according to Persian law; if the Persians and Koreans invaded, they would be tried according to the laws of the Tang Dynasty. Invasions between Persians and Tang people were also judged according to Tang laws.
So we can know that those Persian Khufu have no privileges, and if they cheat, they will also be punished by Tang law. This law is similar to the level of contemporary international law, with high intentions and strong rationality. This is one of the reasons why Datang became a world empire.
Volume 6, Article 48: "All foreigners and similar people who have committed crimes against themselves should abide by this common law; people who have committed different crimes should be punished by law. Commentary:" "Zhuanwairen" means a barbarian country. Don't be a monarch, and don't be an elder. Each of them has its own customs and different laws. Those who commit similar crimes against themselves must inquire about their own system and be punished according to their own The law breaks it. Those who commit different kinds of crimes, such as those committed by Goryeo and Baekje, use national laws to define the names of their crimes." degree of autonomy.
This article comes from another article: Mutual aggression between Persians can be judged according to Persian law, so who should judge? It was impossible for the officials and judges of the Tang Dynasty to understand Persian law, not to mention that Persia had been occupied for a long time. So in the Tang Dynasty, an institution called Sabaosu was established in a place where Persians were particularly concentrated, and they went to T on their own.
In fact, this is very similar to the consular jurisdiction of modern powers. The difference is that the Tang Dynasty gave you autonomy because you respected your religious customs, not because your Persians imposed them. The Tang Dynasty could replace Sabao officials at any time. In addition, there are no foreigners in the priority sequence of major criminal cases in Tang Law. Only nobles, high-ranking officials, and special groups can enjoy these special rights, such as discussion, petition, reduction, redemption, etc.
So, even in Bingzhou, Jiezhou, Daizhou, and even Liuhuzhou and Hexi where Central Asians lived together, Tang law was still the supreme law. Fubao is not a concession of modern powers.
There is a famous saying in international communication: "When a country is strong, power is diplomacy." This is also true in law. The Tang Dynasty was strong, so the "alienation clause" was fair and reasonable international law. The Qing Dynasty was weak and reasonable, so international law became consular jurisdiction.