Judgment, in legal terms, refers to the document written by the court according to the judgment. It is an applied style commonly used in the legal field, including civil judgment, criminal judgment, administrative judgment and criminal incidental civil judgment. There are several types of civil judgments: civil judgments of first instance, civil judgments of second instance and civil judgments of trial supervision.
The civil judgment of the procedure of first instance, also known as the civil judgment of first instance, is a legally effective written decision made by the people's court to solve the substantive problems of the case after hearing the accepted civil cases and economic disputes in accordance with the ordinary or simple procedure of first instance stipulated in the Civil Procedure Law.
The civil judgment of the second instance procedure, also known as the civil judgment of the second instance, is a civil case or an economic dispute case in which the people's court at or above the intermediate level appeals against the civil judgment of the court of first instance. After hearing in accordance with the procedure of second instance stipulated in the Civil Procedure Law, a written decision shall be made to maintain or change the civil judgment of first instance according to law.
The civil judgment of trial supervision procedure, also known as retrial civil judgment, is a written decision made by the people's court to reconfirm the rights and obligations between the parties after the people's court finds that the court or the people's court at a higher level has made mistakes in the legally effective civil judgment or conciliation statement of the people's court at a lower level, or after retrial according to the trial supervision procedure stipulated in the Civil Procedure Law in response to the protest of the people's procuratorate.
Article 9 of the Civil Procedure Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), citizens of all nationalities have the right to use their own spoken and written languages in litigation. The people's courts, people's procuratorates and public security organs shall translate for the participants in the proceedings who are not familiar with the local spoken and written languages.
In areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities or where many ethnic groups live together, trials shall be conducted in the local common language, and judgments, notices and other documents shall be issued in the local common language.