Including investigation activities and their laws, investigation system and theory, laws and characteristics of criminal activities, etc. They receive basic training in criminal law enforcement, investigation, arrest and fighting, and conduct investigations, inspections and law enforcement in public security, procuratorial, customs, national security and other departments. For example: investigation and detection of criminal cases, inspection of smuggled goods and contraband, and investigation of drugs.
Problems in investigation
On the whole, the investigation structure of China's criminal procedure belongs to authoritarianism, focusing on the pursuit of substantive truth and litigation efficiency. The investigation activities in our country are basically actively promoted by the investigation organs according to their functions and powers, and the suspects and defendants can only passively obey and cooperate, without more free participation rights. The lack of human rights protection for criminal suspects and defendants in the investigation stage in China is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
First of all, investigation activities are rarely restricted by external factors. Some special investigation measures taken by the investigation organ are mainly reviewed by the investigation organ. Although the procuratorial organ is the legal supervision organ of the country, it does not directly control the investigation except deciding to approve the arrest. At the same time, the criminal suspect lacks judicial review before and after being detained, and China lacks timely and effective relief measures for illegal detention.
Second, the criminal suspect's self-defense ability is insufficient, and the criminal suspect should truthfully answer the investigators' questions. The law does not give the criminal suspect the right to silence, and in practice, the phenomenon of illegal confession is serious. At the same time, the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence has not been fully established in our legislation. In addition, in our country, criminal investigation is not actionable, and criminal suspects and defendants can't bring a lawsuit because their property rights and personal rights are damaged in the investigation activities.
Third, lawyers are not given the status of defenders in the investigation stage, and the rights of defense lawyers in the investigation stage are still greatly restricted. Investigation activities are basically conducted in secret, and lawyers who provide legal aid to criminal suspects are not involved in litigation to a high degree. For example, lawyers can't be present in investigation activities, but investigators can be present when lawyers meet with criminal suspects;
It is difficult for lawyers to meet, investigate and read papers. , still common in the criminal investigation stage. In addition, there is no designated defense system for criminal suspects in the investigation stage in China, which makes it difficult for some criminal suspects to truly realize their right to legal aid at this stage.
Fourthly, the normalization of pretrial detention means that the personal detention of criminal suspects has become the norm, not the exception, in China's criminal proceedings through detention and arrest. Bail pending trial depends on the situation of the case and the needs of investigation. Without the right to bail as a citizen, the personal freedom of the criminal suspect cannot be effectively guaranteed.
Therefore, strengthening the human rights protection of criminal suspects and defendants in the investigation stage has become the first problem to be solved in reforming and perfecting the criminal investigation procedure in China.
Employment direction: local public security organs at all levels; Professional public security organs, including civil aviation, railways, maritime affairs, forests, etc. ; State security organs at all levels; Frontier inspection stations at all levels; Judicial police in courts and procuratorates at all levels; Customs anti-smuggling department; Investigation and supervision departments of procuratorates at all levels and anti-corruption bureaus; Department of security of very large enterprises.
Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Survey; Baidu Encyclopedia-Survey