Public prosecution refers to the litigation activities in which the people's procuratorate files a complaint with the people's court against the criminal suspect's criminal behavior, asking the court to determine the facts of the crime through trial and punish the criminal.
Incidental civil action refers to the litigation activities carried out by judicial organs in the process of criminal proceedings, which not only solves the criminal responsibility of the defendant, but also solves the problem of compensation for material losses caused by the defendant's criminal behavior. Article 99 of the Criminal Procedure Law stipulates that if the victim suffers material losses due to the defendant's criminal behavior, he has the right to file an incidental civil action in the course of criminal proceedings. If the victim dies or loses his capacity for civil conduct, his legal representative and close relatives have the right to file an incidental civil action. If state property or collective property suffers losses, the people's procuratorate may bring an incidental civil action when it brings a public prosecution. When necessary, the people's court may take preservation measures to seal up, detain or freeze the defendant's property.