The 30 years of reform, opening-up and development in socialist China have also witnessed significant progress in the reform of land use system. In the great revolution of reform and opening-up, China broke the old system of allocating land according to plans and administrative instructions, and the land was free, unlimited and non-mobile, and created a new system in which the land was mainly allocated by the market, and the land was paid, limited and mobile, and initially formed the basic system of land market and government regulation and management system. After 30 years' efforts, we have embarked on a broad road to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics's land market system.
At present, China is in a critical stage of reform and development. It is necessary to scientifically sum up the successful experience of 30 years of reform, focus on the rural land use system, and unswervingly carry out the land use system reform to the end.
I. Historical process of land use system reform
In the 30-year-long land use system reform, a clear main line throughout is to introduce the modern market system and continuously expand the basic role of the market in the allocation of land resources. Judging from the goal, central task and actual progress of the reform, the reform has gone through three different stages: 10 and 1.
(1) years ago 10 (1979 ~ 1988): The new system of paid, time-limited and floating land was conceived and born.
On the eve of reform, rural land in China was managed by collectives, and state-owned land was allocated by planning and administration, which was used free of charge, indefinitely and immobile. The land is obtained free of charge, and the land use is not restricted, which leads to the widespread behavior of occupying more and using less, using it poorly and occupying it instead of using it. A lot of land resources are inefficient and wasteful. At the same time, the land allocated free of charge has become a way for many land units to transfer and lease at will, and a large-scale invisible land market has actually existed for a long time.
The earliest challenge to the system of free use of land was the provision of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Sino-foreign Joint Ventures (1979) concerning the collection of land use fees by joint ventures. Although the charging standard is very low, it has torn the first hole in the old system. Since 1982, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Fushun and other cities have successively formulated methods for collecting urban land use fees. By the end of 1980s, hundreds of cities in China had collected land use fees in different forms. But this practice does not touch the root of the system, and land cannot enter the market. The real breakthrough occurred in the three years around 1987. 1986 after the establishment of the former state bureau of land management, the reform of land use system was launched soon, and pilot projects were deployed in cities such as Shenzhen and Shanghai. From September of 1987 to February of 12, Shenzhen successively transferred three land use rights by agreement and public bidding, with a term of 50 years. Among them, a commercial residential land publicly auctioned on February 1 65438 was finally sold at a price more than twice the reserve price after several rounds of bidding by 44 enterprises. This is a fundamental breakthrough in the reform of land use system, which marks the birth of a new land market in China and a new page in China's reform and opening up.
It is worth recalling that the pilot reform broke through the law at that time, which was actually "unconstitutional reform", but the law did not prohibit pilot innovation. The Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) (1982) and the laws of People's Republic of China (PRC) (1986) both contain clauses prohibiting land leasing. In order to meet the needs of the reform, the First Session of the Seventh National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment on April 2, 1988, deleting the clause that the land is not allowed to be leased in the fourth paragraph of Article 10 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) and adding the provision that "the land use right can be transferred according to the law". On February 29th, 65438, the Fifth Session of the Seventh the NPC Standing Committee made corresponding amendments to the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China. 1988 is undoubtedly the "legal year" of land use system reform.
(2) The second 10 year (1989 ~ 1998): The paid land transfer system was widely implemented, and the land market construction was fully started and initially developed.
If the main task of land use system reform in recent 10 year is to realize the leap from no market to market, then the task of this 10 year is to cultivate the land market and expand the coverage of the land market. From this 10 year to now, the reform of land use system and the construction of land market are actually integrated, and the reform has entered the era of land market.
1990 May19, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Interim Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Assignment and Transfer of the Right to Use State-owned Land in Cities and Towns and the Interim Measures for the Administration of Foreign-invested Development and Operation of Pieces of Land, which provided reliable legal guarantee for the implementation and deepening of the reform of the land use system. 1992 is a turning point in China's reform and development. Comrade Deng Xiaoping's southern talk and the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have set the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. The new goals and tasks of the economic system reform set by the CPC Central Committee have greatly encouraged and promoted the market-oriented land use system reform. In 1993, the national urban state-owned land leasing income was only199131100 million yuan, reaching 64.52 billion yuan; The proportion of paid land use area to the total land supply area was only 2.8% in 1992, and reached 4 1.22% in 1993.
With the wide implementation of the new system, the construction of land market has started in an all-round way, and the management of land market has been gradually strengthened. This is also a process of contradiction development and practical innovation. During the periods of 1992 and 1993, during the rapid reform of land use system, China experienced economic overheating characterized by "development zone fever" and "real estate fever". Due to out-of-control finance, excessive investment in fixed assets and out-of-control land supply, there are development zones all over the country, real estate investment has increased substantially, the market order is chaotic, and "hot speculation" has appeared in some places, and land speculation is prevalent. As a result, a large amount of cultivated land is lost and a large amount of land is wasted and idle.
From July 65438 to July 0993, the State Council began to take macro-control measures to rectify the financial order, clean up the development zone and real estate market, and standardize the land market. By the end of 1994, there were only 6 16 development zones at or above the provincial level, the real estate investment dropped sharply, the economic overheating was effectively controlled, and the urban land market entered a period of adjustment and development. 1July 5, 994, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on Urban Real Estate Management was promulgated. This important law, which promotes the standardized development of real estate market and land market, establishes the basic rules for the operation of land market. The promulgation of "People's Republic of China (PRC) Urban Real Estate Management Law" also reflects the reflection on the economic and market fluctuations in the early 1990s. How to find a permanent cure for farmland protection is a bigger problem that needs to be answered urgently in the reform. Under the deployment of the central government, the former State Bureau of Land Management and the relevant departments of the State Council carried out special investigations and formulated a permanent policy for farmland protection from 65438 to 0994. At the beginning of 1997, the central government made a major decision. On April 16 of that year, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Notice on Further Strengthening Land Management and Effectively Protecting Cultivated Land (Zhong Fa [1997] 1 1), put forward the guiding ideology of strengthening land management and effectively protecting cultivated land, and established land use control and construction land approval management. The new law fully embodies the spirit of the party's document 1 1997, which makes the major measures put forward in the document rise to the legal system and realizes a series of major breakthroughs and fundamental changes in the land management system. From the Party's document 1 1 in 1997 to the new People's Republic of China (PRC) Land and Land Management Law, it is a comprehensive reform covering the system, mechanism and legal system, and it is a beautiful "combination boxing" to deepen the reform of land use system in the 1990s.
In the second land use system reform in 10, land allocation is still a dual-track system of administrative allocation and paid transfer, and the scope of allocation system is quite large; In the land transfer market, the agreement transfer method has been abused and occupied a dominant position for a long time; The method of bidding, auction and auction has been seriously suppressed and has been stagnant for a long time. According to the calculation in 2000, only about 5% of the land was sold through open market competition, such as bidding and auction. The actual situation shows that some local governments still have great arbitrariness in the choice of land supply mode and still retain great power in the allocation of land resources. A considerable part of agreement transfer is similar to administrative allocation, and the object and price of land transfer are determined by the administration. It is very common that land prices have been distorted and artificially underestimated for a long time. The above situation shows that the reform is not in place and the land market system is not perfect, which is the fundamental reason why the land market is out of control and disorderly, and the loss of state-owned land assets and land abuse are difficult to eliminate.
(3) The third year 10 (1999 ~ 2008): The land bidding, auction and transfer system was rapidly promoted, and the land policy began to participate in the macro-control system and the land market was standardized.
It is a major breakthrough in the new round of reform that the transfer of operating land agreement is "stopped" 1997 10, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces have successively implemented the new policy of bidding and auction for all business land in the province. In the areas that take the lead in reform, the policy ambiguity in the choice of transfer methods should be eliminated, and the operating land should be unconditionally transferred by bidding, auction and hanging. 1998 On the basis of summing up local experience, the Ministry of Land and Resources put forward the applicable scope of bidding, auction and hanging for commercial land in time.
The Notice of the State Council on Strengthening the Management of State-owned Land Assets (Guo Fa [2006 54 38+0]654 38+05) issued on 200 1 is a programmatic document to establish a market-oriented allocation system of land resources and standardize the land market. For the first time, the document clearly defines the scope of bidding, auction and hanging of state-owned land, and lights up a "red light" for the transfer of operating land agreements. In May 2002, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued Article 4 of the Provisions on the Transfer of State-owned Land Use Rights by Bidding, Auction and Listing, which clearly stipulated that "all kinds of commercial land such as commerce, tourism, entertainment and commercial housing must be transferred by bidding, auction and listing."
In 2002, the Seventh Plenary Session of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection adopted the system of "bidding, auctioning and hanging", which regards the transfer of state-owned land use rights as a basic system to regulate the land market and prevent corruption from the source. In August of the same year, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Supervision jointly issued a notice, demanding that the responsibility of the competent departments and relevant personnel who have violated the law in the transfer of business land be severely investigated. In March 2004, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Supervision jointly issued a notice again, demanding that after August 3 1 of that year, all localities should not fail to implement the regulation of public bidding for all commercial land on the grounds of historical issues, that is, the so-called "8.3 1" period. This is actually the "limit" of the system of transferring operating land by agreement.
Introducing the discipline inspection and supervision mechanism and strengthening the enforcement are the important reasons for the breakthrough of the land "bidding, auction and hanging" system. From 65438 to 0999, only Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces in China established a comprehensive bidding, auction and hanging system. By the end of 2003, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and 90% cities and counties in China had established this system. The proportion of land area sold by "bidding, auctioning and hanging" for operating land use rights to the total sold area was below 5% before 5438+0 in 2006, reaching 15% in 2002 and 28% in 2003.
After the breakthrough in commercial land, tourism and entertainment, and commercial housing transfer, the market land supply system almost extended to industrial land transfer. In 2004, "the State Council's Decision on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management" (Guo Fa [2004] No.28) proposed: "It is forbidden to illegally depress land prices to attract investment." "Industrial land should also create conditions to gradually implement bidding, auction and listing." Around the new deployment of the State Council, the Ministry of Land and Resources has formulated a series of supporting policies and regulations, formulated the national minimum price standard for industrial land transfer, and further refined the policy measures of "bidding, auction and listing" for industrial land transfer. In just over two years, the system of "bidding, auctioning and hanging" for industrial land has been basically established throughout the country. According to preliminary statistics, from September 2006 to the end of August 2007, 3 1 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) all carried out this activity, with 6,437 cases of industrial land, with an area of 2 1 1000000 hectares and a transaction price of 33129 million yuan.
While the land transfer system has achieved a new round of reform, the system construction of land policy participating in macro-control has also entered a new stage. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the 20th century, a new round of investment craze led by local governments appeared in China.
At the beginning of 2003, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a major decision to strengthen and improve macro-control, demanding that the land market order be rectified nationwide, all kinds of development zones be cleared up, construction land be strictly controlled, and land policies be used to participate in macro-control. In 2004, the Ministry of Land and Resources reduced the construction land index by 20.3% and the cultivated land index by 23.4%. The General Office of the State Council issued an urgent notice and decided to suspend the approval of agricultural land conversion for half a year. In 2006, the State Council's Notice on Strengthening Land Regulation (Guo Fa [2006] No.31) made a series of provisions on comprehensively using economic, legal and administrative means to strengthen the role of land regulation and control in view of the macroeconomic situation and the problems existing in land management at that time. This document marks the initial establishment of a framework system for China's land policy to participate in macro-control.
The use of land policy to regulate macro-economy has achieved remarkable results. In 2004, there were 48 13 development zones in China, accounting for 70% of the total number of development zones, and the planned area was reduced by 2.49 million hectares, accounting for 65% of the planned area of all development zones. Clearing up 1999, arrears of compensation for land acquisition by farmers, and clearing up unpaid land use fees for new construction land 1239. In the five years since 2003, the Ministry of Land and Resources has strictly controlled the "land gate" and the land supply has returned to rationality. The growth rate of investment in fixed assets continued to decline after reaching its peak in early 2004, and the proportion of stock land in the supply of construction land remained above 50% for many years.
In the process of rectifying the land market and participating in macro-control, great progress has been made in the reform of land management system. In 2006, the Bureau of Land Supervision was formally established. The Office of the Chief Land Inspector was established in the Ministry of Land and Resources, and nine National Land Supervision Bureaus were stationed. In the past two years, land supervision institutions have actively carried out supervision and inspection work while building institutions, which has initially shown its due role and strength.
In recent years since the 20th century, the exploration and practice of collective non-agricultural construction land transfer system innovation have also made gratifying progress. This institutional innovation can be traced back to the late 1980s. 65438-0987, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province tried out the paid use system of construction land for township enterprises. Starting from 1988, Dezhou, Shandong Province tried out the paid use of rural homestead. These two reform experiments were later stopped in 1992 national campaign to clean up unreasonable charges in rural areas, but the institutional innovation activities of collective construction land transfer are still actively carried out in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places.
65438-0999 The Ministry of Land and Resources approved Wuhu City, Anhui Province as a pilot project for the transfer of construction land collectively owned by farmers. From 2000/KLOC-0 to 2003, the relevant departments of the Ministry of Land and Resources held five symposiums on land system innovation in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Anyang, Henan, Huzhou, Zhejiang, Wuhu, Anhui and Shunde, Guangdong, to exchange the progress and experience of the pilot work of collective construction land transfer and discuss and study related theoretical and policy issues. On this basis, the Ministry of Land and Resources has initially formed opinions and measures to regulate the circulation of collective construction land.
While exploring the circulation of collective construction land, the reform of land acquisition system has been continuously promoted and deepened. Since 1999, the Ministry of Land and Resources has decided to carry out pilot projects in 19 city. In 2002, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Office of the Central Leading Group for Rural Work conducted a special investigation on improving and reforming the land acquisition system. Since 2005, the Ministry of Land and Resources has steadily promoted reforms and improved the compensation methods for land acquisition. New compensation standards for land expropriation have been formulated all over the country, and the compensation standards have generally increased by 20% ~ 30%; Most provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have changed the single currency resettlement mode and gradually formed various resettlement channels; Twenty-four provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have introduced social security measures for landless farmers.
In the past few years since the 20th century, the allocation of state-owned land resources in China has stepped into a market-oriented track in the great turning point of reform, realizing a major shift from administrative planning allocation to market allocation, and the land market has entered a new stage of comprehensive and standardized development.
Second, the great achievements of 30 years of change
The 30-year reform has brought about historic and fundamental changes in China's land use system. The great achievements of reform and the great power of the market are beyond people's initial imagination.
(1) The basic system of urban land market operation was initially established, and a multi-level land market system was basically formed.
First, a property right system centered on the right to use state-owned construction land has been initially formed. Clear land property rights have laid the foundation of land market and become the most basic condition for rational allocation of circulating land. Second, the trading system of assignment, transfer, lease, mortgage and fixed-price investment (shareholding) of urban state-owned land use rights has been basically established. At present, the secondary land market is increasingly active. According to statistics, the land transfer area in 1999 reached 342 13 14 hectares, and the transfer amount reached 30.469 billion yuan. By 2007, the circulation area and amount reached 62,332.42 hectares and 71835,438+0 billion yuan respectively, increasing by 0.82 times and 0.85 times respectively.
(2) The framework system of land policy participating in macro-control has been initially established, and a land market supervision system with supply and demand and price management as the main contents has been formed.
In terms of supply management, demand management, price management and market supervision services, a series of normative systems have been established, such as the dynamic monitoring system of land market and urban land price, and the information release and inquiry system of land market.
(3) The allocation of land resources is market-oriented, and the market has become the main way to allocate state-owned land resources.
At present, the market mechanism has occupied a dominant position in the allocation of state-owned land resources. According to statistics, in 2007, the national land transfer area was 234,960.59 hectares, and the allocated land area was 76,087.97 hectares, accounting for 75.54% of the total allocated and transferred land supply area. The proportion of land sold by bidding, auction and listing has also increased year by year. From 1999 to 2007, the proportion of "bidding, auction and hanging" in the annual transfer area increased from 2.38% to 49.92%.
(4) It has promoted the protection and economical and intensive use of land resources, and the utilization efficiency of land resources has been significantly improved.
Over the past 30 years, through the reform of land use system and land acquisition system, a long-term and effective institutional basis has been found for protecting cultivated land and saving intensive land. With the improvement of land marketization, the new construction land consumed by the growth of unit GDP and fixed assets investment scale is gradually decreasing. 1999, the newly-increased construction land consumed by unit investment in new fixed assets was 9.204 hectares/100 million yuan, which decreased to 9.6 1 hectare/100 million yuan in 2006; The consumption of new construction land per unit GDP decreased from 2527 hectares/100 million yuan in199 to 7.77 hectares/100 million yuan in 2006. Reduce the consumption of new construction land and ease the pressure of farmland conversion.
(V) Promote the process of capitalization of state-owned land and provide strong financial support for the social and economic development of China.
According to statistics, from 2000 to 2006 alone, the total land transfer price reached 30 1 trillion yuan, and in 2007 it was as high as12216.72 million yuan. Land revenue has become an important source of funds for local governments to promote infrastructure construction and urban construction. In the enterprise reform, the disposal of state-owned land assets according to law has promoted the development of modern enterprise system. According to incomplete statistics, from 1996 to the end of 20001,the former State Bureau of Land Management and the Ministry of Land and Resources directly disposed of more than 97,000 land assets for more than 240 state-owned enterprises, involving an area of 65.438+0.742 million hectares, with a land asset value of 65.438+0.60 billion yuan.
(6) Adapting to and promoting the development and perfection of the socialist market economic system.
Today, without the land market, the economy cannot function normally. Generally speaking, the construction of the land market in the past 30 years has adapted to and promoted the development of the socialist market economic system and coordinated development with other factor markets. The perfection of the land market has promoted the development and standardization of the real estate market. The per capita housing area in China has increased from 6.7 square meters at the beginning of the reform to 28 square meters now. At present, land mortgage loan has become an important transaction in the financial market. From 1998 to 2005, China's land mortgage area reached 9,855,600 hectares, and the total mortgage payment reached 7,338,577 million yuan. The proportion of mortgage repayment in the total fixed assets investment in that year rose from 43 1% to 26.98%.
Third, the basic experience of 30 years of reform.
Over the past 30 years, we have made great achievements in the construction of land market system, and at the same time created and accumulated rich and valuable experience.
(a) adhere to the socialist public ownership of land as the basis, and constantly reform the old system of planned allocation of land resources.
The result of the 30-year reform not only broke the old system that bound the allocation of land market, but also created a dynamic land market system, consolidated and activated land public ownership, and made it show its unique advantages in the market system that countries based on private ownership did not have.
(two) adhere to the overall situation centered on economic construction, and constantly adapt to the new requirements of reform and development.
In the 30-year reform, the land and resources management department has actively promoted the development of old city reconstruction, small town construction, enterprise reform, infrastructure construction, real estate industry, financial market, capital market and other economic activities. At one time, they focused on a central task and concentrated their efforts on solving major contradictions, so that the central work and the reform task were closely integrated, infiltrated, promoted and developed simultaneously.
(3) Persist in market-oriented reform and constantly improve the market allocation system of land resources.
In the whole reform process, the scope, scale and function of land resources market allocation are getting bigger and bigger, the institutionalized construction is becoming more and more perfect, and the market orientation of reform is becoming more and more clear. Some people blame the problems in the reform, such as land speculation, land rent-seeking, collusion between officials and businessmen for profiteering, on the land market-oriented reform. In fact, these phenomena just show that the reform is not in place and the market system is not perfect. We can only solve these problems by continuing to reform, instead of making irresponsible remarks about the market system and giving up halfway.
(four) adhere to the premise of farmland protection, and constantly promote the formation of the internal mechanism of economical and intensive land use.
The purpose of establishing the land market is to stimulate the enthusiasm of land users to save and intensify and promote the rational allocation and effective utilization of land resources through the role of price leverage and competition mechanism. In the final analysis, an effective market is the driving force for protecting cultivated land and optimizing land use, not the opposite force. At present, the shortage of land supply and demand is mainly due to the low utilization efficiency of urban and rural construction land, and the fundamental reason is that the role of market in allocating resources has not been fully exerted.
(five) adhere to the administrative reform as the focus, and constantly strengthen and improve the regulation and management of land resource allocation.
The government has extensive and profound influence and function in establishing and perfecting the land market system. While leading the reform, the government should turn itself into the main target of reform. The actual situation shows that whether the land market allocation system can be established and play a good role depends on the transformation of government functions and the reform of administrative management system. In a sense, the 30-year reform is an evolutionary process of "land going to the market" and "government withdrawing from the market". The government's "retreat" means directly participating in the allocation of land resources and the land market, while "advance" means necessary regulation and supervision of the land market.
(six) adhere to the practice and innovation of the masses as the driving force, and constantly promote the institutionalization of reform experience.
Every reform in the past 30 years, from gestation to breakthrough, from deepening to refinement, the land market has grown up step by step, initially from the actual demand and the initiative of the masses. The leader's task is to create an innovative environment of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, respect and protect the bold breakthroughs and innovations in mass practice, and turn the innovative experience proved effective in practice into a mature policy until it rises to a legal system.
Four, the new tasks and greater challenges of land use system reform
China is still on the road after 30 years of reform. From the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to 2020, it is a new critical period for China's reform and development. It should be noted that the cultivation and construction of China's land market is still in the primary stage, and the role of the market in allocating land resources is still insufficient. The paid use system and market circulation system of state-owned land have not been fully put in place, the reform of land acquisition system needs to be deepened, and the innovation of rural collective construction land circulation system needs to be broken through. From this perspective, China's land use system reform has only gone halfway. Solving long-standing difficulties and deep-seated problems is an arduous task and a greater challenge for the next step of reform.
(1) Improve the marketization of state-owned land supply, continuously narrow the scope of allocated land, and further change the situation that a high proportion of construction land is allocated free of charge and transferred by agreement.
At present, the proportion of allocated land in the total area of state-owned land supply is 97.2% in 1992, and it still reaches 22.25% in 2007. 65,438+0,992, the total allocated land area was 80,700 hectares, and in 2007 it was still 76,654,38+0,000 hectares. The short-term goal of the reform is to limit and narrow the scope of land allocation. Except for military and social security housing and special land, the long-term goal is to stop the allocation of land supply. In the paid transfer of land, the proportion of agreed transfer will still reach 50.08% in 2007, and the coverage of the "bidding, auction and hanging" system will be expanded one after another.
(2) Deepen the reform of land expropriation system, gradually narrow the scope of land expropriation, and realize the marketization of land expropriation compensation pricing.
At present, the abuse of land expropriation right is still serious. To speed up the reform of land acquisition system, the focus in the near future is to gradually narrow the scope of land acquisition and improve the compensation mechanism for land acquisition. The long-term task is to strictly enforce that only land that meets the needs of "public interest" can be expropriated, and gradually implement market price compensation, and the rest of the construction land must be obtained through the market.
(three) the implementation of collective construction land use system, to achieve the unity of urban and rural land market.
State-owned construction land and collective construction land have different rights and prices in the same place. This land use system rooted in the dual economic system of urban and rural areas not only makes a large number of farmers' land assets in a state of loss and sluggishness, which restricts rural development, but also seriously restricts the active use and optimal allocation of rural collective construction land. The total amount of rural collective construction land in China is five times that of urban construction land. Due to the scattered layout and extensive use of rural construction land, there is a lot of room for adjustment and reuse, and tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of acres of construction land can be well replaced. The main way out in the future is undoubtedly the adjustment and reuse of rural collective construction land to ensure the total cultivated land of 65.438+0.8 billion mu and alleviate the shortage of construction land. This is the overall strategy of land use in China. At present, a major institutional obstacle affecting the implementation of this strategy is the unequal legal status of rural collective construction land, strict property rights restrictions and lack of market, which can not be consolidated and utilized in free flow, so it is difficult to change the rural land use pattern that should have been adjusted and optimized with the development of industrialization and urbanization.
According to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, accelerating the reform of collective construction land use system and market construction and realizing the unification of urban and rural land markets are related to the integrity of the socialist market system, the implementation of land use and land national policy, and the construction of a new socialist countryside. It has become an overall and important problem to be solved urgently to ensure the harmonious development of economy and society, and it is an important goal and main direction of land use system reform in the next stage.