2. Criminal proceedings should be conducted by specialized state organs. Criminal proceedings are mainly carried out by investigation organs, procuratorial organs and judicial organs. Among them, the organs that enjoy the power of investigation include: public security organs, state security organs, procuratorial organs, military security departments, prisons and the anti-smuggling bureau of the General Administration of Customs. In the examination, the investigation power of public security organs and procuratorial organs is generally the focus of investigation. The people's procuratorate is the only organ that enjoys procuratorial power. In criminal proceedings, the procuratorial power runs through, such as supervising the public security organs not to file a case; Self-investigation case investigation; Approve the arrest; Review and prosecute; Appearing in court to support public prosecution; Protest; Implement supervision; Wait a minute. The people's court is the only organ with judicial power. According to article 12, the trial stage is a necessary stage to determine the guilt of citizens. Therefore, the trial procedure has always been the focus of the judicial examination.
3. Criminal proceedings must be attended by the parties and other participants in the proceedings. In criminal proceedings, investigation organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts, criminal suspects and defendants are collectively referred to as "litigants", while victims, private prosecutors, criminal suspects, defendants, plaintiffs and defendants in incidental civil proceedings are collectively referred to as "litigants" in criminal proceedings according to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 82 of China's current Criminal Procedure Law. The above three concepts have different connotations and extensions and cannot be confused. In the broadest sense, the litigation status and rights and obligations of all litigation participants (especially parties, defenders and litigation agents) are the focus of criminal litigation learning.
Criminal proceedings must be conducted in accordance with legal procedures. Strictly following the procedures prescribed by law is an important feature of criminal proceedings. Different from other social activities, criminal procedure is the product of criminal procedure law. Only activities that conform to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law have legal effect. Therefore, the circulation procedure of criminal cases has always been the focus of the national unified judicial examination.