First, the task of psychological counseling is mainly to promote growth, emphasize the development model, help visitors to exert their greatest potential, and eliminate the obstacles to normal development, with emphasis on prevention.
Second, psychological counseling follows the educational model, and most of the visitors are normal objects, mainly involving daily life problems, and generally work in schools, units, psychological counseling institutions and other scenes.
Third, psychological counseling should involve visitors' living environment in more ways, such as participating in their direct environment, getting in touch with visitors' families and relatives, making more use of daily living facilities (such as telephone consultation), designing and organizing classes and various group activities.
Fourthly, psychological counseling is realistic-oriented, involving consciousness issues, such as career choice, training and education, life and work guidance, and study counseling. So we often use cognitive and logical methods.
Extended data:
Classification of psychological counseling:
First, psychological counseling in the visitor center
This is a school advocated by Rogers. Its basic assumption is that we have the ability to understand our own problems and the resources to solve them. Therefore, as a consultant, we must pay attention to the constructive and healthy side of visitors themselves. Focus on the real scene directly faced by visitors, and attach importance to visitors' feelings about themselves.
Second, psychological counseling of behaviorism
Behavioral psychological counseling is based on learning theory and behavioral therapy theory. It holds that people's problem behaviors and symptoms are caused by wrong cognition and study, and advocates that psychological counseling should focus on the current behavior problems of visitors and pay attention to the learning and solution of a special behavior problem in order to promote the change and disappearance of problem behaviors or the acquisition of new behaviors.
Third, psychological counseling of cognitive behavior
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a group of short-term psychotherapy methods to change bad cognition and eliminate bad emotions and behaviors by changing thinking or beliefs and behaviors. Representative ones are Ellis' rational emotional behavior therapy (REBT), Baker's and Remy's cognitive therapy (CT) and MacKenbaum's cognitive behavior correction technology.
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