Commentary: Duan Pihao, a Xianbei native, whose father Duan Feichen sent troops to assist Sima Yue, the filial piety king of the East China Sea, in his conquest. ...
According to the biography of Duan Pihao in the Book of Jin, Duan Pihao was also a Xianbei native of the East. Strong species, adults in the world. The battle of the father should not be dusty. Send troops to help Wang Yue in the East China Sea make meritorious deeds. Wang Jun is a pro-Jin king, sealing the duke of western Liaoning, and marrying a woman can't be dusty to help the neighborhood. Emperor Huai ascended the throne, focusing on inaction, taking the left as the leader, leading the people to help the country conquer, and pretending to care for the general. (Interpretation: Duan Pizhen, Xianbei people in the east. Ancestors are tribal leaders of Xianbei. Father Duan Wu, who sent troops to help Wang Yue in the East China Sea, suggested to the Central Committee that Wang Jun, the general of the Jin Dynasty, should seal the meritorious service for the Duke of western Liaoning and marry his daughter to help him. After Emperor Huaidi ascended the throne, the major events were reduced to minor ones. Duan Pihao turned to the left, led many people to help the country conquer, and made him a general of the complex army. )zhidao
2. It rarely appears in those classical Chinese [xiān]
In the case of adjectives, his meaning and classical Chinese are listed as follows:
1. Fresh
Turtle fresh fish. -"Poetry, Elegance and Hanyi"
The grass is delicious. -Tao Jin Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden"
Fish, wax and fresh animals are as good as ever. -"Ceremony"
The roots are bright and shiny. -Song Shen Guo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan"
2. Different; Clear and clean.
Clothes are often fresher than mine. -"Han Guang Chuan Wang Huiyue Biography"
3. Delicious
Those fat and fresh ones. -Liu Ming Ji's Orangeman's Speech
There is no fresh fat taste. -Song Ming Lian's Preface to Dongyang
Step 4 die young
Everything buried fresh belongs to Simon. -"Zuo Gong Five Years"
5. Very little, very little
Decadence has no beginning, and fresh talents have an end. -"Poetry, Elegance and Swing"
Xiao Qingxin. -Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi
It is rare to miss an appointment, ie few people make mistakes because of thrift. -Song Sima Guang's "Cultivating Self-cultivation"
The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. -Song Zhou Dunyi's Love Lotus
It's rare and not popular. -Fang Qing Bao's Miscellaneous Notes in Prison
Taking verbs as an example, his meaning and classical Chinese are listed as follows:
Lack; deficient
No uncles, no brothers. -Shi Biao "Chen Qingbiao"
3. Liu Xie's translation from classical Chinese to vernacular (Mandarin).
Liu Xie was born in Shouguang. Thirteen years of orthodoxy, admitted to the Jinshi. To Jishi Shu, official editing. During Tianshun's reign, he served as right Zhongyun and assistant minister in the East Palace.
Xian zong acceded to the throne, as an old bureaucrat, was promoted to TaiChangQing for many times, and served as a bachelor, speaking directly at the banquet. After ten years of Chenghua, he was promoted to assistant minister Zuo of the official department and served as a lecturer. Every time Liu Yi gave a lecture, he taught him repeatedly, with a leisurely tone, and everyone was scared. Liu, a bachelor, is called the first official, and Xianzong is also very important. In the second year, the imperial edict made the official a Hanlin bachelor, and he used people in Wenyuan Pavilion to participate in confidential affairs. The emperor called him "Mr Dong Liu" every time and gave him a seal. The article says "Jia Yi praises Yi". Soon he was promoted to the official department minister, plus the prince Shao Bao and the college student Wen Yuange. "Putonghua training" has been successful. He was promoted to a college student on the honor roll.
Liu Yi is cheerful and straightforward. I think I am an old bureaucrat, and I won't avoid things. Mr. Lin Jun, the foreign minister, was imprisoned for impeaching Liang Fang and Ji Xiao, and his explanation became sour before the emperor. Li Zisheng and others left the political chaos and tried to shake the prince. Liu Yi consulted in secret, and his plan was less hindered. I have always despised Wan 'an, and once rebuked Wan 'an for being shameless. Angry and anxious, I miss acid day and night. At first, the dispute between Liu Yi, Wan 'an and Liu Ji, who was in charge of impeaching Wang Zhi, led to the relocation of the West Factory. One day, Liu Yi scolded Wang Yue again in court, and Wang Yue withdrew in shame. Soon after, the west factory was reset, and the acid was indisputable. In the eighteenth year, when I saw that I was out of favor, I speculated that the West Factory should stop and invite Liu Yi to play together. Yao Liu refused, and Wanan played alone. In the submission, the emperor was surprised that there was no Liu Hu's name. Ann secretly sent someone to expose the relationship with intelligence. It happened that Liu Yi's son Liu Yi invited Liu Yi to drink, and Zhao Bin played Liu Gongzi's songs in the village, sometimes embellishing some obscene words and playing them in school. The emperor was very angry and decided to get rid of the grease. That is, Qin Chang, the eunuch, was sent to call Wan 'an and Liu Ji to the west corner gate and present the book of God. Ann and others pretended to be surprised at the rescue. The next day, Liu Yi asked to retire. He flies, and I transfer money, silver and paper money every month and every year. In fact, Wanan and Liu Ji plan to crowd out Liu Hu and make him leave.
There were three cabinet members at that time, and Wan 'an was greedy and cunning. Liu Bo is better, but he likes Tan Lun, and people's eyes are manic. Liu Yi has hastily abdicated, while Peng Hua and Yin Zhi have successively joined the cabinet, and the parties of Wan 'an and Liu Ji have become more stable. Liu Yi lived in the grave for three years when his mother died. When he comes back, he will honor his father. After his father died, the house was restored in the tomb. Hongzhi died three years ago, and posthumous title Wenhe. In the early years of Jiajing, due to the request of the admonisher, the temple was given a "bright" plaque, and officials were still sent to sacrifice.
source
From Biography of Ming History.
1. Source
From Biography of Ming History
4. Zhu is the third son who translated Fu Gong from classical Chinese. At first, the queen had no children, and the princess gave birth to her eldest son, Guangzong. Zhu was born late, and his mother was the most beloved. In the case that Shinto did not establish a prince for a long time, ministers at home and abroad suspected that Zheng Guifei had established his own son, and they played games on this matter in succession. Although many people have been exiled, there are still opponents playing on it. Zongshen was very upset about this. In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli (160 1), Guangzong was made a prince and Zhu was named. The wedding expenses of Axe King reached 300,000 yuan, and Luoyang Palace reached 280,000 yuan, ten times as much as usual. The courtiers asked the Axe King to go to San Francisco, and made dozens of calls for this, but they didn't get an answer. It was not until forty-two years that Zongshen ordered him to leave for San Francisco.
Before this, the sea flourished, and the tax envoys and mining envoys sent by the emperor spread all over the world and were enshrined every month. Pearl treasures pile up like mountains, and others search abundant number by hundreds of millions. Now most of these treasures are used to support Zhu. When Zhu left the palace gate, he was recalled four times and ordered to enter the palace once every three years. Gave him 40,000 hectares of farmland. With the efforts of relevant officials, they refused to beat Zhu, and only reduced the farmland by half. Zhongzhou lacks fertile soil, so it chooses Shandong and Huguang fields to supplement it. Zhu also appealed for the confiscation of the property of the late university student Zhang, as well as the miscellaneous taxes along the Yangtze River from Jiangdu to Taiping, the monopoly of Sichuan Yanjing and the tea tax. Officials from Bandu and Chengfeng, in the name of managing farmland, went in and out between the north and south of the Yellow River and Qi and Chu, disturbing people everywhere. Zhu also asked for 1300 yuan of Huai salt to open a shop in Luoyang and trade with the people. Eunuchs went to Huai and Yang to provide salt, and they embezzled it and demanded several times as much salt. Moreover, Zhongzhou used to eat Hedong salt. Because Huai salt was changed, all the salt produced by the store was prohibited from being sold, and Hedong salt was prevented from passing, so the salary was insufficient. Ministers demanded that salt should be supplied from Hedong to Axe King instead of trading with the people. This suggestion was not adopted. God lived in the deep palace for a long time and refused to look at the throne of ministers. Only the angel of the axe king is registered in the family register and enters and exits the palace through the door on the left in the middle. He made several requests a day, played in the morning and got a satisfactory answer at night. Traitors in various countries changed their names and surnames, fled abroad, sought information and pursued interests. This situation continued until the end of Wanli.
When he arrived at Emperor Chongzhen, Zhu was almost blocked, and the court treated him with courtesy. Zhu drinks in the closet all day, only loves women, sings and dances. Thieves were everywhere in the Qin dynasty, and there were droughts and locusts in Henan. People are eating each other's leftovers, and people are miserable. It is said that Qin Shihuang consumed the wealth of the whole world to enrich the axe king, while Luoyang was rich in the palace. The reinforcements passing by Luoyang shouted, "There are millions of treasures in the palace, but we starve to death in the hands of thieves." Wei Qi Lv, the minister of Nanjing Ministry of War, lives at home. When he heard about it, he was very scared, so he told Zhu about his interests, but Zhu didn't take it to heart. In the winter of 13th year (1640), Li Zicheng successively captured Yongning and Yiyang. In the first month of the second year, Wang Yinchang, who participated in politics, led the army to guard against it. Company commanders Wang Shaoyu, Liu Jianyi and Luo Tai also led their troops. Zhu summoned the three generals to the palace and gave a banquet for them, which was especially polite. A few days later, the thief army arrived and attacked the city. Zhu took out his daughter to recruit warriors, went out of the city and rushed into the thief camp with a spear, and the thief army retreated a little. In the middle of the night, Wang Shaoyu's pro-army greeted the thief's army out of the city, laughing with each other, slashing the soldiers guarding the city wall, burning the towers, and opening the north gate to lead the thief into the city. Zhu went out of town and hid in Yingen Temple. The next day, the thief army followed him and arrested him, so Zhu was killed. The two men cried when they fell to the ground, but the thief caught them and told them to leave. Cheng Feng struggled and shouted: "The axe king is dead, and we don't want to live. We just want a coffin to hold the bones of the axe king, even if it is smashed into pieces, there is no complaint. " The thief army saw that they were so loyal and agreed to their demands. A pair of tung coffins were carried by a broken car, and two people hanged themselves beside them. Princess Zou and Prince Zhu Yousong fled to Huaiqing. The thief army set fire to the palace for three days, but it was endless. The matter reached the imperial court, and Emperor Chongzhen waved the flag to mourn, dismissed the official for three days, and ordered the Yuzhou government to rebury the axe king.
5. Li Banghua's Translation Biography of Classical Chinese in Ming Dynasty Li Banghua was born in Jishui.
Educated by fellow countryman Zou Yuanbiao in his early years, he and his father, Li Tingjian, took the provincial entrance examination in the thirty-first year of Wanli (1603). Father and son encouraged each other, dressed in cloth, and walked to Beijing to catch the exam.
In the second year, Banghua was admitted to Jinshi. He was the first magistrate of Jingxian county, with excellent political achievements. He was inspected and recommended by the official department. Originally, the court intended to promote him to the position of suggestion. At that time, the inner-party debate had just happened. Many courtiers attacked Gu Xiancheng, but Banghua disagreed with them and was regarded as Lindong party member.
So, it was two years before he was appointed. After taking office, Banghua wrote ten opinions following the example of his ancestors' way of employing people: first, the cabinet should not be dedicated to the courtiers of the Hanlin Academy; Second, ci ministers should not monopolize the post of academician courtyard; Thirdly, ci ministers should not be taught in the study inside the court; There should be no restrictions on the entry and exit of the staff of Section 46; Five, the promotion of the empire should not depend entirely on the assessment after the expiration of the term; 6. Officials who have taken leave in the official department should honestly not accumulate qualifications; Seven, keep off, keep warehouse and other errands should not be dedicated to tribute, ren zi; 8. Local officials who have been replaced, selected and elected should not suddenly become Beijing officials; Nine, Jinshi should not be dedicated to tribute and Ren Zi; Ten, the chief executive of the border counties should not be appointed as a juror.
After this article was handed in, Zongshen didn't reply. Forty-one years (16 13), the time for the axe king to go to his fief has been fixed. Suddenly, Zongshen issued an imperial edict, demanding that Axe King's farm land reach 40,000 hectares.
The courtiers looked at each other in surprise, and it was estimated that the number of fields was definitely insufficient, so the time for the axe king to go to the fief was going to change again, but no one dared to speak loudly and argue. Banghua first wrote to discuss, and the courtiers began to argue one after another, and decided that the time for Axe King to go to San Francisco would remain unchanged.
Banghua once visited the treasury again, and the book listed ten ways to eliminate disadvantages. The eunuch thought it was bad for him, so he turned it back and was not adopted. Later, Banghua went to Zhejiang. After the death of Liu Cheng, the weaving official, the court ordered him to return the affairs to the court, and another official, Lv Gui, was sent to collect Liu Cheng's inheritance.
Lv Gui instigated the bad guy Ji Guang to come to Beijing and asked him to stay and let him take over from Liu Cheng to supervise weaving. Banghua wrote to tell the story of their collusion.
Ji Guang's petition did not go through the General Political Department and was not sent to the Cabinet. Finally, they issued the imperial edict directly in the imperial court and achieved their goal. Banghua wrote three letters to argue, but Zongshen didn't reply.
At that time, immortals were greedy for money and middle officials made meritorious deeds, all of which were called filial piety. Banghua criticized this and impeached the eunuch who was partial to Lv Gui.
Therefore, after the expiration of his term of office, no one took over his old position for a long time. In 1944, Banghua returned home sick.
At that time, a group of little people were trying to crowd out Lin Dong, referring to Zou Yuanbiao as the leader of the Party. Banghua and Yuan Biao are fellow villagers and teachers and friends. His temper likes to distinguish right from wrong.
He was advised to be tactful. Banghua said, "Better to be a poor scholar than a repeated villain." Those people hated him even more when they heard about it.
In the second year, according to the number of years, Banghua was transferred out and asked to participate in the Shandong Senate. His father, Ding Jian, was a doctor of Nanjing punishments at that time, and was also dismissed from office and went home.
Banghua refused to get sick and didn't go to his post. In the first year of the apocalypse (162 1), Banghua was reinstated to rectify Yizhou's military equipment.
The following year, after he was promoted to Guanglu Shaoqing, he went home to visit his father. In April, the imperial court promoted him to the right capital and asked him to succeed Bi as governor of Tianjin.
At that time, the Tianjin military government had just opened, and all the affairs were hastily launched. After Banghua came to power, he made great efforts to rectify and make the Jinmen Army a model for all towns. After being promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Banghua returned to his hometown to visit his father.
When Banghua arrived in Beijing in the spring of four years, eunuchs made a scene, saying that Sun Chengzong, the official of the Shu government, came to appear before the emperor at the Wanshou Festival to "clear away the bad guys around the emperor". As a matter of fact, Banghua brought him here. Emperor Xizong immediately ordered Chengzong to return to his post, and Banghua called in sick and went back.
The following autumn, the eunuch impeached and removed Banghua's office. In April of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Banghua was appointed as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry and the governor of the river.
Soon after, he was appointed as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War and assistant of military and political affairs. Banghua returned to the court and was summoned by Emperor Zhuang Liedi. Later, he presided over the military conference and then entered the military camp.
According to the usual practice, the emperor sacrificed to heaven from winter to the sun, and the army lined up to escort him, using 85 thousand soldiers, which increased to more than100 thousand at that time. At that time, Emperor Zhuang Liedi was about to sacrifice to heaven, and the ministers accompanying the governor lacked candidates, so Banghua was put in charge of the matter.
The clouds, dragons, treasures, golden drums, flags, armour and halberds arranged by Banghua are all brand-new, and Emperor Zhuang Liedi is very happy. The following spring, Emperor Zhuang Liedi inspected the school, and Banghua arranged it well.
Emperor Zhuang Liedi made him an official of the Ministry of War. The military policy at that time was very chaotic. Banghua first put forward nine things, such as changing the drilling method, carefully selecting officers, transforming chariots, refining gunpowder, concentrating weapons, guiding officers to guard against, saving expenses, changing horses as appropriate, and practicing guns.
Beijing camp has always had the disadvantages of occupation and adventure. Occupation means that soldiers work hard for the general. In a small camp, such soldiers can reach 400 to 500, and there are also disadvantages such as selling spare time and doing exercises.
The virtual risk is that there are no such people in the army. Generals, eunuchs and powerful men pretend to be able-bodied men in the army with their servants and receive a thick salary every month. Banghua made an inventory, recovered 10,000 active soldiers and cleared 1,000 people.
The 3rd Battalion has more than 100,000 troops, half of whom are old and weak. According to the usual practice, when the strength of Beijing battalion is insufficient, it is allowed to increase. Most of these old and weak people came in through bribery.
Banghua personally tested all the soldiers in each battalion, and not all the able-bodied men were not hired. Since then, there have been few newly filled soldiers in Beijing battalion. In the third battalion,10,000 pioneers and 7,000 able-bodied men were selected. Their salary is twice that of other soldiers, but they are also weak soldiers.
Banghua ordered that five of each general's 500 soldiers should be selected every month. The age must be under 25 years old and the strength must be above 250 kg. They must be able to shoot arrows and artillery and send them once a month to make up for the vacancies of pioneers and able-bodied men. From then on, everyone in the army wanted to work hard.
Under the 3rd Battalion, six lieutenants were sent.
6. Mr. Lifu is a translator of classical Chinese. People saw him farming in Liv, so they called him that. Mr. Fu's personality is bold and unrestrained, and he likes reading books of ancient sages and sages, among which Spring and Autumn Annals is his favorite to find out minor faults. He saw a book written by Wang Zhongyan, saying that "The Spring and Autumn Annals lost its meaning after it was written three times", and he quite agreed with this view. Carving it on a stone, I actually regard this kind of research knowledge as my life's task. The contents in the book are upside down and confused, and there is no fluency. After about a hundred years, no one dared to point out its shortcomings and mistakes. Mr. Liv was worried about misleading young people, so he wrote a book to pick out mistakes and correct them. Mr. Fu usually entertains himself by reading and writing articles, and never gives up. Every time he writes a book, some of it is taken by people he likes and later found in other people's homes. I'll never say it's my own work again. When I was a teenager, I studied poetry and wrote poetry. At first, I pursued adventure and strangeness, just like breaking the enemy's array. Later, I reached the level of peace and elegance. Every time I get a book, I know it thoroughly before I put it back on the shelf. As soon as I find out which book is wrong, I will immediately start to revise it, not limited to two or three times. The red and yellow pens never leave my hand. He has re-bound, and if there is any mistake in the text, he will correct it. He is glad to hear that others are studying, commenting and talking about fatigue. Although Mr. Wang is poor, he never talks about getting benefits. Mr. Wang lives in a few acres of ponds, 30 houses and 400 acres of land. There are not only ten cows, but also five or six farmers. But his fields are all located in low-lying areas, and as long as it rains day and night, it will be connected with the river. You can't tell whether it's your own field or someone else's field. Mr. Wang is starving and there is no savings in the granary. So he had to personally take farm tools and lead farmers to build dikes and dams. Since then, despite the flood every year, he can't relax his vigilance and drown his crops. Someone ridiculed Mr. Wang, saying, "In order to control water, Yao is thin, shun is black, and Dayu has calluses on his hands and feet." Are they not all saints? " I'm just an ordinary person. What can I do to support my wife and children if I don't work hard? Besides, what's the difference between this and fleas and lice on famous vessels and finches and rats in granaries? "Mr. Wang doesn't like to make friends with vulgar people by nature. Such a person can't see him even when he gets to the door. Mr. Wang doesn't prepare horses and chariots and doesn't attend the funeral. Relatives and friends at home and abroad, weddings and funerals during the Chinese New Year holidays, he never participates in contacts on time. Sometimes it's neither too cold nor too hot, and he's in good health and nothing, so Mr. Wang takes a boat and prepares tents and tables. He only brought a book, a tea set, a pen and ink, a fishing gear and a boy rocking a boat. When he got there, he didn't come straight back, even though the waterfowl took off and the mountain deer ran so fast. People called him a Jianghu Sanren, so Mr. Wang wrote a book about Jianghu Sanren. From then on, no matter praise or criticism, he will not be affected, and he will no longer be affected. You can't stop something from happening as soon as it happens. You will soon regret it, and many corrections will not get rid of this habit. Mr. Wang doesn't spread his name, and no one in the society knows him. Isn't he a fisherman's boatman like a rich man? .