This is one: more than 60 years ago, a biologist named Michelson discovered that there was an earthworm at the same latitude between the east coast of the United States and the west coast of Europe, but there was no such earthworm on the west coast of the United States. Why is this? This problem attracted the attention of Wei Gena, a German geologist who was studying the origin of continents and coasts at that time. Wei Gena believes that small earthworms with limited mobility cannot cross the ocean. Its distribution just shows that the European continent and the American continent were originally connected and later split into two continents. He wrote the geographical distribution of earthworms as one of the examples in his masterpiece The Origin of the Continent and the Ocean.
Newton gravity
Newton went to play in the country and then rested under an apple tree. Suddenly, an apple fell from the tree. He wondered why the apple fell from above, not from below. He returned to China to study with this problem, and as a result, new related problems kept appearing, and he has been studying. Later, he found that the earth was attractive and could attract objects. Then Newton's physical gravity appeared.
Discovery of buoyancy principle
There is a legend about the principle of buoyancy.
According to legend, King Guhennon of Silas asked craftsmen to make him a pure gold crown. When it was finished, the king suspected that the craftsman had mixed a fake gold crown, but the gold crown was as heavy as the pure gold originally given to the goldsmith. Did the craftsman play tricks? I want to test whether it is true or not. Archimedes discovered buoyancy.
You can't destroy the crown. This question not only stumped the king, but also made the ministers look at each other. Later, the king asked Archimedes to test it. At first Archimedes was also thinking hard, to the point. One day, he was taking a bath at home. When he was sitting in the bathtub, he saw the water overflowing and felt his body being gently lifted. He suddenly realized that the proportion of gold crowns can be determined by measuring the displacement of solids in water. He jumped out of the bathtub excitedly and ran out naked, shouting "Eureka! Eureka! " . Eureka, which means "I see".
After further experiments, he came to the palace. He put the crown and pure gold with the same weight in two jars filled with water, and compared the water overflowing from the two jars, and found that the jar with the crown overflowed more water than the other jar. This shows that the volume of the crown is larger than that of pure gold with the same weight, and the density is different. So it is proved that the crown is mixed with other metals.
The significance of this experiment is far greater than finding out that the goldsmith cheated the king. Archimedes discovered the law of buoyancy (Archimedes principle): the buoyancy of an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid it discharges. Until modern times, people are still using this principle to calculate the specific gravity of objects and determine the load capacity of ships.
Legend has it that once Luban went to the mountains to cut down trees and accidentally cut his hand by a leaf of wild grass. He picked the leaves and touched them gently. It turns out that there are sharp teeth on both sides of the leaf, and his hand was cut by these small teeth. He also saw a big locust on a piece of wild grass, and many small teeth were arranged on two big dies, which could quickly grind the leaves. These two things inspired Lu Ban. He thought, if there is such a toothed tool, wouldn't it be able to cut trees quickly! So, after many experiments, he finally invented a sharp saw, which greatly improved the efficacy.
Someone once said, "Truth is born after a hundred question marks." In fact, this sentence itself is a truth.
Throughout the history of thousands of years of scientific and technological development, the discoverers and founders of theorems, laws and theories are almost all very good at looking at problems from tiny and commonplace natural phenomena, seeking the source, and finally putting "?" Straighten into "!" Find the truth.
Bathing is a very common thing, but Xie Piluo, a professor at department of mechanical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, keenly noticed that the whirlpool of water always rotates counterclockwise every time the bath water is put in. Why is this? Xie Piluo grasped a question mark tightly and experimented repeatedly. 1962, he published a paper that this vortex is related to the earth's rotation, and if the earth stops rotating, it will not be produced. He believes that in the northern hemisphere, bath water rotates counterclockwise; If it is in the southern hemisphere, the whirlpool of bath water will rotate counterclockwise; However, on the equator, no vortex will form. His view has aroused great interest of scientists all over the world. They carried out experiments in various places, and the results proved that Xie Piluo's conclusion was completely correct.
Coincidentally. /kloc-One summer in the 0/7th century, the famous British chemist Boyle hurried to his laboratory. He was just about to step into the door of the laboratory when the intoxicating smell came to his nostrils, only to find that the roses in the garden were in full bloom. He wanted to have a good look at these charming flowers, but thinking of the experimental arrangement of the day, he picked some violets and put them in a flask filled with water, and then began to do experiments with his assistants. Unfortunately, an assistant accidentally spilled a drop of hydrochloric acid on the violet. Boyle, who loves flowers, washed the smoking violet with water and put it back in the vase. Who knows that when water falls on the petals, the petals splashed with hydrochloric acid miraculously turn red, and Boyle immediately realized sensitively that a component in violets will turn red when it meets hydrochloric acid. So, what exactly is this substance? Will other plants have the same substance? How will other acids react to this substance? What is the significance of this for chemical research? This strange phenomenon and a series of problems prompted Boyle to carry out many experiments. He found that most flowers and plants will change color under the action of acid or alkali, and the purple extract extracted from litmus lichen is the most obvious, which turns red in acid and blue in alkali. Using this characteristic, Boyle made litmus test paper commonly used in experiments. In the next three hundred years, this kind of test paper was widely used in chemical experiments.
The most interesting thing is an Austrian doctor. Once when his son was sleeping, he found his son rolling his eyes. He felt very strange and quickly woke up his son, who said he had just had a dream. The doctor thought, will rolling your eyes have something to do with dreaming? What does it matter? He was puzzled, so he repeatedly made observation experiments with his son, wife and neighbors, and finally came to the conclusion that when sleeping people rolled their eyes, they were really dreaming. Now people study the physiology of dreams, and measure the number and length of dreams according to the number and time of eye movements.
The whirlpool of bath water, the discoloration of violets, and rolling your eyes while sleeping are all very common things. People who are good at "asking questions in a casserole" have made some discoveries, inventions, creations and progress.
In the history of science, there are many such examples, which show that science is not mysterious and truth is not far away. As long as you are good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer several question marks.
Of course, the ability to know a little, to be good at asking questions and to explore constantly is not born out of thin air. As mathematician Hua said, the inspiration of science can never wait. If there is any accidental opportunity for scientific discovery, then this "accidental opportunity" can only be given to those who are prepared, to those who are good at independent thinking and to those who have perseverance.
Text introduction
The title of the text is "Truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text. The text is mainly based on facts. As long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently looking for the source, you can find the truth in real life.
The text can be divided into three parts. The first part (1 paragraph) comes straight to the point and puts forward opinions. It is clearly pointed out that "truth is born after a hundred question marks" is itself "truth". The second part (paragraphs 2 to 6) uses examples to prove this point. This is the main part of the article. First of all, it is generally pointed out that in the history of scientific and technological development for thousands of years, the discovery of scientific truth, those theorems, laws and theories were obtained only after the discoverers and creators answered "a hundred question marks". Then, this leads to three representative examples in the history of scientific development. The first example is that Professor Xie Piluo found the problem in the whirlpool of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he found that the rotation direction of the vortex of water is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn petals red, and then conducted many experiments and finally invented the acid-base test paper. The third example is the phenomenon that Austrian doctors roll their eyes when their sons dream. After repeated observation and analysis, they infer the universal law of all sleepers rolling their eyes when they dream. Finally, it summarizes three typical cases, emphasizing that these three cases are "all very common things", but they all find the truth. Therefore, as long as there is the spirit of "asking the truth in a casserole", we will surely "find something, invent something, create something and achieve something". The third part (paragraphs 7 to 8) summarizes the full text and reiterates the views. It is pointed out that science is not mysterious or far away, and the key lies in "knowing what it sees", constantly exploring, being good at independent thinking and having the spirit of perseverance.
The purpose of writing this text is to let students understand the general law of scientific discovery-"truth comes after a hundred questions", and to feel and understand the scientific spirit of omniscient, independent thinking, perseverance and continuous exploration; The second is to learn the text to illustrate the writing method of ideas with specific typical examples and understand the form of argumentative essays. follow-up action ............................................................................................................................................................................