When Emperor Xiaowen was in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Facong gave a lecture on the division of four points in Pingcheng, and dictated it to his disciples as six volumes, with only one paragraph of essays. So Facong is a quartermaster. It was not until Huiguang created the four-part law book and deleted the karma that the foundation of this Sect was laid. Daoyun, a disciple of Huiguang, preached to Hong, and Zhishou, a disciple of Daohong, lamented that the five laws were mixed at that time, that is, studying ancient and modern theories and writing the Five Laws and Four Laws of Banknote had a great influence. Tao Xuan, an intellectual disciple, specializes in law. After entering Zhong Nanshan, he devoted himself to his works, which were later called five major works, namely, four laws containing notes and precepts, four laws deleting and mending random causes, four laws deleting and mending complicated banknotes, four laws picking up pennies and four bithuni banknotes. He set up a ring altar in Zhong Nanshan and held a Buddhist ceremony to accept the ring, thus formally forming a sect.
At the same time, the four-part law was popularized in Guang Ri Temple in Xiangzhou (now Linzhang, Hebei Province). He and Hui Xiu jointly wrote the four-part law Shu Shu and Jie Mo Shu Shu, which created the Xiangbu Sect. Huai Su, the east tower of West Taiyuan Temple, once entered Xuanzang's gate and wrote down the opening notes of Si Si. He used the new translation to explain everything, such as the Great Bodhisattva Theory and the All-tent Theory, and criticized the mistakes of the Fourth Division, which was called Xin Shu. Later, he wrote "Newly Collected Foreign Exchange Notes" and "Four Buddhist Scriptures" and founded the East Pagoda School. Nanshan School, Xiangbu School and Dongta School were later called Famen School. There are arguments between them, especially between Xiangbu School and Dongta School. Later, the Xiangbu and Dongta systems gradually declined, and only the Nanshan system was inherited and continued. According to the four-point method, Tao Xuan is the ninth ancestor, and there are eight people in front of him: Tan Wude, Tan Kejia Luo, Fa Cong, Dao Fu, Hui Guang, Dao Yun, Dao Hong and Zhi Shou. Later, there were Daoxuan, Zhou Xiu, Daoheng, Shenggong and Cheng Wai. It was handed down and flourished again in the Song Dynasty. He was allowed to write back according to the four-part method of Daoxuan, and his disciple Yuan Zhao wrote back accordingly, but he disagreed. Therefore, Nanshan School was divided into Hui School and Zi School in Song Dynasty. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it declined to nothing.
In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Nanshan School was revived because Xin taught precepts at Linggu Temple in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). For example, Ji Guang, a new disciple, built a legalist Dojo in Baohuashan, Jinling. Rereading the body and abstinence. Reading classics inherits the law of silence, inspiring people with ten wishes, taking precepts with * * *, and being prepared for danger in times of peace. There are many works. The most famous disciples are Deji and Shuyu, both of whom have many works. On the basis of morality, there is truth, constancy, realism and auspiciousness. Among them, Fu Ju entered Beijing in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), was the abbot of Fayuan Temple, and wrote Nanshan Zongtong. Under it, there are sexual characters, round head, clear, quiet, intelligent, long warehouse, natural, Indian Sect and hair circle. In addition, Jierun Zeng Li Hong lived in Yuning Temple in Changzhou, and his legal flow is unknown. During the Republic of China, there was a famous lawyer named Hao Shi. [Edit this paragraph] Classics and judgments are based on the ten-chanting method, the four-division method, the Maha monk method, the five-division method, the theory of Pinimu, the theory of Mahabharata, the theory of understanding Pibharata and the theory of understanding. The teaching method of the first generation of Sakyamuni is divided into two religions: culture and control. Culturalization is the teaching method of Buddhism, that is, it is interpreted by Confucian classics, such as the four parts of Ahan, the theory of wisdom and the theory of six feet. It is the teaching method of Buddhism to restrain the behavior of all beings, that is, the interpretation teaching method, such as the four-division method and the ten-reading method. Cultural education can be divided into three categories: sexual education, relative education and circular education. Emptiness teaches all Hinayana, emptiness teaches all Mahayana Prajna, and roundness teaches all Mahayana Sutra, Shurangama Sutra, Hokkekyo and Mahayana Sutra. The teaching system can be divided into three schools: True Sect, Pseudonym Sect and Round Sect. The real practice means that all laws are established only by the Ministry of Classics under a pseudonym, and the non-color and non-mind methods are taken as precepts. Pope Yuan established various laws, such as knowledge-only circular teaching, and took the seeds of mental method as a warning. Legalism belongs to the cyclic pope among the three religions. [Edit this paragraph] The teaching of discipline theory is divided into four branches: discipline, discipline, discipline and discipline. The precepts are Buddhist precepts; Abstinence is the practice of precepts; The precepts are the expressions or provisions of the precepts, that is, the five precepts, the ten precepts and the 250 precepts. The main theory of this Sect is asceticism. The precept body is the dharma body that happens when the disciplined disciples get the precepts from their teachers and are accepted by themselves. In other words, the practice of acceptance psychologically constitutes a function of preventing non-evil. This is the core theory of Legalists. The ring body translated as "Wu" in the old translation is called "Wu Biao" in the new translation. The three schools are divided on this issue. In ancient times, teachers were mostly based on the theory of achievement, taking "no watch industry" as the color method, and advocated the theory of abstinence by color method. Nanshan School preached that the four-part division was related to Mahayana, and according to Shurangama Sutra and Theory of Taking Mahayana, Araille's seeds were taken as the precepts. Contrary to the first two theories, it is called mind-law-abstinence body.
The Mahayana theory in the law of quartile originated from Huiguang, and Daoxuan sought five reasons from the law to prove his theory. On the one hand, it says "women return to their hearts", on the other hand, it says "giving", on the one hand, it says "giving money lightly" and on the other hand, it says "learning from the world". From "four points" to Mahayana, further establish the theory of the integration of three studies. As soon as you quit one line and have an epiphany, you will have all the lines and become the Mahayana wonderful line. The Sect also divides the commandments formulated by the Buddha into two categories: "abstinence" and "adherence". "Stop" means "don't do evil", which means that monks and nuns don't do evil. "Being a provider" means "what all good people pursue", including various rules of life, words and deeds, repentance, food and clothing. The first half of the quartering method explains that monks and nuns hold the door until they get rid of the precepts; The second half explains that accepting precepts, saying precepts and other 20 degrees (literally translated as "gathering") are door-holding. The five major departments of Nanshan School do not have these two categories.
This case was introduced to Japan by Jian Zhen, a disciple of Daoxuan Sanchuan. In the 13th year of Tang Tianbao (754), Jian Zhen built an altar to give lectures in front of the Toda Temple in Nara, Japan, which was the beginning of Japanese legalist thought.
Carry forward the quartile law
After the translation of the "four methods", although there is considerable research, it is mainly carried forward. It was not until the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 47 1 | 499) that the "four laws" were gradually valued and implemented in the North. In Guanzhong, the Buddhist monk and nun method is very popular. Since lawyer Hong Zun entered the customs and advocated the four-part law, the law of monks gradually declined, and the four-part law was carried forward in a unique way, reaching its peak in the Tang Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Fa Cong, a lawyer of Wutaishan North Temple, originally studied the Buddhist law, but because he discovered the contradiction between precepts and deeds, he turned to specialize in the quartering method, and then vigorously promoted the precepts of the quartering method. But only oral, no written works circulated. During the period of Yan Xing (AD 494), lawyer Facong dictated the Outline of the Quadratic Method, and from then on, he learned the discipline of accepting contracts with each other. Disciple Yunzhong Daofu finished six volumes of Four Laws after writing The Record of Lawyers, and was later evaluated by Daoxuan as: "But Kewen is unknown to the world." Ke Wen, this means that there is only one outline, which is not enough to explain Hong Zong.
It was not until lawyer Hui Guang (468-537 AD) of the undergraduate department learned from Dawu that this sect gradually became popular. Lawyer Hui Guang, known internationally as "Guangtong Lawyer", is a junior monk in China. He wrote four volumes of Guangtong Law Book, which laid the foundation of the rule of law and opened the wind of quartering interpretation. This book, together with the 20-volume Guang Shu written by Zhi Shou's lawyer and the 10-volume Zhong Shu written by Fa Li's lawyer, is also known as the "three important books" of the school of law.
Daoyun, a disciple of lawyer Huiguang, is a model of fellow travelers, with four divisions and nine volumes. Hebei Daohong, influenced by Daoyun, wrote "Si Fen Chao". Dao Hong's lawyers are Hongfu Temple Zhishou, Huijin, Huixiu and Daojie. Among them, lawyer Zhishou (567-635 AD) preached lawyer Daoyun's legal sparseness, and integrated four parts of legal sparseness in 2 1 volume, also known as big sparseness. Lawyer Zhishou lamented that the five laws were mixed at that time, so he studied ancient and modern laws and divided them into twenty-one volumes, which was a master of the four-point method in the early Tang Dynasty, and most legal scholars in the Tang Dynasty were influenced by it. Lawyer Nanshan Daoxuan, with his ten years' study, inherited his legacy and read widely, explained the four-point method with Mahayana doctrine, promoted the case and became a master of the four-point method. Taoist lawyers, like Taoists and Taoists, wrote the Four Essentials, and those who hold it are called "Yao Jia". In contrast, those who preach the "four judicatures on banknotes" are called "banknote writers". Daoxuan has lived in Zhong Nanshan for a long time, and is known as the "Nanshan Method". Lawyer Dazhi of the Song Dynasty listed nine founders who contributed to his works and thoughts in the past dynasties after he revived the practice:
1. Buddha's dharma meaning (Buddha's name has no virtue): the master of quartering.
2. The venerable Dharma Garo (the venerable Tammogaaro): the ancestor of China School of Law.
3. The second ancestor of China School of Law.
4. Lawyer Dao Fu: Make a question and answer.
5. Lawyer Hui Guang: Four Points of Law.
6. Lawyer Dao Yun: "Four Divisions" nine volumes.
7. Lawyer Dao Hong: Write "four notes".
8. Zhi Shou lawyer: 20 volumes of Guang Shu.
9. Dao Xuan lawyer: "four judicial notes" and other five departments.
Among the nine ancestors mentioned above, there are two sects under lawyer Dao Yun, besides Dao Hong, there is also a disciple Hong Zun. Hong Zun spread the word of Justin, Justin spread the law of Sunlight Temple, and the law was spread. There are two disciples, Satisfaction and Huai Su, who live in the West Tower and the East Tower. The Huai Su School formed its own new theory and the "East Tower School of Law". Satisfy it, and the "phase method" of Buddhism will be greatly improved. Yang Yang spread bright, and then spread Tan Yi. Tan Yi talked about the quartering method for thirty-five times, and spread the Xiangbu and Nanshan schools at the same time. He also studied the similarities and differences between the four-part method of preaching, money and profit, and wrote Zuoyilu, expounding the righteousness and explaining the differences between the two schools, which made the Nanshan school more prominent in later generations. Zhan Ran in Jingxi and Chengguan in Liang Qing all learn from them.
Family pedigree:
Daoshi
│ ┌ Zhiren (Silla)
┌ Dao Hongzhishou ┤ Dao Xuan ┤ Xiu (Zhou)-Dao Heng
│ │ └ Wen Gang-Hongjing-Jian Zhen (Chuanri is the founder)
┌ Daoyun ┤ └ Huiman
The right method-the right method-┐ │ ┌ ┌ Bright-Tan Yi
┌┌┘┖┌ Satisfied┤
└ Fa Cong | Dao Fu | Hui Guang ┤└ Hong Zun-Justin-Fa Li-Dao Cheng ┤└ Ding Bin
Clean as a net
│ └┤ Li Hong Huai Su Yi Song
││││││││││││
└ Daohui └ Dharma Body
The beginning of the sermon
According to the Records of the Later Han Dynasty, during the period of Yongping, the Han Ming Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 59-75), because the Ming Emperor dreamed of the Golden Man at night, he sent messengers Qin Jing, Zhang Qian, etc. 12 people to the west to seek the Dharma, and invited Chinese and Indian monks to take Morton, Zhu Falan and other Buddhist scriptures to Luoyang, China, to translate the forty-two chapters, and built the first Buddhist temple in China || White Horse Temple, from which Buddhism was originally spread. From then on to the first year of Cao Wei Jiaping (AD 249), 180 years, although there were Tibetan interpretations, there was a lack of codes. Monks in this period only shaved their hair and dyed their clothes to distinguish them from laymen, and there was no bar mitzvah ceremony.
In the third year of Cao Weihuang (AD 222), a highly respected Indian monk, Dharma Karo, came to Luoyang. Knowing that China lacked legal inheritance, he made an oath to promote the law. In the second year of Jiaping (A.D. 250), Damogaro translated a volume of "Walk with Caution", urging ten Brahmins to establish karma and hold a ceremony to preach the precepts, which was the first for ten monks to preach the precepts and the beginning of China's precepts. Therefore, Tammogaro became the founder of China's Four Schools.
Four Laws and Five Theories of Translation
From the introduction of Buddhism to the Cao Wei period, after more than 100 years of history, only the banned version of Beware of Monks, the rest of the codes have not been translated, and it is impossible to carry forward the law. It was not until the sixth year of Yao Qinhong (AD 404) that Frodo translated the Ten Reciting Methods that China had a biography of the Ministry of Law. Since then, the code has been translated one after another, among which the most important is the "four laws and five theories".
Four laws:
Ten recitations: In the first year of Yao, Sanzang Frodo, Master Bin Shaman, came to Chang 'an and spent six years in Chang 'an Xiaoyao Garden, reciting many (all-inclusive) ten recitations of Sapo. However, in the middle of writing, it was successfully translated by Tan Mo Liu Zhi and Belomo. * * * Sixty-one volumes. This is the first large-scale law in China, which prevailed in the south during the Six Dynasties.
Four-point method: In the 12th year of Emperor Hongdi, 500 guests, including Samanas, Buddhas, Yeshes and Buddhists, were collected and translated into 60 volumes in five times. This law belongs to the extensive law of Tan Wude Department (Law Secret Department), which was carried forward in Sui Dynasty and flourished in early Tang Dynasty. This is the most widely circulated and influential legal text translated by China.
Maha Monk Method: Also known as Monk Method. In the 14th year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 4 18), Master Faxian and the Venerable Tianzhu Buddhabhadra translated together in Dojo Temple, with a total of 40 volumes. This law belongs to the broad law of the Ministry of Public Affairs, which was slightly popularized in the North during the Six Dynasties.
Five-Point Method: In the first year of Jingping, Liu Song (AD 423), Fu Shenshi and Yu Kan Shaman outsmarted each other in translating Misha Sai's Five-Point Method into thirty volumes. This law is rarely enforced.
Among the five laws circulated in India, the four laws were first translated into China, but there was a lack of Ye Jia's copy, which was not translated until the first year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (AD 543). At that time, after various legal translations, it was popular for some time. Among them, the only thing that can be passed on to future generations is the law of quartile.
Five theories:
On the Mother of the Penis: This theory belongs to Sapodobu, translated into eight volumes, and the translator is unknown.
Doctrine of the Mean: This theory explains many Sapo's laws, which were translated into ten volumes by Tianzhu Sangha in Liu and Song Dynasties.
Good opinion: This theory explains the four-point method, which was translated into eighteen volumes by Sinhala in Xiao Qi.
On Sapodo: This theory explains the ten-chant method, translated into nine volumes, and the translator is unknown.
Enlightenment: Written according to the laws of the Ministry of Justice, written by Doro, a Buddhist monk in Tianzhu, and translated by Chen Chao.
There are more than five books explaining the code, and only these five books have been handed down in China. )
The difference between the origin of precepts and Buddhist sects and the formation of sects
Shortly after the death of the Buddha, in order to keep the Buddhism sustainable, Mahayana Ye Zun held his first meeting in the cave under the protection of Ashoka, which was passed down from generation to generation. The venerable Sakyamuni was the first generation to pay the Dharma, and continued to pass on Ananda, Eschatic Field, Shang Na He Xiu and Youpo Xi. Many teachers, to the fifth generation of outstanding women? After many respected people, "five differences" began to appear in the law collection.
One hundred years after the Buddha's nirvana, the Buddhist monks met for the second time and had the first split, which was divided into two parts, called "fundamental split". The reason for the division is the internal factors of the distribution of religious organizations and the external factors of social change, which influence each other.
However, from the historical source, the distribution of youth league organizations first reveals the main reasons for the division; League organizations maintain discipline according to the precepts, so different views on the precepts should be the focus of this unit.
After the fundamental division, with the growing differences among doctrines, doctrines and precepts, after a period of time, about 100 to 200 years of nirvana, the two schools gradually formed eighteen schools. From 200 to 300, it expanded to 20 schools.
Among these schools, eight are from the public sector: the first, the first, the second, the second, the third, the third, the fourth, the fourth, the fourth and the last. In terms of seating, there are twelve, namely, Everything, Snow Mountain, Mavericks, Fashang, Zhou Xian, Liang Zheng, Milinshan, Vantage, Fazang, Drinking Light, Liang Jing and Shuo Chuan.
In fact, there are more than 20 sects of Buddhism. Thirdly, on Xuan Yi, he said, "Those who say different things are not two, five, eighteen, twenty or five hundred." Opinions among sects and different interpretations of righteousness and principles have laid the foundation for the formation of Mahayana and Hinayana sects in Buddhism in the future. Compared with the fundamental division, these successive divisions in history are called "branch-end division".
Classic collection and sectarian Buddhism
1. The first collection-Buddhist scriptures recites the last sentence of the Buddha before he died: "You are a monk! When I am destroyed, I should respect Jane and Borody Mu Cha. If I meet in the dark, the poor will get treasure, and I should know that this is your master. " After the Buddha's nirvana, while the monks were mourning deeply, a foolish monk apprentice said happily, "Why be sad? When the Buddha was alive, he always said that we were wrong and bad. Now that he is dead, we can be free! " The venerable Mahayana was amazed and thought that it was urgent to integrate the teaching methods of the Buddha's life.
According to "Bu Lun Shu", after the death of the Buddha, the venerable Saccaia summoned 500 arhats to hold the first party in Yeqidong, and it was Ananda who recited five "agama" as "Pure Tibetan". It has been 90 years since Youbo left, and he ascended the throne 80 times. He recited Barnaye as Faji. After being confirmed and approved by the public, it became the original collection of fundamental laws, with the full name of Eighty Nian Fa Da Ni Zang. It's just that the collected works at that time were only recited and memorized, but not put into words, so the law collection has been lost today.
The Buddha's statements and precepts are different according to the interests and the root mechanism of being affected. When the Buddha was alive, his disciples had different views on various issues. This difference is based on the "sacred words" of the Buddha. For the gathering in Qiye Cave, the precepts of the venerable Ye Jia and the venerable Shipo are different, and there are so-called "gathering inside the cave" and "gathering outside the cave". These differences laid the groundwork for the later factional differentiation.
2. The second gathering-fundamental division The second gathering was held about 100 years after the death of the Buddha. * * * There were 700 monks at that time, so it was called "700 Gathering". Because the meeting place is in a school that leaves the city, it is also called "school leaving the meeting".
There are different views on the crux of the split between North and South Buddhism. According to Southern Buddhism, this is because monks have serious disputes about the precepts, which leads to differences.
The monks of East India Buddhism first put forward the Ten Commandments which were contrary to the original order, and the monks of East India generally followed them. At that time, Yesheh, an elder of the Boli nationality in western India, swam to the east and left the city. He was shocked by the begging for gold and silver of the Bhikkhu. He thought it was against the rules, and immediately invited the western elders to gather in the city, announcing that "ten things" including begging for gold and silver were illegal, and 700 elders participated in it. This gathering was not recognized by the monks' group, and they called 10,000 monks on a large scale to show their opposition, which led to the first division of the Buddhist order. Since then, the old school of Chief Polly has been called "Shangxi"; There are many schools for ethnic groups in the late Qin Dynasty, which are called "vulgar departments".
The precepts followed by the Upper Seats are the four-division method and the ten-recitation method, while the Mass Department is based on the Hammersam Dharma and the Sanskrit. About the "ten things", according to Southern Buddhism's "Mahavamsa" and "Island History", it is roughly as follows:
Corner salt net: You can store salt in the corner for eating.
Two fingers clean: at noon, when the shadow points to the west, you can still eat.
Other settlements are cleaner: you can eat in other settlements after meals.
Jingju: Monks living in the same border can hold Busa ceremonies separately.
Consent Network: Some monks can make a decision, and then seek the consent of other monks.
What I have learned: Playing cards according to the routine is not against the precepts.
No stirring: it is allowed to drink milk that has not been stirred to remove fat.
Drinking high-rise scenery: You can drink unfermented or semi-fermented coconut juice.
No clean seats: You can use seats with no edges and random sizes.
Gold and silver sutra: monks can accept gold and silver offerings.
The above ten things are forbidden by the commandments recited in the first episode.
According to northern Buddhism, the first split was caused by different views on the fruits of spiritual practice. Primitive Buddhism advocates that arhat is the highest fruit of practice. After many physical and mental tests, Arhat has got rid of all the troubles of life and death and freed himself from reincarnation. However, at that time, a Buddhist monk objected to this. He thinks that arhat is not a perfect fruit, and there are still five limits. In his eulogy, he expressed: "I was tempted by ignorance and hesitated to let him in. The Tao started with sound. It is true Buddhism. "
However, the idea of Daejeon was immediately opposed by the monks, so the two sides had a heated debate. Finally, most of the monks in favor of Daejeon formed a "mass department", while a few monks in Daejeon formed an "upper department". They were forced to leave Fahrenheit and move to Kashmir in northwest India.
Judging from the reasons for the formation of sects recorded in Buddhism spreading from the south to the north, Southern Buddhism's statement is purely based on different interpretations of the precepts. Buddhism spread in the north has different views on doctrine.
Because of the formation of two parts, the upper seat and the masses, many factions were later split from these two parts. So this division is called "fundamental division".
Five schools
Since the first episode, after the venerable Sakyamuni recited the Basic Law of the Eighty Psalms, there was no significant difference among the five teachers. This is the "primitive Buddhism" period in the history of Indian Buddhism. Since most of the members of the monks' group are arhats, big monks and other monks personally taught by the Buddha, they can follow the rituals and conventions formulated by the Buddha in their practice and residence, which is basically an overall order and there is no big argument.
One hundred years after the Buddha's nirvana, five disciples, including Tan Wude, held their own views. Finally, they collected the laws in the Eighty Recitation Law and made them their own laws. They are:
1. Tan Wude Department: Tan Wude is the name of the department owner. The widely circulated law is sixty volumes of quartering, and the precepts are one volume of four-point bhikkhu precepts and one volume of four-point bhikkhu precepts (translated by Yao Qin Foyeshe).
2. there are many parts in sapo: that is, "everything has a department." The widely circulated law is the Ten Chants Method (translated by Yao Qin Frodoro and Tan Zhi), the precepts are the Monk, Borotti and Ten Chants (translated by Yao Qin), the Monk, Borotti and Ten Chants (Liu Song Fa Xian Cang) and The Book of Changes (Tang Dynasty)
3. Mishasai School: Mishasai, literally translated as "the view without existence". The widely circulated law is 30 volumes of Five Points Method (translated by Liu Song's Buddhism), and the precepts are one volume of Misasai Five Points Classic (translated by Liu Song's Buddhism) and one volume of Bichoni Five Points Classic (collected by Liang Chao Ming).
4. Legacy of Ye Jia: Legacy of Ye Jia, translated as emphasizing the concept of emptiness, that is, taking emptiness as the concept. The widely circulated method is liberation, and abstinence is liberation.
5. Ministry of Maha Monks: 40 volumes of the Dharma of Maha Monks (Fa Xian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, translated by Buddhabhadra), 1 volume of the book of precepts (translated by Sakyamuni in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) and 1 volume of the book of precepts of Maha Monks.
In addition, there are two kinds of theories about five-part split:
1. It is recorded in the third volume of Sanzang that when the Buddha was alive, an elder dreamed of a white blanket, which was suddenly divided into five sections. The elder woke up and went to the Buddha to ask him why, and the Buddha explained it to him. This means that after the death of the Buddha, Tibetan Buddhism should be divided into five sections.
2. The fourth volume of Translation of Names records that in the thirty-eighth year of Buddhism and Taoism, he went to King Snake City to provide food for the king and let Luo Luo wash the dishes. The bowl was accidentally broken into five pieces. On that day, many monks asked the Buddha about it, and the Buddha explained it to them. This means that in the first 500 years after the death of the Buddha, the evil monks divided Tani Tibetan into five parts. Later, Uber? Sure enough, five disciples held their own opinions, so they divided the Tathagata into five parts.
With the passage of time, the spread of Buddhism has expanded, and various factors, such as complex race and language, different local customs, different tendencies of national beliefs, and the influence of political and economic situations, are enough to lead to different views on precepts. The second gathering was the beginning of sectarian division. This period was from 100 to 400 years of Buddhist nirvana, and it was the gradual transformation from primitive Buddhism that formed the era of sectarian division.