The high crime rate of migrant workers is causing widespread concern in the whole society, and many people begin to seriously think about the causes of this problem, with different opinions and reasons. Through investigation, it is found that the main reasons for the high crime rate of migrant workers are as follows: first, the gap between the rich and the poor in society has widened, resulting in the gap in social status, which has caused some migrant workers to have unbalanced psychology and become the basic cause of crime. "Get up earlier than chickens, sleep later than cats, work harder than donkeys and eat worse than pigs." This is a "classic" description of the living conditions of migrant workers in China in many articles. According to relevant statistics, more than 70% of migrant workers earn less than 600 yuan, about 20% earn between 600 and 800 yuan, and only a few people can get a salary above 1000 yuan. The clothes of migrant workers are generally extremely simple and even rough. Most of them live in rural residential areas in the urban-rural fringe or in shacks built by various construction wastes. Poor lighting and ventilation conditions, high humidity and breeding of mosquitoes and flies often become a sanitary corner of the city. The main customers of low-grade food and street catering in farmers' markets are mostly migrant workers. Without living security, many migrant workers have essentially become new urban poor and vulnerable groups. On the contrary, migrant workers came with great blindness before going out to work and high expectations of getting rich, but after entering the city, they faced the cruel reality of hard living conditions and poor living environment. In addition, in recent years, the income gap between people has widened, and many migrant workers have had a huge psychological imbalance. Some migrant workers envy the luxurious life of others, but they can't get huge wealth through honest labor, so they pin their dreams of getting rich quickly on illegal or criminal means.
Second, the monotony of cultural life has become an important cause of crime. The cost of living in cities is relatively high, and the income of migrant workers is generally low. Coupled with their own cultural literacy, the cultural life of migrant workers is poor or even blank. With the continuous expansion of the enrollment scale of colleges and universities, the employment pressure of college graduates is increasing, forming a new "useless theory of reading" in rural areas, which makes many farmers' children embark on the road of working in cities before finishing junior high school. These people have low cultural quality, are not affected by social storms, have a weak legal concept, are spiritually empty, have simple minds and have poor resistance. After entering the city to work, it is difficult for these people to find skilled jobs. They often engage in simple manual labor, with high labor intensity, long working hours and little leisure time. They have repeated the monotonous life of "work-eat-sleep" for many years, basically have no amateur cultural life, and rarely receive legal education through newspapers or television. Even if you have a little free time, you can kill time by playing cards and gambling, watching pornographic videos or books and periodicals. Decadent cultural ideas also take advantage of the situation and can't help but be tempted to learn from crimes such as robbery, theft and injury in film and television dramas and break into the forbidden zone of the law.
Third, the failure to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers has become the direct cause of crime. Due to the blind flow, the employment situation of migrant workers is grim. Usually, employers or foremen in the labor market have advantages and are in a "buyer's market" state. Employers or foremen often take advantage of their favorable position to default on the wages of migrant workers without reason, or even fail to cash them at all. In addition, the mechanism of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers and the corresponding relief measures are not perfect, which worsens the living conditions of migrant workers and easily leads to crimes when their basic livelihood is not guaranteed.
Fourth, the lack of legal control means has become the key cause of crime. At present, the specialized institutions dealing with social crimes are generally insufficient in strength and funds, far behind some developed countries. After the disintegration of the planned economy, the original social organization system and functions have undergone tremendous changes, and the adjustment of social contradictions depends more on the judicial department. In reality, the lack of legal regulatory agencies naturally provides an adventurous environment for desperate migrant workers to commit crimes. Many people pointed out that the simple practices and discriminatory attitudes of our law enforcement officers in dealing with farmers' illegal and criminal acts have, to a certain extent, reduced the desire of migrant workers to turn to the public sector and increased their distrust of the public sector and even society. The propaganda and supporting measures of social mediation and "docking of litigation and mediation" are still not perfect and have not fully played their due role. In addition, China has not yet established a small lawsuit system to solve disputes immediately, which brings certain obstacles to the rights protection of migrant workers, leading some people to rely on violent means to solve civil disputes such as wage arrears, and even lead to crimes.
Fundamentally speaking, solving and curbing the crime of migrant workers depends on the development of social economy, realizing the integration of urban and rural areas, and making migrant workers integrate into social and urban life normally. In addition, we should actively help farmers adjust their industrial structure, develop the rural economy, and actively educate and guide farmers to become rich through honest labor. However, based on the high incidence of migrant workers' crimes, we should actively mobilize the whole society to take some countermeasures to effectively curb migrant workers' crimes.
First, comprehensively implement various measures for comprehensive management of social security. Social mediation, a dispute resolution mechanism, can solve a large number of social contradictions and disputes in time, economically and effectively by using the ubiquitous public opinion survey network, especially among grassroots people, and plays an irreplaceable role. The mediation center shall set up a legal aid service station for migrant workers. On the one hand, we should provide legal advice for migrant workers, so that migrant workers can understand the law, their rights and the ways and procedures to realize their rights. On the other hand, we can grasp the main trends of contradictions among migrant workers in time, mediate properly, and strive to eliminate contradictions in the bud. At the same time, pay attention to tracking the problem of migrant workers, conduct in-depth research and regular analysis, and form a special report to provide a basis for government departments to make good decisions on migrant workers. Relevant law enforcement officers should combine the seriousness and artistry of law enforcement, make migrant workers feel the acceptance and tolerance of the city in flexible and diverse forms, and consciously accept the city regulations. The education department should really care about the problem of migrant workers' children going to school and realize equal education. Mobilize all social forces to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of rural teenagers and ensure the children of migrant workers to complete basic compulsory education to the maximum extent.
The second is to implement the idea of equality. People-oriented urban management is the core, and migrant workers should pay more attention to implementing the concept of equality. In recent years, the prosperity of China city is inseparable from the sweat of migrant workers. Compared with the generally low living conditions, most of them are willing to be poor, diligent and law-abiding, which is an indispensable force for social development. This is the value of migrant workers relative to other classes. Therefore, city managers should renew their ideas, abandon the psychology of discrimination and exclusion, be honest with migrant workers, and strive to reduce their rebellious psychology towards the city.
The third is to improve the orderly and normal management system such as free registration of migrant workers. Establish an employment registration system for migrants, and regularly train them in relevant legal knowledge. Employers should know the source of floating population and master their basic information. Public security departments often carry out public security inspections on the main foothold and activity places of floating population, and can set up special management departments in areas with dense floating population to systematically manage and register household registration, archives and employment.
The fourth is to correctly solve the problem of wage arrears for migrant workers, which involves the basic rights and interests of migrant workers and is easy to cause contradictions. Some data show that trade unions in some areas actively recruit migrant workers to join trade union organizations, so that migrant workers and urban workers can have their own organizations and "family members" who can help them speak and solve difficulties. This is a good way to protect the rights and interests of migrant workers and is worth popularizing. Labor and social security departments should establish an early warning and forecasting system and a system to guarantee wages, strengthen supervision and inspection of enterprise wage payment, set up complaint mailboxes and telephones for migrant workers, and smooth social supervision channels. To establish a small claims system, the court should immediately accept the case and hear it in time, and can use the night and rest days to hold court sessions, and strive to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers with the fastest and most economical litigation method. Establish a special legal system of pre-litigation preservation or pre-execution to protect the litigation rights and interests of migrant workers. Establish a judicial assistance system to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers, and help migrant workers have the ability to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests through judicial channels.
Fifth, migrant workers will be gradually incorporated into the social security system. Nowadays, in many places, farmers can pay endowment insurance and medical insurance as long as they have a house or work in the city and sign a contract, which largely reflects social progress. If people have hope for the future, their hearts will settle down and society will be at peace. Therefore, bringing migrant workers into the urban social security system can not only solve practical problems such as work-related injuries, diseases and providing for the aged, but also make them truly realize that they are part of the city, consciously demand themselves according to the standards of urban residents, promote the establishment of a harmonious society, and curb the criminal momentum of migrant workers.
Sixth, the judicial department should implement the principle of giving priority to education and saving, supplemented by punishment. In view of the weak social status and low legal and cultural literacy of migrant workers, this paper carefully analyzes the deep-seated causes of their crimes, helps them correctly understand their criminal behavior, corrects their ignorant and backward narrow ideological understanding, helps them overcome the bad mentality of loss, pessimism and rebellion caused by temporary crimes, and actively accepts reform in order to return to society as soon as possible. According to the special circumstances of criminals, criminal trials should correctly implement the principle of light punishment, eliminate or reduce the bad traces left by migrant workers because of crimes, and reduce their recidivism rate.